Braconinae

Braconinae
Bracon brevicornis, female inserting ovipositor into paralyzed host.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Braconidae
Subfamily: Braconinae
Nees, 1811[1]
Tribes

See text

Synonyms
  • Aphrastobraconinae Ashmead, 1900
  • Gnathobraconinae Szepligeti, 1904
  • Vipioninae Gahan, 1917
  • Microbraconinae Bridwell, 1920
  • Pseudodicrogeniinae Fahringer, 1936
  • Vaepellinae Quicke, 1987

The Braconinae are a large subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps with more than 2,000 described species.[2] Many species, including Bracon brevicornis, have been used in biocontrol programs.

Description and distribution

Braconines are small to medium sized wasps. Many are dark in color, but they can be red, orange, or pale. They have cyclostome mouthparts and females usually have a long ovipositor.

They are found worldwide, but are most diverse in the Paleotropical region.

Biology

Braconines are idiobiont ectoparasitoids of concealed larvae. The hosts of most species are Lepidoptera or Coleoptera, with a few attacking Diptera or Symphyta. Usually, they paralyze the host with venom before laying one or more (depending on the species) large eggs on the host's exterior.[2]

Tribes

  • Adeshini
  • Aphrastobraconini
  • Argamaniini
  • Bathyaulacini
  • Braconini
  • Coeloidini
  • Euurobraconini
  • Glyptomorphini
  • Gnathobraconini
  • Physaraiini
  • Rhammurini
  • Vaepellini

References

  1. ↑ Ichneumonoids Adsciti. CGD Nees von Esenbeck Genera et Familias Divisi, Magazin Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 5, 3-37, 1811.
  2. 1 2 Wharton, Robert A.; Marsh, Paul M.; Sharkey, Michael J. (1997). Manual of the New World Genera of the Family Braconidae (Hymenoptera) (PDF). Washington DC: The International Society of Hymenopterists.


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