Bourbon-Busset

House of Bourbon-Busset
Original arms of the family
Parent house	House of Bourbon descended from Capetian dynasty
Country	France
Founder	Pierre de Bourbon, Baron of Busset
Current head	Charles de Bourbon, Count of Busset
Titles	Count of Busset Baron of Busset Baron of Châlus Baron of Puysagut Baron of Vésigneux
Estate(s)	France
Cadet branches	House of Bourbon-Châlus

The Bourbon-Busset family is an illegitimate branch of the House of Bourbon, being thus agnatic descendants of the Capetian dynasty. Historically, they have been regarded as non-dynastic since decisions rendered by Louis XI of France.

Possibly, however, the family may be canonically legitimate, in which case it is the most senior extant male-line branch of the Capetians, and senior to the Bourbons which reign today in Spain and Luxembourg and have in the past ruled France, Naples and Sicily, as well as to the House of Braganza, also Capetians by illegitimate descent.

The head of the family uses the title of Count of Busset, which derives its name from the marriage of Pierre de Bourbon, son of Louis de Bourbon, Bishop of Liège, with Marguerite de Tourzel, heiress of the barony of Busset. Their son Philippe married Louise Borgia, Duchess of Valentinois, only legitimate child of Cesare Borgia, Duke of Valentinois.

Origin

The House of Bourbon-Busset descends in male line from Pierre de Bourbon (1464–1529), the eldest son of Louis de Bourbon, Bishop of Liège (1438–1482), who was a son of Charles I, Duke of Bourbon. Louis, in male line a sixth cousin of King Charles VII of France, married, without royal licence, Catharine d'Egmond, a daughter of Arnold, Duke of Gelderland (probably illegitimate, as the ducal House of Egmont's chronicles never recognized her among princesses of Gelderland). From this marriage, three natural sons were born:^[1]

• Pierre de Bourbon (1464–1529), chamberlain of Louis XII of France;^[2] married in 1498 Marguerite de Tourzel d'Alègre, heiress to the Barony of Busset; this alliance was the start of the House de Bourbon-Busset;
• Louis de Bourbon (1465-1500);
• Jacques de Bourbon (1466–1537), Jesuit priest.

Although the marriage between Louis and Catherine took place before Louis was consecrated as a priest, which would have made it canonically impossible for him to marry, it was kept secret, being against the interests of Louis XI of France. French alliances in the Low Countries were not compatible with those of the House of Egmont. The French king therefore never recognized any children of the marriage as legitimate. There was a de facto legitimization of the Bourbon-Bussets when they were allowed the treatment of a Cousin du Roi. For the rest of history, the Bourbon-Bussets never claimed anything more than what they had, and constantly remained faithful servants of the Bourbon kings.

Historical evolution

Members of the Bourbon-Busset family later acquired the titles of count of Châlus and count of Lignières.

When the Valois-Angoulême branch on the throne was nearing its end in the 16th century, Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme, was recognized as the premier prince du sang of France, although he only descended from James I, Count of La Marche (1315–1362), the younger brother of Pierre I, Duke of Bourbon.

Were the Bourbon-Busset legitimate, the position of the premier prince would have belonged to the then Count of Busset, instead of to Duke Antoine. However, what is certain is that the Bourbon-Bussets, accepting their status as an illegitimate line, whether a matter of fact or law, never claimed the position, and played no significant role either at the French royal court or in the politics of the nation.

Similarly, upon the death of Henry III of France, were the Bourbon-Bussets a legitimate dynastic line, the crown should have passed to César de Bourbon-Busset (1565–1630), in male line the late king's 10th cousin. However, he never claimed the crown and was not proposed by any known partisans as an alternative choice when King Henry III of Navarre, his agnatic 7th cousin once removed, Antoine's son, became king of France and César's liege lord.

Modern era

Modern arms of the family

Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset (1898–1984), daughter of the count of Lignières, is a great-great-granddaughter of Jacques, youngest son of the 8th Count of Busset (1722-1793), making her Jacques' (the 14th count) fourth cousin once removed. She got married in 1927 with a royal Bourbon relative, Xavier, titular duke of Parma and Carlist pretender to the throne of Spain. Although Madeleine brought as dowry the chateau of Lignières, at the time this marriage was not accepted as dynastic by the titular duke, Xavier's elder brother, obtaining dynastic recognition retroactively around the time of the engagement of Xavier's eldest son to the daughter of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands in 1964.

As the wife of Xavier, Madeleine was, however, proclaimed Queen consort of Spain by the remaining Carlists in 1952. Widowed in 1977, she remained a staunch adherent of her husband's Carlist principles. She excluded her elder son from the funeral of her husband as disloyal to his father's traditionalist Carlism, recognizing instead the claim to Carlist leadership and to Lignières of her younger son, Prince Sixtus Henry of Bourbon-Parma, (self-proclaimed) Duke of Aranjuez, who continued the rivalry with his brother as Carlist pretender.

A senior male-line descendant of the Bourbon-Bussets was the French writer Jacques de Bourbon-Busset (1912–2001), member of the French Academy. President Charles de Gaulle was once quoted telling him: Had it not been for the decision of King Louis XI, you might well be head of state of France today, instead of me.

Since 2001, the Head of the House of Bourbon-Busset is Charles de Bourbon, Count of Busset (born 1945), who is a civil engineer of the Ecole des Mines de Paris, and Mayor of Ballancourt-sur-Essonne (1998-2014). He is the son of Jacques de Bourbon-Busset.

Bourbon barons and counts of Busset

Other illegitimate houses

• Bourbon du Maine (extinct)
• Bourbon-Vendôme (extinct)
• Bourbon-Penthièvre (extinct)

References