List of Governors General of Canada
The following is a list of the governors and Governors General of Canada. Though the present-day office of the Governor General of Canada is legislatively covered under the Constitution Act, 1867, and legally constituted by the Letters Patent, 1947, the institution is, along with the institution of the Crown it represents, the oldest continuous and uniquely Canadian institution in Canada, having existed in an unbroken line since the appointment of Samuel de Champlain in 1627.[1]
Viceroys of Canada, 1541–1627
# | Name | Image | Viceroy from | Viceroy until |
---|---|---|---|---|
Under Francis I (1541–1547) | ||||
1 | Jean-François de la Roque[2][3] | 1541 | 1543 | |
Under Henry III (1574–1589) | ||||
2 | Troillus des Mesgoüets[2][4] | 1578 | ? | |
Under Henry IV (1589–1610) | ||||
↓ | Troillus des Mesgoüets (continued) |
1598 | ? | |
3 | Aymar de Chaste | 1602 | 1603 | |
Under Louis XIII (1610–1627) | ||||
4 | Henri, Prince of Condé[5] | 1614 | 1619 | |
5 | Henri II de Montmorency[6] | 1619 | 1625 | |
6 | Henri de Lévis de Ventadour[7] | 1625 | 1627 |
Governors of New France, 1627–1663
# | Name | Image | Governor from | Governor until |
---|---|---|---|---|
Under Louis XIII (1627–1643) | ||||
1 | Samuel de Champlain (1574–1635) |
1627 | 1635 | |
2 | Charles de Montmagny (c. 1599-1654) |
1635 | → | |
Under Louis XIV (1643–1663) | ||||
↓ | Charles de Montmagny (continued) |
← | 1648 | |
3 | Louis d'Ailleboust de Coulonge (c. 1612–1660) |
1648 | 1651 | |
4 | Jean de Lauson (1584–1666) |
1651 | 1657 | |
5 | Le vicompte de Mouzay (c. 1599–1654) |
1658 | 1661 | |
6 | Le baron d'Avaugour (1625–1709) |
1661 | 1663 |
Governors General of New France, 1663–1760
# | Name | Image | Governor from | Governor until |
---|---|---|---|---|
Under Louis XIV (1663–1715) | ||||
7 | Augustin de Saffray de Mésy (1598–1665) |
1663 | 1665 | |
8 | Daniel de Rémy de Courcelle (1626–1698) |
1665 | 1672 | |
9 | Le comte de Frontenac et de Palluau (1622–1698) (first time) |
1672 | 1682 | |
10 | Joseph-Antoine de La Barre (1622–1688) |
1682 | 1685 | |
11 | Le marquis de Denonville (1637–1710) |
1685 | 1689 | |
9 | Le comte de Frontenac (1622–1698) (second time) |
1689 | 1698 | |
12 | Louis-Hector de Callière (1648–1703) |
1698 | 1703 | |
13 | Le marquis de Vaudreuil (c. 1643–1725) |
1703 | → | |
Under Louis XV (1715–1760) | ||||
↓ | Le marquis de Vaudreuil (continued) |
← | 1725 | |
14 | Le marquis de Beauharnois (1671–1749) |
1725 | 1747 | |
15 | Le comte de La Galissonnière (1693–1756) |
1747 | 1749 | |
16 | Le marquis de la Jonquière (1685–1752) |
1749 | 1752 | |
17 | Le marquis du Quesne (c. 1700–1778) |
1752 | 1755 | |
18 | Le marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal (1698–1778) |
1755 | 1760 |
Governors of the Province of Quebec, 1760–1786
# | Name | Image | Governor from | Governor until |
---|---|---|---|---|
Under George III (1760–1786) | ||||
19 | Sir Jeffery Amherst (1717–1797) |
1760 | 1763 | |
20 | James Murray (1721–1794) |
1764 | 1768 | |
21 | Sir Guy Carleton KB (1724–1808) |
1768 | 1778 | |
22 | Sir Frederick Haldimand KB (1718–1791) |
1778 | 1786 |
Governors-in-Chief/Governors General of the Canadas, 1786–1841
# | Name | Image | Governor from | Governor until |
---|---|---|---|---|
Under George III (1786–1820) | ||||
23 | The Lord Dorchester KB (1724–1808) |
1786 | 1796 | |
24 | Robert Prescott (c. 1726–1815) |
1796 | 1799 | |
25 | Sir Robert Milnes (1754–1837) |
1799 | → | |
↓ | Sir Robert Milnes (continued) |
← | 1805 | |
26 | Thomas Dunn (1729–1818) |
1805 | 1807 | |
27 | Sir James Henry Craig KB (1748–1812) |
1807 | 1811 | |
28 | Sir George Prévost Bt (1767–1816) |
1811 | 1815 | |
29 | Sir Gordon Drummond (1767–1816) |
1815 | 1816 | |
30 | Sir John Coape Sherbrooke (1764–1830) |
1816 | 1818 | |
31 | The Duke of Richmond KG PC (1764–1819) |
1818 | 1819 | |
Under George IV (1820–1830) | ||||
32 | The Earl of Dalhousie GCB (1770–1838) |
1820 | 1828 | |
33 | Sir James Kempt GCB (c. 1765–1854) |
1828 | 1830 | |
Under William IV (1830–1837) | ||||
34 | The Lord Aylmer (1775–1850) |
1830 | 1835 | |
35 | The Earl of Gosford GCB (1776–1849) |
1835 | 1837 | |
Under Victoria (1837–1841) | ||||
36 | Sir John Colborne GCB GCMG GCH AdC(P) (1778–1863) |
1837 | 1838 | |
37 | The Earl of Durham (1792–1840) |
1838 | 1839 | |
38 | The Lord Sydenham PC (1799–1841) |
1839 | 1841 |
Governors General of the Province of Canada, 1841–1867
# | Name | Image | Governor from | Governor until |
---|---|---|---|---|
Under Victoria (1841–1867) | ||||
↓ | The Lord Sydenham (continued) |
1841 | ||
39 | Sir Charles Bagot (1781–1843) |
1842 | 1843 | |
40 | Sir Charles Metcalfe Bt PC (1785–1844) |
1843 | 1845 | |
41 | The Earl Cathcart GCB (1783–1859) |
1846 | 1847 | |
42 | The Earl of Elgin and Kincardine PC GCB (1811–1863) |
1847 | 1854 | |
43 | Sir Edmund Walker Head Bt KCB (1805–1868) |
1854 | 1861 | |
44 | The Viscount Monck PC GCMG (1819–1894) |
1861 | 1867 |
Governors General of Canada, 1867–present
# | # | Name | Image | Governor from | Governor until | Prime Minister | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Under Victoria (1867–1901) | |||||||
↓ | 1 | The Viscount Monck (continued) |
1 July 1867 | 14 November 1868 | Macdonald | ||
45 | 2 | The Lord Lisgar GCMG GCB PC (1807–1876) |
2 February 1869 | 25 June 1872 | Macdonald | ||
46 | 3 | The Earl of Dufferin KP GCB GCMG PC (1826–1902) |
25 June 1872 | 25 November 1878 | Macdonald Mackenzie Macdonald | ||
47 | 4 | The Marquess of Lorne KG KT GCMG GCVO PC (1845–1914) |
25 November 1878 | 23 October 1883 | Macdonald | ||
48 | 5 | The Marquess of Lansdowne KG GCMG PC (1845–1927) |
23 October 1883 | 11 June 1888 | Macdonald | ||
49 | 6 | The Lord Stanley of Preston KG GCB GCVO PC (1841–1908) |
11 June 1888 | 18 September 1893 | Macdonald Abbott Thompson | ||
50 | 7 | The Earl of Aberdeen KT GCMG GCVO PC (1847–1934) |
18 September 1893 | 12 November 1898 | Thompson Bowell Tupper Laurier | ||
51 | 8 | The Earl of Minto KG GCMG PC (1845–1914) |
12 November 1898 | → | Laurier | ||
Under Edward VII (1901–1910) | |||||||
↓ | ↓ | The Earl of Minto (continued) |
← | 10 December 1904 | Laurier | ||
52 | 9 | The Earl Grey GCMG GCVO PC (1851–1917) |
10 December 1904 | → | Laurier | ||
Under George V (1910–1931) | |||||||
↓ | ↓ | The Earl Grey (continued) |
← | 13 October 1911 | Laurier Borden | ||
53 | 10 | The Duke of Connaught and Strathearn KG KT KP GCB GCSI GCMG GCIE GCVO GBE TD PC ADC(P) (1850–1942) |
13 October 1911 | 11 November 1916 | Borden | ||
54 | 11 | The Duke of Devonshire KG GCMG GCVO PC JP (1868–1938) |
11 November 1916 | 11 August 1921 | Borden Meighen | ||
55 | 12 | The Lord Byng of Vimy GCB GCMG MVO (1862–1935) |
11 August 1921 | 2 October 1926 | Meighen King Meighen King | ||
56 | 13 | The Viscount Willingdon GCSI GCMG GCIE GBE PC (1866–1941) |
2 October 1926 | 4 April 1931 | King Bennett | ||
57 | 14 | The Earl of Bessborough GCMG PC (1880–1956) |
4 April 1931 | → | Bennett | ||
↓ | ↓ | The Earl of Bessborough (continued) |
← | 2 November 1935 | Bennett King | ||
58 | 15 | The Lord Tweedsmuir GCMG GCVO CH PC (1875–1940) |
2 November 1935 | → | King | ||
Under Edward VIII (1936) | |||||||
↓ | ↓ | The Lord Tweedsmuir (continued) |
← | → | King | ||
Under George VI (1936–1952) | |||||||
↓ | ↓ | The Lord Tweedsmuir (continued) |
← | 11 February 1940 | King | ||
59 | 16 | The Earl of Athlone KG GCB GCMG GCVO DSO PC ADC(P) FRS (1874–1957) |
21 June 1940 | 12 April 1946 | King | ||
60 | 17 | The Viscount Alexander of Tunis KG GCB OM GCMG CSI DSO MC CD PC PC (1891–1969) |
12 April 1946 | → | King St. Laurent | ||
Under Elizabeth II (1952–present) | |||||||
↓ | ↓ | The Viscount Alexander of Tunis (continued) |
← | 28 February 1952 | St. Laurent | ||
61 | 18 | Vincent Massey PC CH CD FRSC(hon) (1887–1967) |
28 February 1952 | 15 September 1959 | St. Laurent Diefenbaker | ||
62 | 19 | Georges Vanier PC DSO MC* CD (1888–1967) |
15 September 1959 | 5 March 1967 | Diefenbaker Pearson | ||
63 | 20 | Roland Michener PC CC CMM CD QC FRHSC (1900–1991) |
17 April 1967 | 14 January 1974 | Pearson P. E. Trudeau | ||
64 | 21 | Jules Léger CC CMM CD (1913–1980) |
14 January 1974 | 22 January 1979 | P. E. Trudeau | ||
65 [8] |
22 | Edward Schreyer CC CMM CD (b. 1935) |
22 January 1979 | 14 May 1984 | P. E. Trudeau Clark P. E. Trudeau | ||
66 | 23 | Jeanne Sauvé PC CC CMM CD (1922–1993) |
14 May 1984 | 29 January 1990 | P. E. Trudeau Turner Mulroney | ||
67 | 24 | Ray Hnatyshyn PC CC CMM CD QC FRHSC(hon) (1934–2002) |
29 January 1990 | 8 February 1995 | Mulroney Campbell Chrétien | ||
68 | 25 | Roméo LeBlanc PC CC CMM CD (1928–2009) |
8 February 1995 | 7 October 1999 | Chrétien | ||
69 | 26 | Adrienne Clarkson PC CC CMM COM CD FRSC(hon) FRAIC(hon) FRCPSC(hon) (b. 1939) |
7 October 1999 | 27 September 2005 | Chrétien Martin | ||
70 | 27 | Michaëlle Jean PC CC CMM COM CD FRCPSC(hon) (b. 1957) |
27 September 2005 | 1 October 2010 | Martin Harper | ||
71 | 28 | David Johnston CC CMM COM CD FRSC(hon) FRCPSC(hon) (b. 1941) |
1 October 2010 | 2 October 2017[9] | Harper J. Trudeau | ||
72 | 29 | Julie Payette CC CMM COM OQ (b. 1963) |
2 October 2017[9] | Incumbent | J. Trudeau | ||
Living former Governors-General of Canada
As of October 2017 there are four living former Governors-General of Canada. The most recently deceased Governor-General, Roméo LeBlanc (1995–1999), died on 24 June 2009.
Name | Term of office | Date of birth |
---|---|---|
Edward Schreyer | 1979–1984 | 21 December 1935 |
Adrienne Clarkson | 1999–2005 | 10 February 1939 |
Michaelle Jean | 2005–2010 | 6 September 1957 |
David Johnston | 2010–2017 | 28 June 1941 |
Administrators
The following is a list of Administrators of the Government (and Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada), who were acting governors appointed as the result of the death or prolonged absence of the sitting viceroy, or for any other reason:
# | Name | Image | Date | Reason |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Sir Lyman Poore Duff Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada |
1931 | Served between the departure of the Earl of Bessborough for India and the arrival of the Lord Tweedsmuir. | |
1 | Sir Lyman Poore Duff Chief Justice of Canada |
1940 | Served following the death of the Lord Tweedsmuir and the arrival of Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone | |
2 | Thibaudeau Rinfret Chief Justice of Canada |
1952 | Served after the appointment of the Earl Alexander of Tunis to the British Cabinet until the appointment of Vincent Massey as his successor. | |
3 | Robert Taschereau Chief Justice of Canada |
1967 | Served following the death of Georges Vanier and appointment of Roland Michener as his successor. | |
4 | Beverley McLachlin Chief Justice of Canada |
2005 | Served for several weeks in July, while Adrienne Clarkson was hospitalized for heart surgery. | |
5 | John C. Major Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada |
2005 | Served on behalf of Adrienne Clarkson, from the morning of 27 September until the installation of Michaëlle Jean the same day.[10] |
See also
- Governors General of Canada timeline
- List of viceregal consorts of Canada
- List of Canadian monarchs
- Viceregal eponyms in Canada
- List of vicereines in Canada
Notes
References
- ↑ Department of Canadian Heritage (2015). A Crown of Maples: Constitutional Monarchy in Canada (PDF). Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-100-20079-8.
- 1 2 Senate of Canada. "Canada: A Constitutional Monarchy". Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
- ↑ La Roque de Roquebrune, R. (1966), "La Rocque de Roberval, Jean Francois de", Dictionary of Canadian Biography, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 1, retrieved 18 September 2015
- ↑ Government of Canada. "The Kings and Queens of Canada: The Crown in Canadian History > Henri III (1551–1589)". Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
- ↑ Wrong, George M. (2009), Langton, H. H., ed., The Chronicles of Canada, II: The Rise of New France, Fireship Press, pp. 33–35, ISBN 9781934757451, retrieved 18 September 2015
- ↑ Wrong 2009, p. 35
- ↑ Wrong 2009, p. 51
- ↑ Colour denotes living former governors general
- 1 2 "Incoming Governor General Julie Payette drops attempt to seal U.S. court records". ctvnews.ca. 21 August 2017.
- ↑ Fidelis (2005). "The Installation of the Governor General in 2005: Innovation and Evolution?" (PDF). Canadian Monarchist News. Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. Fall-Winter 2005 (24): 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 8, 2009. Retrieved 15 July 2009.