Bupleurum chinense
| Bupleurum chinense | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Apiales |
| Family: | Apiaceae (or Umbelliferae) |
| Genus: | Bupleurum |
| Species: | B. chinense |
| Binomial name | |
| Bupleurum chinense | |
Bupleurum chinense (Chinese: 柴胡; pinyin: chaí hú; Jyutping: caai4 wu4) is a plant of the Apiaceae family.
Ethnomedical uses
Bupleurum (Thorowax) is a medicinal root found natively in East Asia. The Chinese name is Chai Hu (柴胡). The leaves of the plant are long and thin and resemble fennel.
- Traditionally used to relieve infections with fever, hemorrhoids and indigestion.
- Also used to treat liver stagnation (qi), irritability, and liver disease.
Bupleurum is a primary ingredient an ancient Chinese medicinal formula known as Xiao Chai Hu Tang, first recorded in the Treatise on Cold Induced Febrile Disease (Shang Han Lun) circa 280 AD. The ingredients are:
- Bupleurum (root) 16%
- Paeonia lactiflora (peony root) 16%
- Pinellia ternata family Araceae (rhizome) 14%
- Zingiber officinale (ginger rhizome) 11%
- Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis (jujube fruit) 11%
- Panax ginseng (Asian ginseng root) 8%
- Scutellaria baicalensis family Lamiaceae (Chinese skullcap root) 8%
- Glycyrrhiza uralensis family Fabaceae (licorice) 5%
Another example of how Bupleurum is used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine is in a formula called Xiao Yao San, which was first seen in the Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Feng (Imperial Grace Formulary of the Tai Ping Era) 1078–85. In this formula traditional practitioners use this combination of herbs with emphasis on Bupleurum to soothe irritability.
- Bupleurum (root) – Chai Hu – 14%
- Angelica sinensis – Dang Gui – 14%
- Peonia lactiflora (root) – Bai Shao – 14%
- Atractylodes macrocephalae (Rhizome) – Bai Zhu – 14%
- Poria (whole herb) – Fu Ling – 14%
- Glycyrrhiza uralensis (root honey-fried) – 8%
- Herba mentha (leaf) – Bo He – 8%
- Zingiber officinale (Fresh rhizome) – Sheng Jiang – 14%
It is possible that Bupleurum or Xiao Chai Hu Tang may reduce the symptoms of various types of hepatitis and HIV though it may also increase the risk of liver damage.[1]
This formula should not be taken without a prescription from a licensed practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine and should not be taken for prolonged periods of time and could cause headache, dizziness and bleeding of the gums. Chai Hu might slightly reduce white blood count.
Chemical constituents and bioactivities
Bupleurum chinense roots (Radix Bupleuri) were reported to contain polyacetylenes as well as saponins/triterpenoids inhibiting the pro-inflammatory NF-κB signaling pathway.[2]
References
- ↑ Lee C-H, Wang J-D, Chen P-C, 2011 "Risk of Liver Injury Associated with Chinese Herbal Products Containing Radix bupleuri in 639, 779 Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Infection". PLoS ONE 6(1): e16064. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016064
- ↑ Liu X, Latkolik S, Atanasov AG, Kunert O, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Heiss EH, Malainer C, Schinkovitz A, Kollroser M, Dirsch VM, Bauer R. Bupleurum chinense Roots: a Bioactivity-Guided Approach toward Saponin-Type NF-κB Inhibitors. Planta Med. 2017 Oct;83(14-15):1242-1250. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-118226.
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Formulas and Strategies; Bensky & Barolet, 1990 Eastland Press, Inc.
- Protective effect of saikosaponin-d isolated from Bupleurum falcatum L. on CCl4-induced liver injury in the rat
- Production of saikosaponins by tissue culture of Bupleurum falcatum L.