Campylopus introflexus

Campylopus introflexus
Campylopus introflexus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Bryophyta
Class: Bryopsida
Subclass: Dicranidae
Order: Dicranales
Family: Dicranaceae
Genus: Campylopus
Species: C. introflexus
Binomial name
Campylopus introflexus
World distribution

Campylopus introflexus, the heath star moss[1], is a species of moss. It has a native southern hemisphere distribution in southern South America, southern part of Africa, southern and eastern Australia, and Atlantic and Pacific islands such as New Zealand, New Caledonia and the South Sandwich Islands.

It is a neophyte in Europe and coastal western North America. In some parts of Europe and North America the species has become invasive. It was first discovered in Britain in 1941, and its spread has been well documented since. It was introduced to the Faroe Islands in 1973, the United States in 1975, and British Columbia in 1994. In Europe, it now ranges from Iceland to Spain and from Ireland to Poland. It can be found in a variety of settings, from bogs to dunes to flat roofs, often decalcified habitats. [2]

Individual plants measure 0.5–5 centimetres (0.20–1.97 in), with lanceolate (lance-shaped) leaves 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in). The plants are found in dense mats and are yellowish to olive green.[3] This species will sometimes reproduce asexually by means of stem tips that break off and are distributed by the wind.[4] Multiple sporophytes are often present in one plant. It produces spores of 12–14 µm in size.[3]

Campylopus introflexus is closely related to Campylopus pilifer.[5] The name C. introflexus was used previously for C. pilifer, thus all old references for C. introflexus in North America must be referred to that species.[6]

References

  1. ↑ Edwards, Sean R. (2012). English Names for British Bryophytes. British Bryological Society Special Volume. 5 (4 ed.). Wootton, Northampton: British Bryological Society. ISBN 978-0-9561310-2-7. ISSN 0268-8034.
  2. ↑ Klinck, J. (2009)The alien invasive moss Campylopus introflexus- in the Danish coastal dune system. Master thesis, Department of Biology, Copenhagen University.
  3. 1 2 Jan-Peter Frahm (2002). "Campylopus". In Richard H. Zander. Bryophyte Flora of North America, volume 1.
  4. ↑ Meulen, F. van der, Hagen, H. van der and Kruijsen, B. (1987). Campylopus introflexus. Invasion of a moss in Dutch coastal dunes. – Proceedings of the koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschcappen. Series C. Biological and Medical Sciences 90: 73-80.
  5. ↑ Gama, Renato; Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Jesús; Stech, Michael (2017-10-01). "Ecological niche comparison and molecular phylogeny segregate the invasive moss species Campylopus introflexus (Leucobryaceae, Bryophyta) from its closest relatives". Ecology and Evolution. 7 (19): 8017–8031. doi:10.1002/ece3.3301. ISSN 2045-7758.
  6. ↑ http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242443571
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