Cañadón Asfalto Formation

Cañadón Asfalto Formation
Stratigraphic range: Mid Toarcian-Bajocian
~178–168 Ma

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Cañadón Asfalto Formation; Stratigraphic range: Mid Toarcian-Bajocian; ~178–168 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Formation map and location
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Sierra de Olte Group
Sub-units	Las Chacritas Member, ? Puesto Almada Member
Underlies	Cañadón Calcáreo Formation
Overlies	Lonco Trapial Formation
Thickness	600 m (2,000 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Sandstone
Other	Limestone, shale, conglomerate, tuffite
Location
Coordinates	43°24′S 69°12′W / 43.4°S 69.2°WCoordinates: 43°24′S 69°12′W / 43.4°S 69.2°W
Approximate paleocoordinates	40°30′S 29°18′W / 40.5°S 29.3°W
Region	Chubut Province,; Patagonia
Country	Argentina
Extent	Cañadón Asfalto Basin

The Cañadón Asfalto Formation is a Early Jurassic to Middle Jurassic geologic formation, from the Jurassic period of the Mesozoic Era. It was formerly thought to be Mid to Late Jurassic in age, but Uranium-Lead dating of the volcanic tuff beds have revised the age to the mid Toarcian to sometime in the Mid Jurassic, probably the Bajocian.^[1]

It is located in the Cañadón Asfalto Basin, a rift basin in Chubut Province of northwestern Patagonia, in southern Argentina.^[2] The basin started forming in the earliest Jurassic.^[3]

It is composed of fluvial-lacustrine deposits, typically sandstones and shales with a saline paleolake carbonate evaporitic sequence of limestone in its lowest Las Chacritas Member.^[2]^[4] Interbedded with these are volcanic tuffites. It is divided into two members, the Las Chacritas Member, and the overlying Puesto Almada member, but the latter has also been assigned to the overlying Cañadón Calcáreo Formation by other authors.^[5]

According to a palynological study the dominant pollen was produced by the conifer families Cheirolepidiaceae (Classopollis) and Araucariaceae (mainly Araucariacites and Callialasporites), suggesting that warm-temperate and relatively humid conditions under highly seasonal climate prevailed during the depositional times of the unit. The abundance of Botryococcus supports the presence of a shallow lake with probably saline conditions.^[6]

Vertebrate fauna

Amphibians

Amphibians reported from the Cañadon Asfalto Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Notobatrachus	N. degiustoi	Patagonia	Cañadon Bagual	Many articulated, mostly complete skeletons.^[7]	Can be distinguished from N. reigsi by features of the skull.
Notobatrachus	N. reigsi	Patagonia	Cañadon Bagual	Most of a partially articulated skeleton and skull.^[7]	Can be distinguished from N. degiustoi by features of the skull.

Turtles

Turtles reported from the Cañadon Asfalto Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Condorchelys	C. antiqua	Patagonia	Queso Rallado	Most of a skull, carapace, and plastron.^[7]	A stem turtle outside both extant groups.

Pterosaurs

Amphibians reported from the Cañadón Asfalto Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Allkaruen	A. koi	Patagonia	Canadón Carrizal	A braincase, as well as a mandible and cervical vertebrae.^[8]

Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs reported from the Cañadón Asfalto Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Condorraptor	C. currumili	Central Patagonia	La Chacritas	Partial articulated skeleton.^[9]	A relative of Piatnitzkysaurus from the same formation, and a possible junior synonym of it as well.^[10]
Eoabelisaurus	E. mefi	Central Patagonia	Jugo Luco	A nearly complete articulated skeleton.^[11]	A primitive abelisaurian about 6 to 6.5 m (20 to 21 ft) long.
Manidens	M. condorensis	Central Patagonia	Queso Rallado	Partial articulated specimen.^[12]	A primitive and small heterodontosaurid.
Patagosaurus	P. fariasi	Central Patagonia	Cerro Condor	Many specimens, including a partial skull.^[13]	A non-neosauropodan eusauropodan, one of three from the formation.
Piatnitzkysaurus	P. floresi			Two "fragmentary skulls with associated postcranium."^[14]	Possible senior synonym of Condorraptor from the same formation.^[10]
Volkheimeria	V. chubutensis			"Partial skeleton consisting of presacral and sacral vertebrae, pelvis, [and] hindlimb."^[15]

Mammals

Mammals reported from the Cañadón Asfalto Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Argentoconodon	A. fariasorum	Patagonia	Queso Rallado	Jaws and several post-cranial elements.^[16]	A volaticotherian.
Asfaltomylos	A. patagonicus	Patagonia	Queso Rallado	Dental remains.^[7]	Related to Henosferus in Henosferidae.
Henosferus	H. molus	Patagonia	Queso Rallado	Dental remains.^[7]	Related to Asfaltomylos in Henosferidae.
Condorodon	C. spanios	Patagonia	Queso Rallado	Dental remains.	An "amphilestid".^[17]

Plant remains

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes
Baculatisporites	B. comaumensis	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Spores.^[18]	Spores from the family Osmundaceae.
Dictyophyllidites	D. sp.	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Spores.^[18]	Spores of the family Osmundaceae.
Nevesisporites	N. cf. radiatus	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Spores.^[18]	Spores of the group Bryophyta.
cf. Rugulatisporites	cf. R. sp.	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Spores.^[18]	Spores of the family Osmundaceae.
Alisporites	A. similis	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Pollen.^[18]	Pollen of the family Caytoniaceae.
Alisporites	A. sp.	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Pollen.^[18]	Pollen of the family Caytoniaceae.
Araucariacites	A. australis	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Pollen.^[18]	Pollen of the family Araucariaceae.
Araucariacites	A. fissus	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Pollen.^[18]	Pollen of the family Araucariaceae.
Callialasporites	C. dampieri	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Pollen.^[18]	Pollen of the family Araucariaceae.
	C. microvelatus	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Pollen.^[18]	Pollen of the family Araucariaceae.
	C. turbatus	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Pollen.^[18]	Pollen of the family Araucariaceae.
Cerebropollenites	C. macroverrucosus	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Pollen.^[18]	Pollen of the family Taxodiaceae.
Classopollis	C. classoides	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Pollen.^[18]	Pollen of the family Cheirolepidiaceae.
	C. intrareticulatus	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Pollen.^[18]	Pollen of the family Cheirolepidiaceae.
	C. simplex	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Pollen.^[18]	Pollen of the family Cheirolepidiaceae.
Exesipollenites	E. sp.	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Pollen.^[18]	Pollen of the family Cheirolepidiaceae.
Perinopollenites	P. elatoides	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Pollen.^[18]	Pollen of the family Podocarpaceae.
Phrixipollenites	P. sp.	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Pollen.^[18]	Pollen of the family Podocarpaceae.
Podocarpadites	P. verrucosus	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Pollen.^[18]	Pollen of the family Podocarpaceae.
Podocarpadites	P. sp.	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Pollen.^[18]	Pollen of the family Podocarpaceae.
Microcachryidites	M. castellanosii	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Pollen.^[18]	Pollen of the family Podocarpaceae.
Botryococcus	B. sp.	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Algae.^[18]	Algae of the family Botryococcaceae.
Ovoidites	O. spp.	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Algae.^[18]	Algae of the family Zygnemataceae.
Leiosphaeridia	L. sp.	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Algae.^[18]	Algae of the family Prasinophyceae.
Equisetites	E. approximatus	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Plants.^[18]	Plants of the group Equisetales.
Cladophlebis	C. grahami	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Plants.^[18]	Plants of the family Osmundaceae.
Sphenopteris	S. patagonica	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Plants.^[18]	Plants of the group Filicales.
Sphenopteris	S. hallei	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Plants.^[18]	Plants of the group Filicales.
Scleropteris	S. furcata	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Plants.^[18]	Plants of the group Pteridospermata.
Araucaritites	A. chuchensis	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Plants.^[18]	Plants of the family Araucariaceae.
Pagiophyllum	P. divaricatum	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Plants.^[18]	Plants of the family Araucariaceae.
Pagiophyllum	P. fiestmantelli	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Plants.^[18]	Plants of the family Araucariaceae.
Elatoclaudus	E. conferta	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Plants.^[18]	Plants of the family Podocarpaceae.
Elatoclaudus	E. jabalpurensis	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahincó	Plants.^[18]	Plants of the family Podocarpaceae.
Athrotaxis	A. ungeri	Central Patagonia	Cañadon Lahuincó	Plants.^[18]	Plants of the family Taxodiaceae.

References

↑ Cúneo, Rubén; Ramezani, Jahandar; Scasso, Roberto; Pol, Diego; Escapa, Ignacio; Zavattieri, Ana M.; Bowring, Samuel A. (2013-11). "High-precision U–Pb geochronology and a new chronostratigraphy for the Cañadón Asfalto Basin, Chubut, central Patagonia: Implications for terrestrial faunal and floral evolution in Jurassic". Gondwana Research. 24 (3–4): 1267–1275. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2013.01.010. ISSN 1342-937X. Check date values in: |date= (help)
1 2 Cabaleri, Nora G.; Benavente, Cecilia A. (2013). "Sedimentology and paleoenvironments of the Las Chacritas carbonate paleolake, Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Jurassic), Patagonia, Argentina". Sedimentary Geology. 284-285: 91–105. doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.11.008.
↑ Figari et al., 2015, p.142
↑ Researchgate.net: "The palynology of the Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Jurassic), Cerro Cóndor depocentre, Cañadón Asfalto Basin, Patagonia, Argentina: Palaeoecology and palaeoclimate based on ecogroup analysis"
↑ Rauhut, Oliver W. M.; Pol, Diego (2017-11). "A Theropod Dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Cañadón Calcáreo Formation of Central Patagonia, and the Evolution of the Theropod Tarsus". Ameghiniana. 54 (5): 539–566. doi:10.5710/amgh.12.10.2017.3105. ISSN 0002-7014. Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ Olivera, Daniela; Zavattieri, Ana; Quattrocchio, Mirta (2015-03-11). The palynology of the Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Jurassic), Cerro Cóndor depocentre, Cañadón Asfalto Basin, Patagonia, Argentina: Palaeoecology and palaeoclimate based on ecogroup analysis. 39.
1 2 3 4 5 Escapa, I.H.; Sterli, J.; Pol, D.; Nicoli, L. (2008). "Jurassic Tetrapods and Flora of Cañadon Asfalto Formation in Cerro Cóndor Area, Chubut Province" (PDF). Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina. 63 (4): 613–624.
↑ Codorniú, L.; Carabajal, A.P.; Pol, D.; Unwin, D.; Rauhut, O.W.M (2016). "A Jurassic pterosaur from Patagonia and the origin of the pterodactyloid neurocranium". PeerJ. 4: e2311. doi:10.7717/peerj.2311. PMC 5012331. PMID 27635315.
↑ Rauhut, O.W.M. (2005). "Osteology and relationships of a new theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Patagonia". Palaeontology. 48 (1): 87–110. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2004.00436.x.
1 2 Novas, Fernando (2009). The Age of Dinosaurs in South America. Indiana University Press. p. 118. ISBN 0253352894.
↑ Diego Pol & Oliver W. M. Rauhut (2012). "A Middle Jurassic abelisaurid from Patagonia and the early diversification of theropod dinosaurs". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 279 (1804): 3170–5. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.0660. PMC 3385738. PMID 22628475.
↑ Pol, D.; Rauhut, O.W.M.; Becerra, M. (2011). "A Middle Jurassic heterodontosaurid dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of heterodontosaurids". Naturwissenschaften. 98 (5): 369–379. doi:10.1007/s00114-011-0780-5. PMID 21452054.
↑ Rahut, O.W.M. (2003). "A Dentary of Patagosaurus (Sauropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of Patagonia". Ameghiniana. 40 (3): 425–432. ISSN 0002-7014.
↑ "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 72.
↑ "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 262.
↑ Gaetano, L.C.; Rougier, G.W. (2011). "New materials of Argentoconodon fariasorum (Mammaliaformes, Triconodontidae) from the Jurassic of Argentina and its bearing on triconodont phylogeny". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (4): 829–843. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.589877.
↑ L. C. Gaetano and G. W. Rougier. 2012. First amphilestid from South America: a molariform from the Jurassic Cañadón Asfalto Formation, Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Mammalian Evolution
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Volkheimer, W.; Quattrocchio, M.; Cabaleri, N.; García, V. (2011). "Palynology and paleoenvironment of the Jurassic lacustrine Cañadón Asfalto Formation at Cañadón Lahuincó locality, Chubut Province, Central Patagonia, Argentina". Revista Española de Micropaleontología. 40 (1–2): 77–96. ISSN 0556-655X.

Bibliography

Figari, Eduardo G.; Roberto A. Scasso; Rubén N. Cúneo, and Ignacio Escapa. 2015. Estratigrafía y evolución geológica de la Cuenca de Cañadón Asfalto, Provincia del Chubut, Argentina. Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis 22. 135–169. Accessed 2018-09-10.
Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.

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[1] Cúneo, Rubén; Ramezani, Jahandar; Scasso, Roberto; Pol, Diego; Escapa, Ignacio; Zavattieri, Ana M.; Bowring, Samuel A. (2013-11). "High-precision U–Pb geochronology and a new chronostratigraphy for the Cañadón Asfalto Basin, Chubut, central Patagonia: Implications for terrestrial faunal and floral evolution in Jurassic". Gondwana Research. 24 (3–4): 1267–1275. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2013.01.010. ISSN 1342-937X. Check date values in: |date= (help)

[sciencedirect-2] 1 2 Cabaleri, Nora G.; Benavente, Cecilia A. (2013). "Sedimentology and paleoenvironments of the Las Chacritas carbonate paleolake, Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Jurassic), Patagonia, Argentina". Sedimentary Geology. 284-285: 91–105. doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.11.008.

[Figari2015_p142-3] Figari et al., 2015, p.142

[4] Researchgate.net: "The palynology of the Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Jurassic), Cerro Cóndor depocentre, Cañadón Asfalto Basin, Patagonia, Argentina: Palaeoecology and palaeoclimate based on ecogroup analysis"

[5] Rauhut, Oliver W. M.; Pol, Diego (2017-11). "A Theropod Dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Cañadón Calcáreo Formation of Central Patagonia, and the Evolution of the Theropod Tarsus". Ameghiniana. 54 (5): 539–566. doi:10.5710/amgh.12.10.2017.3105. ISSN 0002-7014. Check date values in: |date= (help)

[6] Olivera, Daniela; Zavattieri, Ana; Quattrocchio, Mirta (2015-03-11). The palynology of the Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Jurassic), Cerro Cóndor depocentre, Cañadón Asfalto Basin, Patagonia, Argentina: Palaeoecology and palaeoclimate based on ecogroup analysis. 39.

[escapaetal2008-7] 1 2 3 4 5 Escapa, I.H.; Sterli, J.; Pol, D.; Nicoli, L. (2008). "Jurassic Tetrapods and Flora of Cañadon Asfalto Formation in Cerro Cóndor Area, Chubut Province" (PDF). Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina. 63 (4): 613–624.

[codorniu2016-8] Codorniú, L.; Carabajal, A.P.; Pol, D.; Unwin, D.; Rauhut, O.W.M (2016). "A Jurassic pterosaur from Patagonia and the origin of the pterodactyloid neurocranium". PeerJ. 4: e2311. doi:10.7717/peerj.2311. PMC 5012331. PMID 27635315.

[rauhut2005-9] Rauhut, O.W.M. (2005). "Osteology and relationships of a new theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Patagonia". Palaeontology. 48 (1): 87–110. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2004.00436.x.

[novas2009-10] 1 2 Novas, Fernando (2009). The Age of Dinosaurs in South America. Indiana University Press. p. 118. ISBN 0253352894.

[pol&rahut2012-11] Diego Pol & Oliver W. M. Rauhut (2012). "A Middle Jurassic abelisaurid from Patagonia and the early diversification of theropod dinosaurs". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 279 (1804): 3170–5. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.0660. PMC 3385738. PMID 22628475.

[poletal2011-12] Pol, D.; Rauhut, O.W.M.; Becerra, M. (2011). "A Middle Jurassic heterodontosaurid dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of heterodontosaurids". Naturwissenschaften. 98 (5): 369–379. doi:10.1007/s00114-011-0780-5. PMID 21452054.

[rahut2003-13] Rahut, O.W.M. (2003). "A Dentary of Patagosaurus (Sauropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of Patagonia". Ameghiniana. 40 (3): 425–432. ISSN 0002-7014.

[table-4-1-72-14] "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 72.

[table-13-1-262-15] "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 262.

[16] Gaetano, L.C.; Rougier, G.W. (2011). "New materials of Argentoconodon fariasorum (Mammaliaformes, Triconodontidae) from the Jurassic of Argentina and its bearing on triconodont phylogeny". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (4): 829–843. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.589877.

[17] L. C. Gaetano and G. W. Rougier. 2012. First amphilestid from South America: a molariform from the Jurassic Cañadón Asfalto Formation, Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Mammalian Evolution

[volkheimeretal2011-18] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Volkheimer, W.; Quattrocchio, M.; Cabaleri, N.; García, V. (2011). "Palynology and paleoenvironment of the Jurassic lacustrine Cañadón Asfalto Formation at Cañadón Lahuincó locality, Chubut Province, Central Patagonia, Argentina". Revista Española de Micropaleontología. 40 (1–2): 77–96. ISSN 0556-655X.