CHD1L

CHD1L
Identifiers
AliasesCHD1L, ALC1, CHDL, chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 1-like, chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 1 like
External IDsMGI: 1915308 HomoloGene: 11590 GeneCards: CHD1L
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 1 (human)[1]
Band1q21.1Start147,242,641 bp[1]
End147,295,766 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern


More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

9557

68058

Ensembl

ENSG00000131778

ENSMUSG00000028089

UniProt

Q86WJ1

Q9CXF7

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_026539

RefSeq (protein)

NP_080815

Location (UCSC)Chr 1: 147.24 – 147.3 MbChr 3: 97.56 – 97.61 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 1-like (ALC1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHD1L gene.[5][6] It has been implicated in chromatin remodeling and DNA relaxation process required for DNA replication, repair and transcription.

Function

In development

CHD1L, a DNA helicase, possesses chromatin remodeling activity and interacts with PARP1/PARylation in regulating pluripotency during developmental reprogramming. The CHD1L macro-domain interacts with the PAR moiety of PARylated-PARP1 to facilitate early-stage reprogramming and pluripotency in stem cells.[7] It appears that CHD1L expression is vital for early events in embryonic development. [8]

In DNA repair

To allow the critical cellular process of DNA repair, the chromatin must be remodeled at sites of damage. CHD1L (ALC1) a chromatin remodeling protein, acts very early in DNA repair. Chromatin relaxation occurs rapidly at the site of a DNA damage.[9] This process is initiated by PARP1 protein that starts to appear at DNA damage in less than a second, with half maximum accumulation within 1.6 seconds after the damage occurs.[10] Next the chromatin remodeler CHD1L (ALC1) quickly attaches to the product of PARP1, and completes arrival at the DNA damage within 10 seconds of the damage.[9] About half of the maximum chromatin relaxation, due to action of CHD1L (ALC1), occurs by 10 seconds.[9] This then allows recruitment of the DNA repair enzyme MRE11, to initiate DNA repair, within 13 seconds.[10] MRE11 is involved in homologous recombinational repair. CHD1L (ALC1) is also required for repair of UV-damaged chromatin through nucleotide excision repair.[11]

With 1q21.1 deletion syndrome a disturbance occurs, which leads to increased DNA breaks. The role of CHD1L is similar to that of helicase with the Werner syndrome[12]

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000131778 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028089 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
  4. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
  5. ↑ Mao M, Fu G, Wu JS, Zhang QH, Zhou J, Kan LX, Huang QH, He KL, Gu BW, Han ZG, Shen Y, Gu J, Yu YP, Xu SH, Wang YX, Chen SJ, Chen Z (Aug 1998). "Identification of genes expressed in human CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells by expressed sequence tags and efficient full-length cDNA cloning". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 95 (14): 8175–80. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.14.8175. PMC 20949. PMID 9653160.
  6. ↑ "Entrez Gene: CHD1L chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 1-like".
  7. ↑ Jiang BH, Chen WY, Li HY, Chien Y, Chang WC, Hsieh PC, Wu P, Chen CY, Song HY, Chien CS, Sung YJ, Chiou SH (2015). "CHD1L Regulated PARP1-Driven Pluripotency and Chromatin Remodeling During the Early-Stage Cell Reprogramming". Stem Cells. 33 (10): 2961–72. doi:10.1002/stem.2116. PMC 4832376. PMID 26201266.
  8. ↑ Snider AC, Leong D, Wang QT, Wysocka J, Yao MW, Scott MP (2013). "The chromatin remodeling factor Chd1l is required in the preimplantation embryo". Biol Open. 2 (2): 121–31. doi:10.1242/bio.20122949. PMC 3575647. PMID 23429299.
  9. 1 2 3 Sellou H, Lebeaupin T, Chapuis C, Smith R, Hegele A, Singh HR, Kozlowski M, Bultmann S, Ladurner AG, Timinszky G, Huet S (2016). "The poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent chromatin remodeler Alc1 induces local chromatin relaxation upon DNA damage". Mol. Biol. Cell. 27 (24): 3791–3799. doi:10.1091/mbc.E16-05-0269. PMC 5170603. PMID 27733626.
  10. 1 2 Haince JF, McDonald D, Rodrigue A, Déry U, Masson JY, Hendzel MJ, Poirier GG (2008). "PARP1-dependent kinetics of recruitment of MRE11 and NBS1 proteins to multiple DNA damage sites". J. Biol. Chem. 283 (2): 1197–208. doi:10.1074/jbc.M706734200. PMID 18025084.
  11. ↑ Pines A, Vrouwe MG, Marteijn JA, Typas D, Luijsterburg MS, Cansoy M, Hensbergen P, Deelder A, de Groot A, Matsumoto S, Sugasawa K, Thoma N, Vermeulen W, Vrieling H, Mullenders L (2012). "PARP1 promotes nucleotide excision repair through DDB2 stabilization and recruitment of ALC1". J. Cell Biol. 199 (2): 235–49. doi:10.1083/jcb.201112132. PMC 3471223. PMID 23045548.
  12. ↑ Understanding the impact of 1q21.1 Copy Number Variant; C. Harvard et al; Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2011, 6:54; doi:10.1186/1750-1172-6-54

Further reading

  • Matoba R, Okubo K, Hori N, et al. (1994). "The addition of 5'-coding information to a 3'-directed cDNA library improves analysis of gene expression". Gene. 146 (2): 199–207. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90293-3. PMID 8076819.
  • Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
  • Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
  • Zhang QH, Ye M, Wu XY, et al. (2001). "Cloning and Functional Analysis of cDNAs with Open Reading Frames for 300 Previously Undefined Genes Expressed in CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells". Genome Res. 10 (10): 1546–60. doi:10.1101/gr.140200. PMC 310934. PMID 11042152.
  • Harrington JJ, Sherf B, Rundlett S, et al. (2001). "Creation of genome-wide protein expression libraries using random activation of gene expression". Nat. Biotechnol. 19 (5): 440–5. doi:10.1038/88107. PMID 11329013.
  • Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
  • Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
  • Karras GI, Kustatscher G, Buhecha HR, et al. (2005). "The macro domain is an ADP-ribose binding module". EMBO J. 24 (11): 1911–20. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600664. PMC 1142602. PMID 15902274.
  • Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, et al. (2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: Large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Res. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129. PMID 16344560.


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