''Caladenia longicauda'' subsp. ''calcigena''

Coastal white spider orchid
C. longicauda supsp. calcigena growing in Perth
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Monocots
Order:Asparagales
Family:Orchidaceae
Subfamily:Orchidoideae
Tribe:Diurideae
Genus:Caladenia
Species: C. longicauda
Subspecies: C. l. subsp. calcigena
Trinomial name
Caladenia longicauda subsp. calcigena
Synonyms[1]

Arachnorchis longicauda subsp. calcigena (Hopper & A.P.Br.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.

Caladenia longicauda subsp. calcigena, commonly known as the coastal white spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single hairy leaf and up to four mostly white flowers. It grows in coastal sand on the west coast and is distinguished from other subspecies growing in the same area, by its longer sepals and petals, small, narrow labellum and by the arrangement of the calli on its labellum.

Description

Caladenia longicauda subsp. calcigena is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single hairy leaf, 80–120 mm (3–5 in) long and 8–12 mm (0.3–0.5 in) wide. Up to four mostly white flowers 100–150 mm (4–6 in) long and 30–80 mm (1–3 in) wide are borne on a spike 250–400 mm (10–20 in) tall. The lateral sepals and petals have long drooping tips. The dorsal sepal is erect and the labellum is mostly white, 16–22 mm (0.6–0.9 in) long and 7–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) with long, narrow teeth on its sides. There are four or more rows of pale red calli in its centre but which become crowded and irregularly arranged near the tip. Flowering occurs from September to October.[2][3][4]

labellum detail

Taxonomy and naming

Caladenia longicauda was first formally described by John Lindley in 1840 and the description was published in A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony.[5] In 2001 Stephen Hopper and Andrew Brown described eleven subspecies, including subspecies calcigena and the descriptions were published in Nuytsia.[1] The subspecies name (calcigena) is a derived from the Latin words calcis meaning “lime",[6]:484 and genus meaning "origin" or "race"[6]:366 referring to the limestone soils in which this orchid grows.[3]

Distribution and habitat

The coastal white spider orchid occurs in the area between Bunbury and Cliff Head near Dongara, in the Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain biogeographic regions where it grows in woodland and heath in sand over limestone.[2][3][4][7]

Conservation

Caladenia longicauda subsp. calcigena is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.[7]

References

  1. 1 2 "Caladenia longicauda subsp. calcigena". APNI. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
  2. 1 2 Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. pp. 62–63. ISBN 1877069124.
  3. 1 2 3 Brown, Andrew; Dundas, Pat; Dixon, Kingsley; Hopper, Stephen (2008). Orchids of Western Australia. Crawley, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press. p. 85. ISBN 9780980296457.
  4. 1 2 Hoffman, Noel; Brown, Andrew (2011). Orchids of South-West Australia (3rd ed.). Gooseberry Hill: Noel Hoffman. p. 96. ISBN 9780646562322.
  5. ↑ "Caladenia longicauda". APNI. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
  6. 1 2 Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  7. 1 2 "Caladenia longicauda subsp. calcigena". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
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