Carboxylesterase 2
Carboxylesterase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CES2 gene.[5][6][7] It is a member of the alpha/beta fold hydrolase family.[8]
Carboxylesterase 2 is a member of a large multigene family. The enzymes encoded by these genes are responsible for the hydrolysis of ester- and amide-bond-containing drugs such as cocaine and heroin. They also hydrolyze long-chain fatty acid esters and thioesters. The specific function of this enzyme has not yet been determined; however, it is speculated that carboxylesterases may play a role in lipid metabolism and/or the blood–brain barrier system. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.[7]
Interactive pathway map
| Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.[§ 1]
Fluorouracil (5-FU) Activity edit
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Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. [§ 1]
Irinotecan Pathway edit
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References
- 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000172831 - Ensembl, May 2017
- 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000091813 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
- ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
- ↑ Pindel EV, Kedishvili NY, Abraham TL, Brzezinski MR, Zhang J, Dean RA, Bosron WF (Jun 1997). "Purification and cloning of a broad substrate specificity human liver carboxylesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cocaine and heroin". J Biol Chem. 272 (23): 14769–75. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.23.14769. PMID 9169443.
- ↑ Schwer H, Langmann T, Daig R, Becker A, Aslanidis C, Schmitz G (Jun 1997). "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel putative carboxylesterase, present in human intestine and liver". Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 233 (1): 117–20. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6413. PMID 9144407.
- 1 2 "Entrez Gene: CES2 carboxylesterase 2 (intestine, liver)".
- ↑ Imai T (Jun 2006). "Human Carboxylesterase Isozymes: Catalytic Properties and Rational Drug Design". Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 21 (3): 173–185. doi:10.2133/dmpk.21.173. PMID 16858120.
Further reading
- Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
- Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
- Yan B, Matoney L, Yang D (1999). "Human carboxylesterases in term placentae: enzymatic characterization, molecular cloning and evidence for the existence of multiple forms". Placenta. 20 (7): 599–607. doi:10.1053/plac.1999.0407. PMID 10452915.
- Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (2001). "DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination". Genome Res. 10 (11): 1788–95. doi:10.1101/gr.143000. PMC 310948. PMID 11076863.
- Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, et al. (2001). "Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs". Genome Res. 11 (3): 422–35. doi:10.1101/gr.GR1547R. PMC 311072. PMID 11230166.
- Chagnon P, Michaud J, Mitchell G, et al. (2003). "A missense mutation (R565W) in cirhin (FLJ14728) in North American Indian childhood cirrhosis". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 71 (6): 1443–9. doi:10.1086/344580. PMC 378590. PMID 12417987.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
- Saito S, Iida A, Sekine A, et al. (2003). "Catalog of 680 variations among eight cytochrome p450 ( CYP) genes, nine esterase genes, and two other genes in the Japanese population". J. Hum. Genet. 48 (5): 249–70. doi:10.1007/s10038-003-0021-7. PMID 12721789.
- Wu MH, Chen P, Remo BF, et al. (2004). "Characterization of multiple promoters in the human carboxylesterase 2 gene". Pharmacogenetics. 13 (7): 425–35. doi:10.1097/01.fpc.0000054103.48725.db. PMID 12835618.
- Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
- Marsh S, Xiao M, Yu J, et al. (2005). "Pharmacogenomic assessment of carboxylesterases 1 and 2". Genomics. 84 (4): 661–8. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.07.008. PMID 15475243.
- Wu MH, Chen P, Wu X, et al. (2005). "Determination and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotype structure of the human carboxylesterase 2 gene". Pharmacogenetics. 14 (9): 595–605. doi:10.1097/00008571-200409000-00004. PMID 15475733.
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
- Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W, et al. (2004). "From ORFeome to biology: a functional genomics pipeline". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2136–44. doi:10.1101/gr.2576704. PMC 528930. PMID 15489336.
- Charasson V, Bellott R, Meynard D, et al. (2005). "Pharmacogenetics of human carboxylesterase 2, an enzyme involved in the activation of irinotecan into SN-38". Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 76 (6): 528–35. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2004.08.007. PMID 15592324.
- Kim SR, Nakamura T, Saito Y, et al. (2005). "Twelve novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CES2 gene encoding human carboxylesterase 2 (hCE-2)". Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. 18 (5): 327–32. doi:10.2133/dmpk.18.327. PMID 15618752.
- Fox CA, Sapinoso LM, Zhang H, et al. (2005). "Altered expression of TFF-1 and CES-2 in Barrett's Esophagus and associated adenocarcinomas". Neoplasia. 7 (4): 407–16. doi:10.1593/neo.04715. PMC 1501154. PMID 15967118.
- Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, et al. (2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Res. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129. PMID 16344560.
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