Bronze mirror

Etruscan mirror incised with the Judgement of Paris, 4th-3rd century BCE (Musée du Louvre)

Bronze mirrors preceded the glass mirrors of today. This type of mirror, often incorrectly termed a copper mirror, has been found by archaeologists among elite assemblages from various cultures, from Etruscan Italy to China.

History

An Eastern Han-period TLV mirror

Egypt

Polished bronze mirrors were made by the Egyptians from 2900 BCE onwards.[1]

Indus valley civilization

In the Indus valley civilization, manufacture of bronze mirrors goes back to the time between 2800 and 2500 BCE.[2] Bronze mirror are usually circular.

China

An Iron Age bronze mirror from 120-80 BCE found in St Keverne, England

Bronze mirrors were produced in China from neolithic times until the Qing Dynasty, when western glass mirrors were brought to China. Bronze mirrors were usually circular, with one side polished bright, to give a reflection, and the reverse side with designs. They often had a knob in the center so that they could be attached to clothing. Some of the earliest examples of Chinese bronze mirrors belonged to the Neolithic Qijia culture from around 2000 BCE. However, until Warring States times, bronze mirrors were not common with approximately only twenty having been discovered. During the Warring States period, mirrors became particularly popular. It was during the Han Dynasty, and the introduction of the TLV mirror, that mirrors started to be mass-produced. Both Han and Tang mirrors are considered to be the most technically advanced. Bronze mirrors continued to remain popular up through the Song Dynasty, but then gradually lost their popularity and ceased to be produced after the arrival of Western mirrors during the Ming and Qing dynasties.

Europe

In Europe, bronze mirrors from the Bronze Age have been discovered from various places, including Britain and Italy. A notable example includes the Birdlip mirror. Etruscan mirrors were produced from between the 6th and 2nd centuries BCE. Celtic mirrors in Britain were produced up until the Roman conquest.[3]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Z. Y. Saad: The Excavations at Helwan. Art and Civilization in the First and Second Egyptian Dynasties, University of Oklahoma Press, Oklahoma 1969, p.54
  2. ↑ Richard Corson: Fashions in Makeup: From Ancient to Modern Times, 1972, ISBN 0-7206-0431-1, p.32
  3. ↑ Lloyd-Morgan, Glenys (1977). 'Mirrors in Roman Britain', in J. Munby and M. Henig (eds), Roman Life and Art in Britain. BAR. pp. 231–52.

Further reading

  • B. Schweig: “Mirrors”, Antiquity, Vol. 15 (1941), pp. 257–268
  • Glenys Lloyd-Morgan 'Mirrors in Roman Britain', in J. Munby and M. Henig (eds), Roman Life and Art in Britain, BAR Brit Ser 41 (1977), 231-52
  • Glenys Lloyd-Morgan 'The antecedents and development of the Roman hand mirror', in H. M. Blake, T. W. Potter and D. B. Whitehouse (eds), Papers in Italian Archaeology I: the Lancaster Seminar. Recent Research in Prehistoric, Classical and Medieval Archaeology, BAR Supplementary Series 41 (Oxford; 1978), 227-35.
  • Glenys Lloyd-Morgan 'The Roman mirror and its origins', in N. T. de Grummond (ed.), A Guide to Etruscan Mirrors (Tallahassee, Florida; 1982), 39-48.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.