Capnodis

Capnodis
Capnodis cariosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Suborder:	Polyphaga
Superfamily:	Buprestoidea
Family:	Buprestidae
Genus:	Capnodis Eschscholtz, 1829

Capnodis is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, containing the following species:^[1] It occurs in steppe regions and places in the forest-steppe of Russia. It damages plum, cherry, cherry, peach, apricot, almond, thorn, as well as hawthorn and pear.

Beetle length 27–29 mm, black, matte; Pronotum transverse, slightly wider than elytra, covered with white wax coating; antennae short; elytra with a number of points, wedge-shaped narrowed back; abdomen in scattered large points, almost naked.

Egg measuring 1.5-1.0 mm, white, elliptical. The larva has completed development, up to 60–70 mm, yellow-white with a strongly widened anterior thoracic segment. Pupa length 26–28 mm, creamy, with clearly marked rudiments of an adult insect.

Wintering larvae that have completed development, in the oval chambers gnawed in the wood, located near the root neck. The chamber is covered from above with a layer of bark. The small number of beetles also hibernates in the surface layer of the soil. In late May - early June, when the soil is warmed to 20 °C, the larvae pupate.

After 10–12 days go bugs that rise in the crown of trees and begin additional food. They gnaw or bite the petioles of leaves, gnaw out the buds, gnaw on the bark of shoots, showing special activity on sunny and hot days. Bugs fly from mid-May to July. Live long (the female can live up to 370 days), sometimes winter. After mating, the female penetrates into the soil and lays eggs one by one in the folds of the cortex in the region of the root neck. The average fertility is 120 eggs. Optimum conditions for development - +27 ° С and relative humidity of air 60-66%. An increase in air humidity of more than 70-80% leads to mass death of eggs, reaching 90%.

Embryonic development lasts 10–15 days. The regenerated larvae penetrate the root of the roots, preferring roots 0.5–3 cm in diameter, where for two seasons they gnaw through wide passages, choking them with drilling flours. Feeding of larvae of cambium and root wood often leads to the death of young trees. Black grass is especially dangerous in nurseries and young gardens. The generation is two years old. The trunks and branches of the fruit crops inhabit the pear groove.

Eggs and larvae of the zlatka are destroyed by beetles, earwigs and other arthropods. On the black girdle parasitizes tachin, which in some years infects up to 30-40% of the pest

Protection measures. Regular irrigation, which causes the death of eggs, and also contributes to a significant allocation of gum trees, in which larvae die. The economic threshold of damage is an average of two beetles per tree when 10% of the trees are populated. In case of its exceeding - spraying with insecticides at the beginning of mass settlement of trees.

• Capnodis anthracina (Fischer von Waldheim, 1830)
• Capnodis antiqua Heer, 1847
• Capnodis carbonaria (Klug, 1829)
• Capnodis cariosa (Pallas, 1776)
• Capnodis excisa Menetries, 1849
• Capnodis henningii (Faldermann, 1835)
• Capnodis indica Thomson, 1879
• Capnodis jacobsoni Richter, 1952
• Capnodis marquardti Reitter, 1913
• Capnodis miliaris (Klug, 1829)
• Capnodis parumstriata Ballion, 1871
• Capnodis porosa (Klug, 1829)
• Capnodis puncticollis Heer, 1847
• Capnodis semisuturalis Marseul, 1865
• Capnodis sexmaculata Ballion, 1871
• Capnodis spectabilis Heer, 1862
• Capnodis tenebricosa (Olivier, 1790)
• Capnodis tenebrionis (Linnaeus, 1761)

References