Calamaria

Calamaria
Calamaria albiventer
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Order:Squamata
Suborder:Serpentes
Family:Colubridae
Subfamily:Calamariinae
Genus:Calamaria
F. Boie, 1827[1]
Species

60 recognized species, see article.[2][3][4]

Calamaria is a large genus of dwarf burrowing[5] snakes[6] of the family Colubridae. It contains 60 recognized species.[7] They are found in Asia.[8]

Description

Species in the genus Calamaria share the following characteristics. The eight to 11 maxillary teeth are subequal; the anterior mandibular teeth are somewhat longer than the posterior ones. The head is not distinct from neck; the eye is small, with a round pupil; the nostril is pierced in a minute nasal scale. No loreal, internasal, or temporal scales are present; the preocular can be present or absent; the parietals contact the labials. The body is cylindrical, with smooth dorsal scales, without apical pits, in 13 rows. The tail is short; the subcaudals are paired.[9]

Species

  • Calamaria abramovi Orlov, 2009
  • Calamaria abstrusa Inger & Marx, 1965
  • Calamaria acutirostris Boulenger, 1896
  • Calamaria albiventer (Gray, 1834)
  • Calamaria alidae Boulenger, 1920
  • Calamaria apraeocularis M.A. Smith, 1927
  • Calamaria banggaiensis Koch et al.
  • Calamaria battersbyi Inger & Marx, 1965
  • Calamaria bicolor A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854
  • Calamaria bitorques W. Peters, 1872
  • Calamaria boesemani Inger & Marx, 1965
  • Calamaria borneensis Bleeker, 1860
  • Calamaria brongersmai Inger & Marx, 1965
  • Calamaria buchi Marx & Inger, 1955
  • Calamaria butonensis Howard & Gillespie, 2007
  • Calamaria ceramensis De Rooij, 1913
  • Calamaria concolor Orlov et al., 2010
  • Calamaria crassa Lidth de Jeude, 1922
  • Calamaria curta Boulenger, 1896
  • Calamaria doederleini Gough, 1902
  • Calamaria eiselti Inger & Marx, 1965
  • Calamaria everetti Boulenger, 1893
  • Calamaria forcarti Inger & Marx, 1965
  • Calamaria gervaisii A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854
  • Calamaria gialaiensis Ziegler et al., 2008
  • Calamaria grabowskyi J.G. Fischer, 1885
  • Calamaria gracillima (Günther, 1872)
  • Calamaria griswoldi Loveridge, 1938
  • Calamaria hilleniusi Inger & Marx, 1965
  • Calamaria ingeri Grismer, Kaiser & Yaakob, 2004
  • Calamaria javanica Boulenger, 1891
  • Calamaria joloensis Taylor, 1922
  • Calamaria lateralis Mocquard, 1890
  • Calamaria lautensis De Rooij, 1917
  • Calamaria leucogaster Bleeker, 1860
  • Calamaria linnaei F. Boie, 1827
  • Calamaria longirostris Howard & Gillespie, 2007
  • Calamaria lovii Boulenger, 1887
  • Calamaria lumbricoidea F. Boie, 1827
  • Calamaria lumholtzi Andersson, 1923
  • Calamaria margaritophora Bleeker, 1860
  • Calamaria mecheli Schenkel, 1901
  • Calamaria melanota Jan, 1862
  • Calamaria modesta A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854
  • Calamaria muelleri Boulenger, 1896
  • Calamaria nuchalis Boulenger, 1896
  • Calamaria palawanensis Inger & Marx, 1965
  • Calamaria pavimentata A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854
  • Calamaria pfefferi Stejneger, 1901 – Pfeffer's reed snake[10]
  • Calamaria prakkei Lidth de Jeude, 1893
  • Calamaria rebentischi Bleeker, 1860
  • Calamaria sangi Truong, Koch & Ziegler, 2009
  • Calamaria schlegeli A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854 – pink-headed reed snake
  • Calamaria schmidti Marx & Inger, 1955 – Schmidt's reed snake
  • Calamaria septentrionalis Boulenger, 1890
  • Calamaria suluensis Taylor, 1922
  • Calamaria sumatrana Edeling, 1870
  • Calamaria thanhi Ziegler & Quyet, 2005[11]
  • Calamaria ulmeri Sackett, 1940
  • Calamaria virgulata F. Boie, 1827
  • Calamaria yunnanensis Chernov, 1962

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://www.dahmstierleben.de
  2. ↑ Gbif.org
  3. ↑ Wikispecies.
  4. ↑ "Calamaria ". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org
  5. ↑ Ecologyasia.com
  6. ↑ Animaldiversity.Umich.edu
  7. ↑ Biologi.lipi.go.id
  8. ↑ Ecologyasia.com
  9. ↑ Boulenger GA (1894). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xi + 382 pp. + Plates I-XX. (Genus Calamaria, p. 330).
  10. ↑ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Calamaria pfefferi, p. 205).
  11. ↑ Ziegler, Thomas & Le Khac Quyet (2005). "A new species of reed snake, Calamaria (Squamata: Colubridae), from the Central Truong Son (Annamite mountain range), Vietnam" Zootaxa 1042: 27–38.
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