CJK Unified Ideographs (Unicode block)

CJK Unified Ideographs
Range U+4E00..U+9FFF
(20,992 code points)
Plane BMP
Scripts Han
Assigned 20,976 code points
Unused 16 reserved code points
Unicode version history
1.0.1 20,902 (+20,902)
4.1 20,924 (+22)
5.1 20,932 (+8)
5.2 20,940 (+8)
6.1 20,941 (+1)
8.0 20,950 (+9)
10.0 20,971 (+21)
11.0 20,976 (+5)
Note: [1][2]

CJK Unified Ideographs is a Unicode block containing the most common CJK ideographs used in modern Chinese and Japanese.

The block has hundreds of variation sequences defined for standardized variants.[3]

It also has tens of thousands of ideographic variation sequences registered in the Unicode Ideographic Variation Database (IVD).[4][5] These sequences specify the desired glyph variant for a given Unicode character.

This block is otherwise known as URO, abbreviation of Unified Repertoire and Ordering.[6]

History

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the CJK Unified Ideographs block:

VersionFinal code points[lower-alpha 1]CountUTC IDL2 IDWG2 IDIRG IDDocument
1.0.1U+4E00..9FA520,902X3L2/89-153N480Proposal for Creating Unified CJK Han Char Collection, 1989-07-01
X3L2/89-162N492Memo on Unified Han Character Collection, 1989-08-01
X3L2/89-163N493Are Japanese Ideographs Different from Chinese & Korean?, 1989-08-01
X3L2/90-19IN507Coding of ideographic characters in ISO 10646, 1989-09-11
X3L2/90-19CFurther Explanations on HCC (as previously described in 2 N 2046), 1989-11-13
X3L2/90-19DChinese National Position on HCC, 1989-11-13
X3L2/90-19FN508Proposed Rules for Handling the Differences of Similar Hanza/Hanja/Kanji, 1989-11-13
X3L2/90-56AWada, Eiiti (1990-01-30), Letter from Prof. Wada re Han Character Collection
X3L2/90-19F.1N508RProposed Rules for Handling the Differences of Hanza/Hanja/Kanji Similar in Shape
X3L2/90-23Hastings, Tom (1990-02-08), Naming Ideographic Characters in ISO DP 10646
X3L2/90-61DN612Hasegawa, Masami (1990-03-01), Possible solutions to the CJK ideographic character problem
X3L2/90-60AN600Detail Report of the ad hoc (Seoul) meeting of WG2, 1990-03-02
X3L2/90-132N647Arrangement of Characters from China in DIS 10646, 1990-09-07
X3L2/91-1Smith-Yoshimura, Karen (1991-01-02), RLG Position Paper on Han Unification
X3L2/91-16Comments on ISO-IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N669, 1991-01-16
X3L2/91-17Outline Position Han Unification (Draft), 1991-01-16
X3L2/91-45Collins, Lee (1991-03-12), Unified Han Character Set in ISO/IEC DIS 10646
X3L2/93-014Explanatory notes for the Unified Ideographic CJK Characters Repertoire and Ordering V.1.0, 1991-11-29
X3L2/92-173N814Unified CJK Ideographic Character Repertoire & Order V2.0, 1992-04-25
X3L2/93-053N823Zhoucai, Zhang (1992-06-27), A minor change with one Kanji glyph in Unified CJK Ideographs
X3L2/93-052N822Additional Unified Ideographic CJK Characters (HCS-B), 1992-06-29
X3L2/93-012Jenkins, John (1992-09-12), Proposed revision to the unification rules
X3L2/93-013Jenkins, John (1992-10-08), A preliminary examination of a possible composition mechanism for CJK characters
UTC/1993-019Jenkins, John (1993-09-09), Report from EASC to UTC
X3L2/94-084N1006Defect report of J-Column in the CJK Unified Ideographs, 1994-04-05
X3L2/94-109Proposal for ISO/IEC JET1/SC2 Defect Correction Procedures, 1994-06-01
X3L2/94-111N1043N100Koike, T. (1994-07-07), Draft text of ANNEX: Rules of CJK Unified Ideographs
X3L2/94-108Adams, Glenn (1994-09-06), IRG #3 Conclusions
UTC/1991-055Collins, Lee, Disposition of CJK Issues
X3L2/95-105N1257pDAM No. 8 to ISO/IEC 10646-1: New Informative Annex on CJK Ideographs, 1995-09-08
X3L2/95-130N1318Hart, Edwin; Edberg, Peter; Jenkins, John (1995-12-13), US comments on PDAM-8, Informative Annex on CJK Ideographs
X3L2/96-066Kobayashi, Tatsuo (1996-01-26), Proposal for source identifier for CJK ideographs
L2/98-297Matsuoka, Eiji (1996-04-19), ISO 10646-1.2 (Unicode) and Kanji database
UTC/1996-023Hart, Edwin, Source Code Separation Rule
X3L2/96-082N1399ISO/IEC 10646-1 - Amendment #8, 1996-08-15
L2/97-024N1491IRG proposal: Ideographic variant character, 1997-01-19
L2/97-285N1649Paterson, Bruce (1997-09-11), Final text AMD #8 for 10646-1 - procedure for the unification and arrangement of CJK Ideographs
L2/98-138N1769Paterson, Bruce (1998-04-06), Revised Text of ISO 10646-1/FPDAM 13: Amendment 13 - CJK unified ideographs with supplementary sources (page 1, 2, 3 and 438 only)
L2/98-278Kobayashi, Tatsuo (1998-07-30), Sample pages from "Basic Unified Character Set" (BUCS)
L2/99-335N2109N674Zhoucai, Zhang (1999-09-03), SuperCJK, version 9.0 with Kangxi and HYD data
L2/99-385N2144N713RJenkins, John (1999-12-08), Clarification of the Non-Cognate Rule
L2/99-386N2145N715Change in name of HKSAR Hanza source, 1999-12-09
L2/00-289N2247Proposal to Add the Hanja Column of D. R. R. of Korea in ISO/IEC 10646-1 [sic], 2000-08-10
L2/00-291Everson, Michael (2000-08-30), Comments to Korean proposals (L2/00-284 - 289)
L2/00-299N2259Sato, T. K. (2000-09-04), Addition of New Source information on CJK ideographs
L2/01-027N2299N759Zhoucai, Zhang (2000-11-21), SuperCJK 11.1, A Super Set of Unified CJK Ideographs and Its Extension A & B
L2/01-309Jenkins, John (2001-08-08), Variation selectors and Han
L2/01-351N2376Proposal to add the Hanja code tables of D P R of Korea into ISO/IEC 10646-1:2000 (18194 ideographs to CJK Unified Ideographs and its Extension A), 2001-09-03
L2/02-054Whistler, Ken (2002-02-04), Error in Canonical Mapping for U+F951
L2/02-121N2426Ksar, Mike (2002-03-18), Proposal to add 1 Hanja code of D P R of Korea into 10646-1:2000
L2/02-155N2426Proposal to add 1 Hanja code of D P R of Korea into ISO/IEC 10646-1:2000 [duplicate of L2/02-121], 2002-03-18
L2/02-070Moore, Lisa (2002-04-16), Minutes for UTC #90
L2/02-217N2468RConcerns on the VARIATION SELECTORS in ISO/IEC 10646-2, PDAM-1, 2002-05-15
L2/02-415N2517Proposal to add 3 hanja codes of D P R of Korea into 10646-1:2000, 2002-11-01
L2/02-437N2535N956Ideograph Unification, 2002-11-21
L2/02-463N2564Kyongsok, Kim (2002-11-30), 3-way cross-reference tables - KS X 1001, KPS 9566, and UCS
L2/03-016Late DPRK Comments on SC 2 N 3624, 10646-1/FPDAM 2, 2002-12-09
L2/03-197Jenkins, John (2003-06-10), Draft Document to Submit to WG2 on Simplified Chinese
L2/03-285Cook, Richard (2003-08-24), Submission of kHYPLCDPF data for inclusion in Unihan.txt
L2/03-286Cook, Richard (2003-08-24), Han variant issues
L2/03-287Cook, Richard (2003-08-24), 16 UniHan.txt errors
L2/03-288Cook, Richard (2003-08-24), Submission of kGSR data for inclusion in UniHan.txt
L2/03-301Cook, Richard (2003-08-27), 24 more UniHan.txt errors
L2/03-311West, Andrew (2003-09-17), Unicode 4.0.1 Beta Review, comments from Andrew C. West
L2/03-399Fok, Anthony (2003-10-13), Unihan reported errors / changes re kHKSCS entries
L2/03-356R2Moore, Lisa (2003-10-22), "Han Ideographs - Unihan updates", UTC #97 Minutes
L2/03-367N2667Suignard, Michel; Muller, Eric; Jenkins, John (2003-10-22), CJK Ideograph source references corrections
L2/03-398Nguyen, D. (2003-10-29), Unihan reported errors / changes re kCowles
L2/03-413Hiura, Hideki; Kobayashi, Tatsuo; Kida, Yasuo; Muller, Eric; Lunde, Ken; Jenkins, John (2003-10-31), Ideograph Variation Selector and Variation Collection Identifier
L2/03-453Minutes of the Editorial Group Ad Hoc Discussion, 2003-12-17
L2/04-038Jenkins, John (2004-01-28), Status of the Unihan database
L2/04-082Jenkins, John (2004-02-03), A user's guide to the Unihan database
L2/04-138Cook, Richard (2004-04-22), Proposal to add "kHDZRadBreak" to Unihan.txt
L2/04-208N2774RN1064Proposal to add 6 KP source references to existing CJK Unified Ideographs, 2004-05-25
L2/04-186Jenkins, John (2004-06-04), Status of the Unihan database
L2/04-219Muller, Eric (2004-06-06), Registry for Ideographic Variation Sequences
L2/04-336Muller, Eric (2004-08-06), About the registry of Ideographic Variation Sequences
L2/04-373Cook, Richard (2004-11-06), Unencoded CJK Ideographs: Proposal to add kXHC data to Unihan.txt
L2/04-420Muller, Eric (2004-11-18), Report of the Ideographic Variation Sequences ad-hoc
L2/05-227Muller, Eric (2005-08-20), Draft Letter to ISO regarding Ideographic Variation Sequences
L2/06-208Jenkins, John (2006-05-16), Additional Fields for the Unihan 5.0 database
L2/06-108Moore, Lisa (2006-05-25), "Properties - Unihan", UTC #107 Minutes
L2/07-123N3256Upcoming version of the Ideographic Variation Database, 2007-04-24
L2/07-159Jenkins, John (2007-05-10), U-source Database as Versioned Document
L2/07-161Jenkins, John (2007-05-10), UTC Proposed-Ideograph Database
L2/07-172Constable, Peter (2007-05-12), Constraint on Ideographic Variation Selector Sequences
L2/07-327N3359Changing K5 source reference format from K5-dddd to K5-hhhh, 2007-09-24
L2/08-051Jenkins, John (2008-01-28), Splitting Up Unihan.txt
L2/08-052Jenkins, John (2008-01-28), Unihan Frequency Data Derived From Wikimedia
L2/08-109Muller, Eric (2008-02-07), IVD Update and incorporation in Unicode and in ISO/IEC 10646
L2/08-143N3408Suignard, Michel (2008-04-09), Representation of CJK Unified Ideographs in multi-column
L2/08-234N1406Cook, Richard; Bishop, Thomas; Lunde, Ken (2008-06-06), Han Unification Issues
L2/08-281Smith, Joshua J. (2008-08-04), Errors/Inconsistencies in Unihan Database
L2/08-161R2Moore, Lisa (2008-11-05), "CJK - CJK Unified Ideographs in Multi-column Format", UTC #115 Minutes
L2/08-415Davis, Mark (2008-11-05), Simplified and Traditional Mappings in Unihan
L2/08-425Cook, Richard; Lunde, Ken (2008-11-18), IRG Use of IVD Collections
L2/08-430Cook, Richard (2008-12-16), Proposal to correct Unihan property categories
L2/09-030Cook, Richard (2009-01-26), Proposal to publish kHanyuPinyin data in Unihan
L2/09-118Suzuki, Toshiya (2009-04-10), Comparison of UTC and DYC glyph
L2/09-119Suzuki, Toshiya (2009-04-10), Investigation of DYC-source glyphs in UTR #45
L2/09-017Cook, Richard; Davis, Mark; Jenkins, John (2009-05-18), Proposal to publish kRSURadBreak data in Unihan
L2/09-223Davis, Mark (2009-06-11), Unihan organization
L2/09-237Davis, Mark (2009-07-13), Unihan property names
L2/09-225RMoore, Lisa (2009-08-17), "Properties — Unihan property names, Properties — Unihan organization", UTC #120 / L2 #217 Minutes
L2/10-034Member's submission #1 to IRG #34, 2010-01-27
L2/10-035Member's submission #2 to IRG #34, 2010-01-27
L2/10-100N3787Request for disunifying U+2F89F from U+5FF9, 2010-04-07
L2/10-195Suignard, Michel (2010-05-10), CJK Charts
L2/10-205Suignard, Michel (2010-05-13), IRG Source format change
L2/10-211Lunde, Ken (2010-06-16), Adobe-Japan1 IVD Collection: Current Status and Future Directions
L2/10-215Lunde, Ken (2010-06-22), "Hanyo-Denshi" IVD Collection (PRI 167) to Adobe-Japan1-6 Mapping Table
L2/10-218N1666Error report on U+225D6 AND U+2F89F, 2010-06-24
L2/11-032Davis, Mark; Edberg, Peter; Jenkins, John (2011-01-31), Additions to Unihan needed for CLDR
L2/11-016Moore, Lisa (2011-02-15), "Properties — Additions to Unihan needed for CLDR", UTC #126 / L2 #223 Minutes
L2/11-111Lunde, Ken (2011-04-07), Current Status of IVS Support in OSes & Applications
L2/13-017Suignard, Michel (2013-01-24), Unihan data file change
L2/13-018Add tone marks in Unihan kMandarin field for 114 Han characters, 2013-01-25
L2/13-031Jenkins, John (2013-01-28), Changes to kEACC field in Unihan database
L2/13-041Jenkins, John (2013-01-30), Unihan erratum - kMandarin value for U+6535
L2/13-011Moore, Lisa (2013-02-04), "Public Review Issue 243 — Unihan", UTC #134 Minutes
L2/13-147N4436Suignard, Michel (2013-07-18), Proposal to change data format for CJK sources
L2/14-058N4436Suignard, Michel (2014-02-03), Proposal to change data format for CJK sources
L2/15-034Persson, Åke (2015-02-01), Proposed changes in Unihan kMandarin field for 571 Han characters
L2/15-035Persson, Åke (2015-02-01), Proposed changes in Unihan_Readings.txt
L2/15-065Jenkins, John (2015-02-02), Proposal to Add IDS Links to Online Unihan Database
L2/15-070Davis, Mark (2015-02-03), IDS in Unihan
L2/15-036R3Edberg, Peter (2015-05-05), Unified input on proposed changes to Unihan readings
L2/15-150Persson, Åke (2015-05-05), Proposed changes in Unihan kMandarin field for 34 Han characters
L2/15-167Cook, Richard (2015-06-17), Unihan Property Status Report (Unicode 8.0)
L2/15-250Davis, Mark (2015-10-20), Relations between certain Han properties
L2/15-313Lunde, Ken (2015-11-03), Request for IDS Data
L2/15-254Moore, Lisa (2015-11-16), "B.14.5 Relations between certain Han properties", UTC #145 Minutes
4.1U+9FA6..9FBB22L2/03-411Goldsmith, Deborah; Muller, Eric (2003-10-31), Unencoded chars in GB 18030 & HK-SCS
L2/04-161RN2807Suignard, Michel; Muller, Eric; Jenkins, John (2004-06-17), HKSCS and GB 18030 PUA characters, background document
L2/04-263N2808Suignard, Michel (2004-06-17), HKSCS and GB 18030 PUA characters, request for additional characters and related information
L2/16-237Chung, Jaemin (2016-08-15), Forty-one kCangjie values to be added and one kCangjie value to be corrected
5.1U+9FBC..9FC27L2/07-015Moore, Lisa (2007-02-08), "C.20 Addition of seven CJK Unified Ideographs", UTC #110 Minutes
L2/07-067RN3210Lunde, Ken; Muller, Eric (2007-02-08), Addition of seven CJK Unified Ideographs
U+9FC31L2/07-020Whistler, Ken (2007-01-15), Feedback Re Proposal to disunify U+4039, L2/07-010
L2/07-015Moore, Lisa (2007-02-08), "Scripts - CJK Character U+4039", UTC #110 Minutes
L2/07-010N3196R2West, Andrew; Jenkins, John (2007-05-01), Proposal to Disunify U+4039
L2/07-150Whistler, Ken (2007-05-10), "E", WG2 Consent Docket
5.2U+9FC4..9FC63L2/07-387Proposal to encode six CJK Ideographs in UCS, 2007-10-17
L2/08-184N3318RRevised proposal to encode six CJK Ideographs in UCS, 2008-03-25
U+9FC7..9FCB5L2/08-174Six characters to be submitted for inclusion in the BMP, 2008-04-22
L2/08-372N3513N1405RRevised proposal for Six urgently needed characters submitted for inclusion, 2008-06-09
L2/08-361Moore, Lisa (2008-12-02), "117-C20", UTC #117 Minutes
6.1U+9FCC1L2/07-333Lunde, Ken (2007-10-02), Proposal to add twenty-one CJK Unified Ideographs to the UCS
L2/10-212Lunde, Ken (2010-06-16), Proposal to Add Two Ideographs to Extension E
L2/10-228N3885Lunde, Ken (2010-08-24), Proposal to append one CJK Unified Ideograph to the URO
8.0U+9FCD..9FCF3N1967Proposal on 3 China’s UNCs, 2013-11-04
L2/14-082N4508Proposal on 3 China’s UNCs, 2014-03-12
N1988Additional Request for the 3 China’s UNCs, 2014-03-21
L2/14-260Suignard, Michel (2014-10-23), CJK chart and source references update
L2/15-262Disposition of Comments on ISO/IEC CD 10646 (Ed.5), 2015-10-26
U+9FD01L2/14-197N4582N2010Qin, Lu (2014-05-23), Resolutions of IRG Meeting #42
L2/14-260Suignard, Michel (2014-10-23), CJK chart and source references update
U+9FD1..9FD55L2/12-333West, Andrew (2012-10-19), Request to UTC to Propose 226 Characters for Inclusion in CJK Extension F
N1888UTC/US Character Submission for Extension F, 2012-11-08
L2/13-032Jenkins, John (2013-01-28), Proposed Urgently Needed Characters Submission from the UTC to the IRG
N1936UTC/US Urgently-needed Character Submission, 2013-05-20
N1936A-RUTC/US Urgently-needed Character Submission, 2013-05-20
N2005UTC/US Urgently-needed Character Submission, 2014-05-15
10.0U+9FD6..9FE920L2/13-009Shardt, Yuri; Chin, Mitrophan; Andreev, Aleksandr (2013-01-22), Proposal to Encode Chinese Characters Used for Transliterating Slavonic
L2/13-112Anderson, Deborah; Jenkins, John (2013-05-05), Options for handling Proposal for Transliterating Slavonic (L2/13-009)
L2/14-238RN4627Anderson, Deborah (2014-10-17), Response to PDAM2 ballot comments from Great Britain on Chinese Characters needed for Slavonic
L2/15-047Anderson, Deborah (2015-02-01), CJK Slavonic transcription characters
L2/15-017Moore, Lisa (2015-02-12), UTC #142 Minutes
L2/15-170Andreev, Aleksandr; Chin, Mitrophan; Shardt, Yuri (2015-07-08), Proposal to Add the Palladius Transcription to the Unihan Database
U+9FEA1N2048Chung, Jaemin (2014-11-19), U+3E02 unification issue
L2/16-203Moore, Lisa (2016-08-18), "B.11.3.2", UTC #148 Minutes
11.0U+9FEB..9FED3L2/17-156RN4830Proposal on 3 China's UNCs for Chemical Terminology to URO+, 2017-07-26
L2/17-397N4832Proposal on 2 TCA's UNCs for Chemical Terminology to URO+, 2017-09-07
U+9FEE..9FEF2L2/17-396N4831Proposal to add two Urgently Needed Characters, 2017-07-20
  1. ↑ Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Unicode character database". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2017-06-20.
  2. ↑ "Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2017-06-20.
  3. ↑ "Unicode Character Database: Standardized Variation Sequences". The Unicode Consortium.
  4. ↑ "Ideographic Variation Database". Unicode Consortium.
  5. ↑ "UTS #37, Unicode Ideographic Variation Database". Unicode Consortium.
  6. ↑ URO
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