Black-headed saltator

Black-headed saltator
At Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Passeriformes
Family:Thraupidae
Genus:Saltator
Species: S. atriceps
Binomial name
Saltator atriceps
(Lesson, 1832)
Showing black necklace

The black-headed saltator (Saltator atriceps) is a seedeating bird. Traditionally placed in the cardinal family (Cardinalidae), it actually seems to be closer to the tanagers (Thraupidae).[note 1] It breeds from central Mexico to eastern Panama.

The genus Saltator is apparently polyphyletic.[note 1] Whether the present species will remain in Saltator or eventually be moved to another genus remains to be seen. Somewhat similar in coloration to the buff-throated saltator, the genus' type species (which would retain the genus name), it resembles the probably well distant black-throated saltator or even the golden-billed saltator in other aspects.[note 2]

This bird is on average 24 cm (9.4 in) long and weighs 85 g (3.0 oz). The adult has a slate-grey head with a whitish supercilium. The upperparts are yellowish green, the underparts are pale grey, and the throat is white edged with black. The thick convex bill is black and the legs are brown. Young birds are duller, and have mottling on the breast and brown markings on the underparts. This species is similar to the buff-throated saltator, but is larger and has a darker head and paler underparts.

The common call is a raucous deeeer. The song is a loud scratchy cher cher jur jur weeee, often given by males as a duet.

The black-headed saltator is a species of dense vegetation. The black-headed saltator feeds on fruit,[note 3] buds, nectar and slow-moving insects. It forages at low and mid levels, sometimes with mixed species flocks.

The two black-marked pale blue eggs per clutch measure some 24–34 mm (0.94–1.34 in) long by about 18–23.5 mm (0.71–0.93 in) wide and weigh about 4.9–5.5 g (0.17–0.19 oz) each.[note 4] They are laid in a bulky grass-lined cup nest up to 3 m (9.8 ft) high in a thicket between April and July.

Footnotes

  1. 1 2 See the genus article for details
  2. ↑ Hellack & Schnell 1977. Note that this is a phenetic study, giving a measure of similarity rather than relatedness.
  3. ↑ e.g. of Cymbopetalum mayanum (Annonaceae). (Forster 2007)
  4. ↑ i.e. large among Saltator eggs (Echeverry-Galvis & Córdoba-Córdoba 2006). A specimen measuring 36.2 mm (1.43 in) long and 18.7 mm (0.74 in) wide seems to have an abnormal shape.

References

  1. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Saltator atriceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.

  • Echeverry-Galvis, María Ángela; Córdoba-Córdoba, Sergio (2006). "Descripción del huevo del saltátor collarejo (Saltator cinctus) y comentarios preliminares sobre huevos del género Saltator" [Description of the egg of the Masked Saltator (S. cinctus) and preliminary comments on the eggs of the genus Saltator] (PDF). Boletín de la Sociedad Antioqueña de Ornitología (in Spanish). 16 (1): 76–84.
  • Foster, Mercedes S. (2007). "The potential of fruiting trees to enhance converted habitats for migrating birds in southern Mexico". Bird Conservation International. 17 (1): 45–61. doi:10.1017/S0959270906000554. PDF fulltext
  • Hellack, J.J.; Schnell, G.D. (1977). "Phenetic analysis of the subfamily Cardinalinae using external and skeletal characteristics". Wilson Bulletin. 89: 130–148.
  • Stiles, G.; Skutch, A.F. (1989). A Guide to the Birds of Costa Rica. Comstock. ISBN 0-8014-9600-4.
  • BirdLife species factsheet for Saltator atriceps
  • "Saltator atriceps". Avibase. Edit this at Wikidata
  • "Black-headed saltator media". Internet Bird Collection.
  • Black-headed saltator photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
  • Black-headed saltator species account at NeotropicalBirds (Cornell University)
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.