Captain general of the Army

Captain general;
	Army Service Uniform shoulder strap with the rank of Captain general of the Spanish Army.
Country	Spain
Service branch	Spanish Army
Abbreviation	CG
Rank	Five-star rank
NATO rank	OF-10
Non-NATO rank	O-11
Formation	c. 1763
Next lower rank	General of the Army
Equivalent ranks	Captain general of the Navy (N) ; Captain general of the Air Force (AF)

Captain General (Capitán General in Spanish) has been the highest rank in the Spanish Army (Ejército de Tierra) since the 18th century. A five-star rank with NATO code OF-10, it is equivalent to a field marshal of the armies of numerous countries, a general of the Army of the United States, a captain general of the Spanish Navy (Armada Española) or an Air captain general in the Spanish Air Force (Ejército del Aire). A Captain General's insignia consists of two command sticks under five four-pointed stars below the Royal Crown.

A personal rank of captain general was created in the Spanish Army (and Navy) as the highest rank in the hierarchy, not unlike the Marechal de France. Since King Charles IV's reign (1788-1808), the monarchs used captain general insignia when wearing uniform. Briefly abolished by the Second Spanish Republic (except one honorary promotion), it was restored by Nationalist Spain in 1938; Francisco Franco himself was the only officer of this rank. The effective rank was reserved to the reigning monarch. A few posthumous honorary promotions and honorary promotions of retired officers to this rank were also made, such as José Moscardó Ituarte (1956), Agustín Muñoz Grandes (1957), Camilo Alonso Vega (1969) or Manuel Gutiérrez Mellado (1994). Some members of the Spanish Royal Family were promoted to the rank after periods of service and Queen Isabella II appointed her consort, Francis of Assisi (1846). Two foreign monarchs, Edward VII of the United Kingdom and William II of Germany, and four distinguished foreign military officers also held the honour.

Date of promotion	Name and style	Dead/Annulled	Notes
1763	Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, 10th Count of Aranda	† 1798
1777	Pedro Antonio de Cevallos Cortés y Calderón	† 1778
1783	Louis des Balbes de Berton de Crillon 4th Duke of Crillon and 1st Duke of Mahon	† 1796
December 14, 1788	King Charles IV	March 19, 1808 (Abdication)	Ex officio
1793	Antonio Ricardos y Carrillo de Albornoz	† March 13, 1794
May 25, 1793	Manuel Godoy y Álvarez de Faria, Prince of the Peace	March 19, 1808	Generalissimo (1801-1808)
1794	Honorato Ignacio de Glimes de Brabante, Count Glimes de Brabante	† 1804
1794	José Carlos Álvarez de Bohórquez y Molina, Marquis of Ruchena	† ?
1794	Martín Antonio Álvarez de Sotomayor y Flores, Count of Colomera	† 1819
1795	Manuel de Negrete y de la Torre,Count of Campo de Alange	† 1818
1795	José Ramón de Urrutia y de las Casas	† 1803
1799	Miguel de la Grúa Talamanca, 1st Marquis of Branciforte	† 1812
1806	Ventura Caro y Fortes	† 1809
March 19, 1808	King Ferdinand VII	† September 29, 1833^{[note 1]}	Ex officio
1808	Vicente María de Vera de Aragón y Enríquez de Navarra, Duke of La Roca and Marquis of Sofraga	† 1813
1808	Francisco Javier Castaños, 1st Duke of Bailén	† September 24, 1852
1808	Vicente María de Acevedo y Pola-Navia	† November, 1808
1808	Joaquín de Navia-Osorio y Miranda, Marquis of Santa Cruz de Marcenado and Viscount of Puerto	† 1816
1809	Rafael Vasco y del Campo, Count of la Conquista de las Islas Batanes	† 1810
1809	Gregorio García de Cuesta y Fernández de Celis	† November 26, 1811
1809	José Rebolledo de Palafox y Melci, 1st Duke of Zaragoza	† February 15, 1847
1809	Ventura Escalante y Bruen	† 1811
1810	Pedro Caro, 3rd Marquis of La Romana	† January 23, 1811
1811	Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington	† September 14, 1852	Ad honorem
1811	William Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford	† January 8, 1854	Ad honorem
1811	Joaquín Blake y Joyes	† April 27, 1827
1811	Claude-Anne de Rouvroy de Saint Simon, Marquis of Saint Simon and Montblerú	† February 27, 1819	Émigré and Spanish Grandee.
1816	José Manuel de Ezpeleta, 1st Count of Ezpeleta de Beire	† 1823
1816	Pedro Mendinueta y Múzquiz	† 1825
1816	Ramón de Osorio y Patiño, 4th Marquis of Castelar	† 1817
1816	José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa, 1st Marquis of La Concordia	† July 31, 1821
1823	Francisco Javier de Elio y Olondriz	† 1822
1823	Francisco de Eguía, 1st Count of the Real Aprecio	† January 6, 1827	President of the Provisional Board of Spain and the Indies
1824	Pedro de Alcántara Álvarez de Toledo, 13th Duke of the Infantado	† November 27, 1841	President of Council of Castile (1808-1809 and 1814-1823) President of the Regency Board (1823) Secretary of State (1825-1826)
1824	Joaquín Ibáñez, Baron de Eroles	† August 22, 1825
1825	Juan de Henestrosa y Orcasitas	† 1831
1827	José Miguel de Carvajal-Vargas, 2nd Duke of San Carlos	† 1828	Secretary of state (1814)
1831	Francisco Fernández de Córdoba, 1st Duke of Alagón	† 1841
May 1, 1838	Baldomero Espartero, Prince of Vergara	† January 8, 1879	Regent of Spain (1840-1843) Minister of War (29 July-30 August 1837 and 16 December 1837-1838) Prime Minister (18 August-18 October 1837, 1840-1841 and 1854-1856)
October 9, 1841	José Ramón Rodil, 1st Marquis of Rodil	† February 20, 1853	Viceroy of Navarre (1 July-2 October 1834) Minister of War (27 April-15 May and 20 August-26 November 1836, and 1842-1843) Prime Minister (1842-1843)
August 19, 1843	Juan José Nieto y Aguilar, 2nd Marquis of Monsalud	† February 28, 1851
January 5, 1844	Prudencio de Guadalfajara y Aguilera, duque de Castroterreño	† June 16, 1855	Minister of War (August–September 1835)
January 5, 1844	Ramón María Narváez, 1st Duke of Valencia	† April 23, 1868	Minister of State (1844, 1846 and 1847) Minister of War (1844-1846, 1846, 1847 and 1866-1868) Prime Minister (1844-1846, 1846, 1847-1849, 1849-1851, 1856-1857, 1864-1865 and 1866-1868)
October 10, 1846	Francis, King Consort	September 19, 1868 (Abolition of monarchy) † April 17, 1902	Ex officio (As consort of Queen Isabella II)^[1] Reinstated ad honorem after 1874.
May 21, 1849	Manuel Gutiérrez de la Concha e Irigoyen, 1st Marquis of Duero	† June 27, 1874
November 19, 1852	Pedro Villacampa y Maza de Lizana	† December 27, 1854
July 30, 1854	Evaristo Fernández de San Miguel y Valledor, 1st Duke of San Miguel	† May 29, 1862
July 30, 1854	Leopoldo O'Donnell, 1st Duke of Tetuan	† November 5, 1867	Prime Minister (14 July-12 October 1856, 1858-1863 and 1865-1866) Minister of War (30 July-29 November 1854, 1858-1863 and 1865-1868) Minister of State (30 June-2 de July 1858) Minister of the Navy (25-27 November 1858) Minister of Overseas (17 January-2 March 1863)
July 18, 1856	Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre	† November 25, 1885	Prime Minister (1868-1869, 4 January-24 July 1871, 26 May-13 June 1872, 3 January-26 February 1874) Regent (1869-1871) President of the Executive Power of the Republic (3 January-30 December 1874)
January 5, 1858	Antoine, Duke of Montpensier	December 1870^{[note 2]}	Brother-in-law of Queen Isabella II
October 10, 1867	Juan de la Pezuela y Cevallos, 1st Count of Cheste	† November 1, 1906
April 24, 1868	Manuel Pavía y Lacy, 1st Marquis de Novaliches	† October 22, 1896
April 24, 1868	José Gutiérrez de la Concha, 1st Marquis of Havana	† November 5, 1895	Minister of Overseas (20 May-6 August 1863 and 29 November 1863-1864) Minister of the Navy (19 June-16 July 1863 and 19–21 September 1868) Minister of War (1863-1864 and 19 September-8 October 1868) Prime Minister (19 September-8 October 1868)
September 30, 1868	Juan Prim, 1st Marquis of los Castillejos	† December 30, 1870	Minister of War (1868-1870) Prime Minister (1869-1870)
November 16, 1870	King Amadeo	February 11, 1873 (Abdication)	Ex officio
May 1, 1874	Juan de Zavala, 1st Marquis of Sierra Bullones	† December 29, 1879	Minister of state (1855-1856) Minister of the Navy (1860-1863) Minister of War (8 April-26 May 1872 and 3 January-29 June 1874) Prime Minister (26 February-3 September 1874)
December 29, 1874	King Alfonso XII	† November 25, 1885	Ex officio Captain General of the Navy (1874-1885)
August 21, 1875^[2]	Ramón Cabrera y Griñó, 1st duke of the Maestrazgo	† May 24, 1877	Ad honorem
March 27, 1876	Jenaro Quesada, 1st Marquis of Miravalles	† January 19, 1889	Ad honorem Prime Minister (7 March-9 December 1879)
March 27, 1876	Arsenio Martínez-Campos y Antón	† September 23, 1892	Ad honorem
July 7, 1878	Joaquín Jovellar y Soler	† April 16, 1892	Ad honorem
July 29, 1892	Manuel Pavía y Rodríguez de Alburquerque	† January 4, 1895	Ad honorem
January 22, 1895	José López Domínguez	† October 17, 1911	Ad honorem Prime Minister (6 July-30 November 1906)
May 16, 1895	Ramón Blanco y Erenas, marqués de Peña Plata	† April 4, 1906	Ad honorem
November 14, 1895	Fernando Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte, 1st Marqués of Estella	† May 23, 1921	Ad honorem Minister of War (1907-1909 and June–October 1917)
May 17, 1902	King Alfonso XIII	April 14, 1931 (Second Spanish Republic established)^{[note 3]}	Ex officio Captain General of the Navy (1902-1931)
April 7, 1907	Edward VII, King of the United Kingdom^[3]	† May 6, 1910	Ad honorem Monarch of the British Dominions and Emperor of India
January 23, 1910	Camilo García de Polavieja y del Castillo-Negrete, 1st Marquis Polavieja	† January 15, 1914	Ad honorem
January 23, 1910	Valeriano Weyler Nicolau, 1st Duke of Rubí and Marquis of Tenerife	† October 20, 1930	Ad honorem Minister of War (1901-1902, 23 June-1 December 1905 and 1906-1907) Minister of the Navy (1 October-1 December 1905)
January 23, 1910	Wilhelm II, German Emperor	† June 4, 1941	Ad honorem Monarch until 9 November 1918.
March 12, 1911	Marcelo de Azcárraga y Palmero	† May 30, 1915	Ad honorem Minister of War (1890-1892, 1895-1897 and 1899-1900) Prime Minister (8 August-4 October 1897, 1900-1901 and 1904-1905) Minister of the Navy (23-31 October 1900)
May 17, 1921	Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Infante of Spain	April 14, 1931 † November 11, 1949	Ad honorem Reinstated ad honorem in 1939.
May 2, 1931	Francisco Aguilera y Egea	† May 19, 1931	Ad honorem Minister of War (19 April-11 June 1917)
July 20, 1936	José Sanjurjo y Sacanell, 1st Marquis of the Rif	—	Posthumous promotion
July 18, 1938	Francisco Franco Bahamonde	† November 20, 1975	Ex officio (As Head of State)^{[note 4]} Captain General of the Navy (1938^{[note 5]}-1975) and the Air Force (1939-1975) Generalissimo (1936^{[note 5]}-1975)
March 22, 1947	Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, 2nd Marquis of Estella	—	Posthumous promotion Prime Minister (1923-1930)
March 24, 1951	José Enrique Varela Iglesias, 1st Marquis of San Fernando de Varela	—	Posthumous promotion Minister of the Army (1939-1942)
October 21, 1952	Juan Yagüe Blanco, 1st Marquis of San Leonardo de Yagüe	—	Posthumous promotion Air Minister (1939-1940)
April 12, 1956	José Moscardó Ituarte, 1st Count of the Alcázar de Toledo	—	Posthumous promotion
February 27, 1957	Agustín Muñoz Grandes	† July 11, 1970	Ad honorem Minister of the Army (1951-1957) Deputy Prime Minister (1962-1967)
March 23, 1962	Fidel Dávila Arrondo	† March 22, 1962	Ad honorem President of the State Technical Board (1936-1937)^{[note 6]} Minister of the National Defence (1937-1939)^{[note 5]} Minister of the Army (1945-1951)
October 29, 1969	Camilo Alonso Vega	† July 1, 1971	Ad honorem Minister of Interior (1957-1969)
November 20, 1975^[4]^{[note 7]}	King Juan Carlos I	Active until 19 June 2014. (Abdication)	Ex officio Retired since 19 June 2014 Captain General of the Navy and the Air Force
July 24, 1994	Manuel Gutiérrez Mellado, 1st Marquis Gutiérrez-Mellado	† December 15, 1995	Ad honorem Minister of Defence (1977-1979) Deputy Prime Minister for Defence (1976-1981)
June 19, 2014	King Felipe VI	Present	Ex officio Captain General of the Navy and the Air Force

Notes

↑ He abdicated on 6 May 1808 and kept under guard in France. Restored in 1814.
↑ Accession of King Amadeo.
↑ On 14 April 1931 Alfonso XIII renounced as head of state but did not formally abdicate.
↑ Named himself.
1 2 3 At Civil War until 1 April 1939.
↑ At Civil War.
↑ Monarch since 22 November 1975.

References

List of captain generals of the Spanish Army ASAVE (In Spanish)
Guaita Martorell, Aurelio. Capitanes y capitanías generales. Revista de historia militar, ISSN 0482-5748, Nº 65, 1988, pp. 125–172.

↑ Francisco de Asís de Borbón. Biografías y vidas. Accessed 13 February 2017.
↑ Ramón Cabrera y Griñó (1806-1877). Base documental d'Història Contemporània de Catalunya.. Acceded 12 January 2017
↑ Royal Decree of the Ministry of War 7 April 1907. Gaceta de Madrid
↑ Decree 16/1975, 20 November, por el que se promueve al empleo de Capitán General de los Ejércitos de Tierra, Mar y Aire a S. A. R. el Príncipe de España. Spanish Official Gazette

NATO code	OF-10	OF-9	OF-8	OF-7	OF-6	OF-5	OF-4	OF-3	OF-2	OF-1		OF(D)	Student officer
Spain (Edit)
Spain (Edit)	Capitán general^[1]	General de Ejército	Teniente general	General de división	General de brigada	Coronel	Teniente coronel	Comandante	Capitán	Teniente	Alférez	Caballero Alférez Cadete	Alumno repetidor	Alumno 2º	Alumno 1º
¹ Retained by His Majesty the King of Spain as his constitutional role.

NATO Code	OR-9						OR-8		OR-7		OR-6						OR-5						OR-4				OR-3		OR-2						OR-1
Spain (Edit)
Spain (Edit)	Suboficial mayor			Subteniente			Brigada		Sargento primero		Sargento						Cabo mayor						Cabo primero				Cabo		Soldado de primera						Soldado

↑ The King only

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] He abdicated on 6 May 1808 and kept under guard in France. Restored in 1814.

[3] Accession of King Amadeo.

[5] On 14 April 1931 Alfonso XIII renounced as head of state but did not formally abdicate.

[7] Named himself.

[guerrafecha-8] 1 2 3 At Civil War until 1 April 1939.

[9] At Civil War.

[11] Monarch since 22 November 1975.

[2] Francisco de Asís de Borbón. Biografías y vidas. Accessed 13 February 2017.

[4] Ramón Cabrera y Griñó (1806-1877). Base documental d'Història Contemporània de Catalunya.. Acceded 12 January 2017

[6] Royal Decree of the Ministry of War 7 April 1907. Gaceta de Madrid

[10] Decree 16/1975, 20 November, por el que se promueve al empleo de Capitán General de los Ejércitos de Tierra, Mar y Aire a S. A. R. el Príncipe de España. Spanish Official Gazette

[King-12] The King only

Captain general of the Army

See also

Notes

References