Bocce

Bocce
Bocce players scoring a match, 2005
Highest governing body Fédération Internationale de Boules
Nicknames Bocci
First played Ancient Rome
Characteristics
Contact Non-contact
Team members Individual
Type Boules
Equipment Bocce (balls) & pallino (jack)
Presence
Olympic No
An Argentine family playing bocce in San Vicente, Buenos Aires, c. 1902
Bocce play in Cape Coral, Florida, US in 2007

Bocce (/boʊtʃi/), sometimes anglicized as bocci,[1][2][3] is a ball sport belonging to the boules family, closely related to British bowls and French pétanque, with a common ancestry from ancient games played in the Roman Empire. Developed into its present form in Italy[4] (where it is called bocce, the plural of the Italian word boccia which means 'bowl' in the sport sense),[5] it is played around Europe and also in overseas areas that have received Italian migrants, including Australia, North America, and South America (where it is known as bochas, or bolas criollas ('Criollo balls') in Venezuela, bocha in Brazil). Bocce was initially played among the Italian migrants but has slowly become more popular with their descendants and the wider community.

The sport is also very popular on the eastern side of the Adriatic, especially in Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the sport is known in Serbo-Croatian as boćanje ('playing boće') or balote (colloquially also bućanje).[6][7][8] In Slovenia the sport is known as balinanje[9] or colloquially 'playing boče', or bale (from Italian bocce and Venetian bałe, meaning 'balls', respectively).[10]

Rules and play

Bocce is traditionally played on natural soil and asphalt courts 27.5 metres (90 ft) in length and 2.5 to 4 metres (8.2 to 13.1 ft) wide.[11] Bocce balls can be made of metal[12] or various kinds of plastic. Unlike lawn bowls, bocce balls are spherical and have no inbuilt bias. A game can be conducted between two players, or two teams of two, three, or four. A match is started by a randomly chosen side being given the opportunity to throw a smaller ball, the jack (called a boccino ('little bocce') or pallino ('bullet') in Italian, depending on local custom), from one end of the court into a zone 5 metres (16 ft) in length, ending 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) from the far end of the court. If the first team misses twice, the other team is awarded the opportunity to place the jack anywhere they choose within the prescribed zone.[13]

The side that first attempted to place the jack is given the opportunity to bowl first. Once the first bowl has taken place, the other side has the opportunity to bowl. From then on, the side which does not have the ball closest to the jack has a chance to bowl, up until one side or the other has used their four balls. At that point, the other side bowls its remaining balls. The team with the closest ball to the jack is the only team that can score points in any frame. The scoring team receives one point for each of their balls that is closer to the jack than the closest ball of the other team. The length of a game varies by region but is typically from 7 to 13 points.[14][15]

Players are permitted to throw the ball in the air using an underarm action. This is generally used to knock either the jack or another ball away to attain a more favorable position. Tactics can get quite complex when players have sufficient control over the ball to throw or roll it accurately.[16]

Variants

Bocce volo

A variation called bocce volo uses a metal ball, which is thrown overhand (palm down), after a run-up to the throwing line. In that latter respect, it is similar to the French boules game jeu provençal also known as boule lyonnaise. A French variant of the game is called pétanque, and (lacking the run-up) is more similar in some respects to traditional bocce.[17]

Boccia

Australian boccia team members

Another development, for persons with disabilities, is called boccia. It is a shorter-range game, played with leather balls on an indoor, smooth surface. Boccia was first introduced to the Paralympics at the 1984 New York/Stoke Mandeville Games, and is one of the only two Paralympic sports that do not have an Olympic counterpart (the other being goalball).[18]

See also

References

  1. ↑ TheFreeDictionary.com
  2. ↑ US 5480026
  3. ↑ "modernruins.com". Archived from the original on 2007-10-18. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
  4. ↑ Malta and Gozo.
  5. ↑ "boccia". Italian-English translation in the CollinsDictionary.com. Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
  6. ↑ Croatian Bocce Association
  7. ↑ Croatian Bocce Federation
  8. ↑ BiH Bocce Association
  9. ↑ "Bocce Association of Slovenia". Archived from the original on 2010-06-11. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
  10. ↑ "Slovene Ethnographic Museum". Archived from the original on 2013-06-22. Retrieved 2012-03-13.
  11. ↑ www.BocceVolo.com - Official Rules - Chapter 1 - Article 4 - Specifications of the Court
  12. ↑ www.BocceVolo.com - Official Rules - Chapter 1 - Article 1 - The Bowls
  13. ↑ Malta and Gozo.
  14. ↑ www.BocceVolo.com - Official Rules - Chapter 2 - Article 8 - Points to be Made and the Duration of the Match
  15. ↑ Malta and Gozo.
  16. ↑ Malta and Gozo.
  17. ↑ Petanque vs. Bocce at Petanque America
  18. ↑ "Boccia". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 2018-03-12.
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