CD28 family receptor

CD28 family receptors are a group of regulatory cell surface receptors expressed on immune cells. The CD28 family in turn is a subgroup of the immunoglobulin superfamily.[1]

Two family members, CD28 and ICOS, act as positive regulators of T cell function while another three, BTLA,[2] CTLA-4 and PD-1 act as inhibitors.[1] Ligands for the CD28 receptor family include B7 family proteins.[3]

Clinical significance

Some cancer cells evade destruction by the immune system through overexpression of B7 ligands that bind to inhibitory CD28 family member receptors on immune cells.[4] Antibodies directed against CD28 family members CTLA-4, PD-1, or their B7 ligands function as checkpoint inhibitors to overcome tumor immune tolerance and are used clinically in cancer immunotherapy.[4]

References

  1. 1 2 Arch RH, Green JM (2012). "Chapter 16: Costimulatory molecules in T-cell activation and transplantation: Section 2: The CD28 receptor family". In Burlingham WJ, Wilkes DS. Immunobiology of Organ Transplantation. Boston, MA: Springer US. pp. 292–8. ISBN 978-1-4419-8999-4.
  2. ↑ Carreno BM, Collins M (October 2003). "BTLA: a new inhibitory receptor with a B7-like ligand". Trends in Immunology. 24 (10): 524–7. doi:10.1016/j.it.2003.08.005. PMID 14552835.
  3. ↑ Carreno BM, Collins M (2002). "The B7 family of ligands and its receptors: new pathways for costimulation and inhibition of immune responses". Annual Review of Immunology. 20: 29–53. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.091101.091806. PMID 11861596.
  4. 1 2 Leung J, Suh WK (December 2014). "The CD28-B7 Family in Anti-Tumor Immunity: Emerging Concepts in Cancer Immunotherapy". Immune Network. 14 (6): 265–76. doi:10.4110/in.2014.14.6.265. PMC 4275384. PMID 25550693.


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