List of anime by release date (pre-1939)

A clip from the short film Namakura Gatana (1917), the oldest extant film made for cinemas known to exist.

This is a list of anime by release date which covers Japanese animated productions that were made between 1917–1938. Anime in Japan can be traced back to three key figures whom in the early 20th century started experimenting with paper animation. It is unknown when the first animated film was made, but historians have tied the year 1917 as being the key date. Very few of the first animations that were made survive to this day due to the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake. At one point it was even thought that all animated works made before the earthquake were lost until the discovery of two films in 2008. Production of animated works resumed again after the earthquake, and by the early/mid 1930s sound, and cel animation were starting to appear. Later in the decade, Japan went to war with China, resulting in paper needed for the war to be used sparingly. As a result, new manga stories disappeared from the public while the Japanese government stepped in to regulate what was being released through the cinemas to take its place. The mid to late 1930s saw more animated works that were propaganda-themed to rally the public's support.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

1917–1922

Japanese animation can be traced back to 1917 as a year of definitive firsts. The three key figures at the time were Ōten Shimokawa, Seitarou Kitayama, and Junichi Kouchi each contributing to making the first short films that would be known as anime. While each one of these people are respected in their own right, the status of "first animated film" remains in dispute as there is conflicting information regarding film premiere dates. According to contemporary sources of the time, an unknown titled film of Tennenshoku Katsudō Shashin premiered in January. Evidence of this comes from Kinema Record, with the July edition making specific claim to the first release occurring in January, but does not specify the title of the work.[1] Shimokawa's film Imokawa Mukozo the Doorman is conventionally and largely claimed to be the first work, but contemporary sources portray it as the "third" film. Speculation about the error is debated, but the two now lost films and their contents have been reported by various sources allowing for a clearer picture of the early history.

The first confirmed film release occurred in the first ten days of February, with Shimokawa's Dekobō shingachō – Meian no shippai (凸坊新画帳・名案の失敗, Bumpy new picture book – Failure of a great plan).[1] The film was produced with chalk on a blackboard, with redrawing for each frame. Shimokawa would switch to paper for later, but the exact date and work to depict the switch is unknown.[1] Kouchi's first film Hanawa Hekonai Meitō no Maki (塙凹内名刀之巻, Hanawa Hekonai – The famous sword) also known as Namakura Gatana (なまくら刀, Dull Katana) and Tameshigiri (試し斬, The sword test) premiered on June 30. This film is currently the earliest surviving work, and was only rediscovered in March 2008.[2] Katsudō Shashin was widely reported as possibly dating to 1907, but is of unconfirmed origin and is not known to have premiered or been produced for commercial interest.

Of the animated films produced in 1918, at least eight are known. These films include Momotarō, which was the first animated film to be shown outside Japan, and Tarou Urashima which is based on the Japanese legend Urashima Tarō.[3] There are no known animated films that were made from 1919 to 1923 in existence, which could be the result of the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake.

English NameJapanese NameRomajiFormatOriginal Release DateStatus
Battle of a Monkey and a Crab猿蟹合戦Sarukani gassenShort Film1917[1]Lost film
Bumpy new picture book – Failure of a great plan凸坊新画帳・名案の失敗Dekobō shingachō – Meian no shippaiShort Film1917[1]Lost film[4]
Bunbuku kettle
(Fairy-tale: Bunbuku kettle)		文福茶釜
(お伽噺・文福茶釜)		Bunbuku chagama
Otogibanashi-Bunbuku chagama		Short Film1917[1]Lost film
Cat and Mice猫と鼠Neko to nezumiShort Film1917[1]Unknown
Chamebō ‒ Air gun
(aka: "Chame’s air gun")		茶目坊空気銃の巻
茶目の空気銃		Chamebō Kūkijū no maki
"Chame no kūkijū"		Short Film1917[1]Unknown
Chamebō's new picture book – The Revenge of Mr. and Mrs. Flea茶目坊新画帳・蚤夫婦仕返しの巻Chamebō shingachō – Nomi fūfu shikaeshi no makiShort Film1917[1]Unknown
Great Oaks from Little Acorns Grow塵も積もれば山となるChiri mo tsumoreba yama to naruShort Film1917[1]Unknown
Hanawa Hekonai – The Famous Sword
(aka: "The Dull Katana" or "The Sword Test")		塙凹内名刀之巻
なまくら刀 or 試し斬		Hanawa Hekonai Meitō no Maki
"Namakura Gatana" or "Tameshigiri"		Short Film1917[1][5]Extant
Hanawa Hekonai – The Kappa Festival塙凹内かっぱまつりHanawa Hekonai Kappa matsuriShort Film1917[1]Unknown
Imokawa Mukuzō goes fishing
(aka: "Chamebōzu goes fishing")		芋川椋三釣の巻
茶目坊主魚釣の巻		Imokawa Mukuzō Tsuri no maki
"Chamebōzu Uozuri no maki"		Short Film1917[1]Unknown
Imokawa Mukuzō – Somersault芋川椋三宙返りの巻Imokawa Mukuzō - Chūgaeri no makiShort Film1917[1]Unknown
Imokawa Mukuzō – The Janitor
("The Janitor" also translates into "Concierge")		芋川椋三玄関番の巻 or
芋川椋三玄関番之巻		Imokawa Mukuzo Genkanban no MakiShort Film1917[1]Lost film
Kachikachi Mountainカチカチ山KachikachiyamaShort Film1917[1]Lost film
Naughty MailboxいたずらポストItazura posutoShort Film1917[1]Unknown
Sparrow with no Tongue舌切雀Shitakire suzumeShort Film1917[1]Lost film
The Dream Car夢の自動車Yume no jidōshaShort Film1917[1][6]Unknown
The Ministry of Culture's Art Exhibition文展の巻Bunten no makiShort Film1917Unconfirmed to exist[1]
The Old Man Who Made Flowers Bloom花咲爺Hanasaka-jijiShort Film1917[1][7]Lost film
The Pot and the Black Catお鍋と黒猫の巻Onabe to kuroneko no makiShort Film1917Unconfirmed to exist[1]
What to do with your Postal Savings貯金の勧Chokin no susumeShort Film1917[1]Lost film
Issun-bōshi
(Little One Inch)		一寸法師Issun-bōshiShort Film1918[8]Unknown
Kintarō金太郎KintarouShort Film1918[9]Unknown
Momotarō (anime)桃太郎MomotarouShort Film1918[3]Extant
Snowman雪達磨YukidarumaShort Film1918[10]Unknown
Taro the Guard, The Submarine
–
Taro no Banpei, Senkotei no MakiShort Film1918[11]Fragmented
The Ant and the Pigeon蟻と鳩Ari to HatoShort Film1918[12]Unknown
The Frog's Dream蛙の夢Kaeru no YumeShort Film1918[13]Unknown
Tarou Urashima浦島太郎Urashima TarouShort Film1918[2][14]Extant

1923 earthquake

Total destruction of Nihonbashi and Kanda seen from the Roof of Dai-ichi Sogo Building, Kyōbashi

The 1923 Great Kantō earthquake which occurred on September 1 dealt incredible damage in Japan, the greatest prior to World War II which resulted in 105,385 confirmed deaths.[15][16][17] Prior to the rediscovery of several Japanese animated films it was presumed that all prints produced up to its date had been destroyed. The account and record of these films themselves has been expanded, with Patten's Watching Anime, Reading Manga: 25 Years of Essays and Reviews 2004 book claiming that three films were produced in 1917 when over a dozen works are now known.[1][18] Despite the findings, the earthquake along with World War II have resulted in only 4% of all Japanese films made before 1945 being known to exist today.[19]

1924–1938

After the earthquake production of new films took place within a year. For the early films, benshi, storytellers were hired who sat next to the screen and narrated the silent movies. They were descendants of kabuki jōruri, kōdan storytellers, theater barkers and other forms of oral storytelling.[20] The first animated "talkie" or sound film titled Chikara to Onna no Yo no Naka ("World of Power and Women") was made in 1933, now a lost film it was a breakthrough for Japanese animation.[21] However, at the time more than 80 percent of movies made in the country were still silents.[22] By the mid 1930s the animation style was changing as well, chiyogami or paper animation was being phased out in favor of cel animation. Previously this latter form had been dismissed as too costly to use.[23] In 1934, the first entirely cel animated short entitled The Dance of the Chagamas was made.[11] Cel animated shorts of the mid 1930s borrowed aspects that were being used at the time by Disney. Towards the end of the decade, political events taking place at home as well as abroad were changing animation styles in Japan towards propaganda, and national pride.

  • Note: The kanji 漫画 means "cartoon", this is found before some of the titles in the sources listed below.
English NameJapanese NameRomajiFormatOriginal Release DateStatus
Crab Temple蟹満寺縁起KanimanjiengiShort Film1924[24]Extant
Genzo Performs a Ceremony with a Parting Cup赤垣源蔵徳利の別れAkagaki Genzo tokkuri no wakareShort Film1924[25]Unknown
Jewels Whisper宝珠のささやきHōshu no SasayakiShort Film1924[26]Unknown
Stand Up with Shinpei Goto人気の焦点に立てる後藤新平Ninki no shōten ni tateru Gotō ShinpeiShort Film1924[27]Unknown
The Hare and The Tortoise兎と亀Usagi to KameShort Film1924[28][29]Extant
Budget Politics予算政治Yosan seijiShort Film1925[30]Unknown
Dreamy Urashimaノンキナトウサン竜宮参りNonkinatousan Ryugu MairiShort Film1925[29]Lost film
Same Voters醒めよ有権者Sameyo yūkenshaShort Film1925[31]Unknown
Shiobara Tasuke塩原多助Shiobara TasukeShort Film1925[11][32]Extant
The PotポットPottoShort Film1925[33]Extant
Ubasuteyama姨捨山UbasuteyamaShort Film1925[34]Extant
A Story of Tobacco煙り草物語Kemurigusa MonogatariShort Film1926[35]Extant
Burglars of "Baghdad" Castle馬具田城の盗賊Bagudajo no tozokuShort Film1926[35]Extant
Diseases Spread病毒の伝播Byodoku no denpaShort Film1926[35]Extant
Ethicization of Politics by Shinpei Goto, 1926政治の倫理化 後藤新平 1926Eigaenzetsu Seiji no rinrika Gotō Shinpei 1926Short Film1926[34]Extant
Journey to the West: Songoku's Story西遊記孫悟空物語Saiyuuki: Son Gokuu MonogatariShort Film1926[36][37]Extant[38]
A Ship of Orangesみかん船Mikan-buneShort Film1927[36][37]Extant[38]
Kita Hell Paradise弥次喜多 地獄極楽Yaji-Kita jigoku gokurakuShort Film1927[39]Unknown
Power of Co-operation協同の力Kyōdō no chikaraShort Film1927[40]Unknown
Battle of a Monkey and a CrabB猿蟹合戦Sarukani gassenShort Film1927[41]Extant
The Octopus SkeletonタコなしホーンTako no HoneShort Film1927[37][42]Extant
The WhaleくじらKujiraShort Film1927[43][44]UnknownA
Animal Olympic Games動物オリムピック大会Doubutsu Olympic TaikaiShort Film1928[41][45]Extant
For the Sake of Your Country御国の為にOkuninotameniShort Film1928[46]Extant
Mighty Taro's Reckless Training大力太郎の無茶修行Tairiki Tarou no Mucha ShugyouShort Film1928[47]Extant
Momotaro the Undefeated日本一桃太郎Nihonichi MomotaroShort Film1928[48][34]Extant
The Bunbuku Teapot文福茶釜Bunbuku ChagamaShort Film1928[11]Extant
Star星HoshiShort Film1928[49]Lost film
The Eraeraera of the Proposed History Agreement普選漫史協定案の巻Fusen man shi kyōtei an no makiShort Film1928[50]Unknown
The Nation of Fish魚の國Sakana no kuniShort Film1928[33]Extant
The Old Man Who Made Flowers BloomB花咲爺Hanasaka-jijiShort Film1928[41]Extant
The Special Congress of Eraeraera普選漫史特別議会Fusen man shi tokubetsu gikaiShort Film1928[51]Unknown
Liar's Castleうそつき城Usotsuki-jōShort Film1929[52]Unknown
Taro's Toy Train太郎さんの汽車Taro-san no KishaShort Film1929[53][54]Extant
The Black Cat黒ニャゴKuro NyagoShort Film1929[37][53]Extant
The Golden Flowerこがねの花Kogane no hanaShort Film1929[34]Extant
The Stolen Lump瘤取りKobutoriShort Film1929[53][54]Extant
The Tiny One Makes it Big一寸法師ノ出世Issunboushi no ShusseShort Film1929[53]Extant
Two Worlds二つの世界Futatsu no sekaiShort Film1929[55]Extant
At the Border Checkpointお関所OsekishoShort Film1930[34]Extant
Chimney Sweep Pero煙突屋ペローEntotsuya PerooShort Film1930[56]Extant
Chopped Snakeちょん切れ蛇Chongire HebiShort Film1930[37][57]Extant
My Ski Tripおい等のスキーOira no sukiShort Film1930[41]Extant
Nonsense Story, Vol.1: Monkey Island難船ス物語 第壱篇 猿ヶ嶋Nansensu Monogatari Daiippen SarugashimaShort Film1930[34]Extant
The BatかうもりKomoriShort Film1930[53]Extant
The Donkey驢馬RobaShort Film1930[33]Extant
The Monkey Masamune猿正宗Saru MasamuneShort Film1930[37][58]Extant
The Village Festival村祭りMura MatsuriShort Film1930[59][60]Extant
A Fox and a Badger in Rivalry動絵狐狸達引Ugoki-e Kori no TatehikiShort Film1931[11]Extant
Animal Sumo動物相撲大会Doubutsu Sumo TaikaiShort Film1931[61]Extant
At the Circus見世物見物Misemono kenbutsuShort Film1931[41]Extant
A Wolf is a Wolf狼は狼だOkami wa okamidaShort Film1931[33]Extant
Bakahachi to jōshu-sama馬鹿八と城主様Bakahachi to jōshu-samaShort Film1931[62]Unknown
Chameko's Day茶目子の一日Chameko no IchinichiShort Film1931[63]Extant
Electrical Telegraphy, Electric Bells and Telephones電信 電鈴 電話Denshin Denrei DenwaShort Film1931[55]Extant
Home Alone Mice鼠の留守番Nezumi no RusubanShort Film1931[61]Extant
Momotaro's Sky Adventure空の桃太郎Sora no MomotarouShort Film1931[37][61]Extant
Old Man Goichi五一ぢいさんGo ichi dji isanShort Film1931[33]Extant
Our Baseball Matchおい等の野球Oira no YakyuuShort Film1931[53]Extant
Shipwreck Story - First Chapter - Monkey Island難船ス物語 第一篇 猿ケ島Nansensu Monogatari - Daiichi-hen - SarugashimaShort Film1931[64]Extant
Shipwreck Story - Second Chapter - The Pirate Ship難船ス物語 第二篇 海賊船Nansensu Monogatari - Daini-hen - KaizokusenShort Film1931[65]Extant
Slave War奴隷戦争Dorei sensoShort Film1931[66][67]Unknown
Song of Spring春の唄Haru no UtaShort Film1931[61][68]Extant
Spring Reviewレビュー 春Rebyu HaruShort Film1931[41]Extant
Tanukichi's Storyタヌ吉のお話Tanukichi no OhanashiShort Film1931[69]Unknown
Taro Urashima浦島太郎Urashima TaroShort Film1931[53]Extant
The Candy Man's Raccoon Dog DanceあめやたぬきAmeyatanukiShort Film1931[34]Extant
The Duckling Saves the Dayアヒルのお手柄Ahiru no OtegaraShort Film1931[70]Extant
The National Anthem Kimigayo国歌 君か代Kokka KimigayoShort Film1931[53][71]Extant
The Unlucky Butterfly蝶のさいなんCho no SainanShort Film1931[61]Extant
Three Little Bears三匹の小熊さんSanbiki no Koguma-sanShort Film1931[72]Extant
Will Power心の力Kokoro no chikaraShort Film1931[33]Extant
Armies of the Worldの列国陸軍Rekkoku RikugunShort Film1932[54]Extant
Detective Felix in TroubleFELIXノ迷探偵Felix no meitanteiShort Film1932[54]Extant
Momotarou of the Sea / Momotaro's Underwater Adventure海の桃太郎Umi no MomotaroShort Film1932[61][73]Extant
Olympic Games on Dankichi Islandダン吉島のオリムピック大会Dankichi-jima no Olympic TaikaiShort Film1932[74]Extant
Rhythmic Triangles/Fighting Cards三角のリズム トランプの爭Hatena, Sankaku no rizumu, Toranpu no arasoiShort Film1932[55]Extant
Sports Day at Animal Village動物村のスポーツデーDoubutsu-mura no Sports DayShort Film1932[61][75]Extant
The Bear Brothersまぐこ弟兄Ma guko otōto aniShort Film1932[33]Extant
The Cat Purr DanceニヤゴダンスNyago dansuShort Film1932[76]Extant
The Development of the Train汽車の發達Kisya no hattatsuShort Film1932[55]Extant
The Plane Cabby's Lucky Day大当り空の円タクOoatari Sora No EntakuShort Film1932[61]Extant
The Ugly Ducklingあひるの子Ahiru no koShort Film1932[55]Extant
Tonpei and Sarukichi豚平と猿吉Tonpei to SarukichiShort Film1932[35]Extant
A Day after a Hundred Years百年後の或る日Hyakunengo no aruhiShort Film1933[54]Extant
General of the Swamp沼の大将Numa no TaishouShort Film1933[77]Extant
Larks' Moving Day雲雀の宿替Hibari no YadogaeShort Film1933[61]Extant
Preventing Tuberculosis結核豫防KekkakuyoboShort Film1933[34]Extant
Private 2nd Class Norakuro: The Trainingのらくろ二等兵 演習の巻Norakuro Nitouhei: Enshuu no MakiShort Film1933[61][78]Extant
Private 2nd Class Norakuro: The Drillのらくろ二等兵 教練の巻Norakuro Nitouhei: Kyouren no MakiShort Film1933[61][78]Extant
Rascal Racoon紙芝居 いたづら狸の卷Kamishibai Itazuratanuki no makiShort Film1933[54]Extant
Sanko and the Octopus: A Fight Over a Fortune三公と蛸～百万両珍騒動Sanko to Tako: Hyakuman-ryo ChinsodoShort Film1933[61]Extant
The Monkey's Big Catchお猿の大漁Osaru no TairyouShort Film1933[79]Extant
The Three Fearless Frogs蛙三勇士Kaeru sanyushiShort Film1933[35]Extant
World of Power and Women力と女の世の中Chikara to Onna no Yo no NakaShort Film1933[11]Lost film
Yoshichiro Salutesまんが劇 與七郎の敬禮Mangageki Yoshichiro no keireiShort Film1933[33]Extant
Corporal Norakuroのらくろ伍長Norakuro GochouShort Film1934[37][80]Extant
Kamishibai Kintaro紙芝居 金太郎の卷Kamishibai Kintaro no makiShort Film1934[76]Extant
Hyoei and Heibei's Tengu Hunt天狗退治Tengu TaijiShort Film1934[80]Extant
Princess of the Moon Palace月の宮の王女様Tsuki no Miya no Oujo-samaShort Film1934[81]Extant
Sankichi the Monkey: Shock Troopsお猿の三吉 突撃隊Osaru no Sankichi: Totsugeki Tai no KanShort Film1934[80]Extant
Sankichi and Osayo A Genroku Romance元禄恋模様 三吉とおさよGenrokukoimoyo Sankichi to OsayoShort Film1934[41]Extant
Spring Comes to Ponsukeポン助の春Ponsuke no haruShort Film1934[76]Extant
The Dance of the Chagamas/The Teakettle Marching Song茶釜音頭Chagama OndoShort Film1934[11]Extant
The Gang and Dancerギャングと踊り子Gyangu to OdorikoShort Film1934[82]Unknown
Toy Box Series Episode 3: Picture Book 1936オモチャ箱シリーズ第3話 絵本1936年Omocha-Bako Series, Dai-3-Wa: Ehon 1936-nenShort Film1934[83][84]Extant
An ExpressionAN EXPRESSION(表現)An Expression, HyogenShort Film1935[54]Extant
Cowardly Samurai Squad弱虫珍選組Yowamushi ChinsengumiShort Film1935[85]Extant
Danemon Ban - The Monster Exterminator證城寺の狸囃子 塙団右衛門Ban Danemon - Shojoji no tanuki-bayashiShort Film1935[11][86]Extant
Ninja Fireball in Edo忍術火の玉小僧～江戸の巻Ninjutsu Hinotama Kozou: Edo no MakiShort Film1935[80]Extant
Private 1st Class NoraKuroのらくろ一等兵Norakuro IttoheiShort Film1935[87]Extant
Private 2nd Class NoraKuroのらくろ二等兵Norakuro NitouheiShort Film1935[88]Extant
PropagatePROPAGATE(開花)Propagate, KaikaShort Film1935[55]Extant
RhythmRHYTHM(リズム)Rhythm, RizumuShort Film1935[55]Extant
Ta-chan's Underwater Adventureターチャンの海底旅行Tāchan no kaitei ryokoShort Film1935[80]Extant
Taro's Monster Hunt古寺のおばけ騒動Furudera no Obake-soudouShort Film1935[89]Extant
The Hare in Inabaいなばの国の兎さんInabanokuni no usagisanShort Film1935[34]Extant
Tiny Chibisuke's Big Adventure一寸法師〜ちび助物語Issunboushi: Chibisuke MonogatariShort Film1935[80]Extant
Why is the Sea Water Salty?海の水はなぜからいUmi no Mizu Hanaze KaraiShort Film1935[80]Extant
A Night at the Bar居酒屋の一夜Izakaya no IchiyaShort Film1936[37][80]Extant
Chinkoroheibei and the Treasure Boxちんころ平平玉手箱Chinkoroheibei to tamatebakoShort Film1936[90]Extant
Mabo's Big Raceマー坊の大競争Mabo no DaikyosoShort Film1936[89][91]Extant
Mabo's Tokyo Olympicsマー坊の東京オリンピック大会Mabo no Tokyo Olympic TaikaiShort Film1936[91]Unknown
Mt. Kachikachi新説カチカチ山Shinsetsu Kachi Kachi YamaShort Film1936[92]Extant
My Big Emergencyおいらの非常時Oirano hijojiShort Film1936[41]Extant
Saturn土星DoseiShort Film1936[93]Unknown
Taro's Early Training Days日の丸太郎～武者修行の巻Hinomaru Tarou: Musha Shugyou no MakiShort Film1936[89]Extant
Taro's Training Days日の丸太郎 武者修行Hinomaru Tarou: ShashiShort Film1936[94]Unknown
The Monkey Fleetお猿の艦隊Osaru no KantaiShort Film1936[80]Extant
The Sparrows' Lodge雀のお宿Suzume no OyadoShort Film1936[80]Extant
The Sun and the Frogsお日様と蛙Ohi-sama to KaeruShort Film1936[80]Extant
Mabo's Boy Aviation Squadronマー坊の少年航空兵Mabo no Shonen KokutaiShort Film1937[95][91]Extant
The Making of a Color Animation色彩漫画の出來る迄Shikisaimanga no dekirumadeShort Film1937[54]Extant
The Missing Dumplingだんごの行方Dango no yukueShort Film1937[96]Unknown
Eagles鷲ArawashiShort Film1938[97]Unknown
Mabo as Tokichiro Kinoshitaマー坊の木下藤吉郎Mabo no Kinoshita ToukichiroShort Film1938[89]Extant
NoraKuro's Tiger Huntのらくろ虎退治Norakuro tora taijiShort Film1938[98]Extant
Sky Eagles空の荒鷲Sora no arawashiShort Film1938[91]Unknown
Taro Overseas海國太郎　新日本島萬歳Kaikoku Taro Shin Nihon-jima BanzaiShort Film1938[37]Extant
Tekusuke Monogatariテク助物語Tekusuke MonogatariShort Film1938[99]Extant
The Aerial Battle over Shanghai-Sora no Shanghai SensenShort Film1938[97]Unknown

See also

Notes

A.^ "The Whale" was recreated by Noburō Ōfuji in 1952 using cutouts of transparent coloured cellophane.[100] It is unclear what happened to the original black and white production.
B.^ Possibly a remake of the 1917 lost film of the same name.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Litten, Frederick. "Some remarks on the first Japanese animation films in 1917" (PDF). Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  2. 1 2 "Two Nine-Decade-Old Anime Films Discovered (Updated)". Anime News Network.
  3. 1 2 Jean Ann Wright (January 24, 2005). Animation Writing and Development: From Script Development to Pitch. Focal Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-2408-0549-8. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  4. ↑ "日本アニメ史:新説、「最古」は下川凹天の別作品". 2013-07-08. Archived from the original on July 12, 2013. Retrieved 2016-01-09.
  5. ↑ "The Dull Sword [the longest, digitally restored version]". animation.filmarchives.jp. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
  6. ↑ "夢の自動車" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  7. ↑ "花咲爺". Nikkatsu. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  8. ↑ "一寸法師" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-12.
  9. ↑ "金太郎" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-12.
  10. ↑ "雪達磨". Japanese Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Retrieved August 16, 2017.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sharp, Jasper (23 September 2004). "Pioneers of Japanese Animation". Midnight Eye: The Latest and Best in Japanese Cinema. Retrieved 2009-05-20.
  12. ↑ "蟻と鳩". Japanese Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Retrieved August 16, 2017.
  13. ↑ "蛙の夢". Japanese Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Retrieved August 16, 2017.
  14. ↑ "Urashima Tarō". animation.filmarchives.jp. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
  15. ↑ "The 1923 Tokyo Earthquake". Archived from the original on November 9, 2001. Retrieved 2007-02-22.
  16. ↑ Thomas A. Stanley and R.T.A. Irving (2001-09-05). "The 1923 Kanto Earthquake". Archived from the original on 2007-03-04. Retrieved 2007-02-22.
  17. ↑ James, Charles D. (2002-10-08). "The 1923 Tokyo Earthquake and Fire" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-22.
  18. ↑ Patten,Fred. Watching Anime, Reading Manga: 25 Years of Essays and Reviews. p. 370.
  19. ↑ urbanora (March 28, 2008). "Early anime discovered". thebioscope.net. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  20. ↑ Dym, Jeffrey A. (2003). Benshi, Japanese Silent Film Narrators, and Their Forgotten Narrative Art of Setsumei: A History of Japanese Silent Film Narration. Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN 978-0-7734-6648-7.
  21. ↑ Baricordi, Andrea (December 2000). Anime: A Guide to Japanese Animation (1958-1988). Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Protoculture Inc. p. 12. ISBN 2-9805759-0-9.
  22. ↑ Freiberg, Freda (1987). The Transition to Sound in Japan in History on/and/in Film. Perth: History & Film Association of Australia. p. 76.
  23. ↑ Sharp, Jasper (2009). "The First Frames of Anime". The Roots of Japanese Anime, official booklet, DVD.
  24. ↑ "蟹満寺縁起" (in Japanese). The National Film Center Japan. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
  25. ↑ "赤垣源蔵徳利の別れ". Japanese Movie Database (in Japanese). Retrieved August 15, 2017.
  26. ↑ "宝珠のささやき". Japanese Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Retrieved August 16, 2017.
  27. ↑ "人気の焦点に立てる後藤新平". Japanese Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Retrieved August 16, 2017.
  28. ↑ "兎と亀" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  29. 1 2 Jasper Sharp (October 13, 2011). Historical Dictionary of Japanese Cinema. Scarecrow Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-8108-5795-7. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  30. ↑ "予算政治". Japanese Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Retrieved August 16, 2017.
  31. ↑ "醒めよ有権者". Japanese Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Retrieved August 16, 2017.
  32. ↑ "Shiobara Tasuke" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "作品一覧 (1)". animation.filmarchives.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved May 18, 2017.
  34. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "作品一覧 (3)". animation.filmarchives.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved May 19, 2017.
  35. 1 2 3 4 5 "作品一覧 (2)". animation.filmarchives.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved May 19, 2017.
  36. 1 2 Jasper Sharp (October 13, 2011). Historical Dictionary of Japanese Cinema. Scarecrow Press. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-8108-5795-7. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sharp, Jasper (23 September 2004). "Pioneers of Japanese Animation (Part 2)". Midnight Eye: The Latest and Best in Japanese Cinema. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  38. 1 2 "Osaka venue guest events" (in Japanese). anikr.com. Retrieved 2016-01-11.
  39. ↑ "弥次喜多 地獄極楽". Japanese Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Retrieved August 24, 2017.
  40. ↑ "協同の力". Japanese Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Retrieved August 16, 2017.
  41. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "作品一覧 (4)". animation.filmarchives.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved May 19, 2017.
  42. ↑ Giannalberto Bendazzi (November 17, 2015). Animation: A World History: Volume I: Foundations - The Golden Age. CRC Press. p. none. ISBN 978-1-1388-5452-9. Retrieved 2016-01-11.
  43. ↑ Frenchy Lunning (December 26, 2007). Mechademia 2: Networks of Desire. Minnesota Press. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-8166-5266-2. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  44. ↑ Jonathan Clements, Helen McCarthy (March 3, 2015). The Anime Encyclopedia, 3rd Revised Edition: A Century of Japanese Animation. Stone Bridge Press. p. none. ISBN 978-1-6117-2018-1. Retrieved 2015-01-10.
  45. ↑ "動物オリムピック大" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  46. ↑ "御国の為に" (in Japanese). The National Film Center Japan. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
  47. ↑ "Tairiki Tarō no mucha shugyō". Japanese Cinema Database. Archived from the original on 11 December 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
  48. ↑ "Nihonichi Momotarō". Image Library. Musashino Bijutsu Daigaku. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
  49. ↑ "星". Japanese Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Retrieved August 24, 2017.
  50. ↑ "普選漫史協定案の巻". Japanese Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Retrieved August 16, 2017.
  51. ↑ "普選漫史特別議会". Japanese Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Retrieved August 16, 2017.
  52. ↑ "うそつき城". Japanese Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Retrieved August 16, 2017.
  53. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Japanese Anime Classic Collection [Disc 1]". www.digital-meme.com. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  54. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "作品一覧 (5)". animation.filmarchives.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved May 19, 2017.
  55. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "作品一覧 (6)". animation.filmarchives.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved May 19, 2017.
  56. ↑ "『煙突屋ペロー』（1930）戦争の影が忍び寄る昭和初期に制作されていたアニメ短編。" (in Japanese). webry.info. 2014-05-20. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  57. ↑ Jonathan Clements, Helen McCarthy (March 3, 2015). The Anime Encyclopedia, 3rd Revised Edition: A Century of Japanese Animation. Stone Bridge Press. p. none. ISBN 978-1-6117-2018-1. Retrieved 2015-01-11.
  58. ↑ "The Monkey Masamune". The Roots of Japanese Anime. Episode 4. 1930.
  59. ↑ "The Village Festival (村祭, 1930)". nishikataeiga.blogspot.com. March 15, 2010. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
  60. ↑ "The Village festival". The Roots of Japanese Anime. Episode 1. 1930.
  61. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Japanese Anime Classic Collection [Disc 2]". www.digital-meme.com. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  62. ↑ "Bakahachi to jōshu-sama". Japanese Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Retrieved August 10, 2017.
  63. ↑ "Chameko's Day". The Roots of Japanese Anime. Episode 5. 1931.
  64. ↑ "難船ス物語　第一篇　猿ケ島" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  65. ↑ "難船ス物語　第二篇　海" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  66. ↑ Jonathan Clements (November 28, 2013). Anime: A History. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 44. Retrieved August 16, 2017.
  67. ↑ "奴隷戦争". Japanese Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Retrieved August 16, 2017.
  68. ↑ "Song of Spring". The Roots of Japanese Anime. Episode 2. 1931.
  69. ↑ "タヌ吉のお話" (in Japanese). Japanese Media Arts Database. Retrieved August 8, 2017.
  70. ↑ "ディズニーほか初期アニメ". Toyfilm-museum.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved August 7, 2017.
  71. ↑ "The National Anthem Kimigayo". animation.filmarchives.jp. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
  72. ↑ "三匹の小熊さん". The National Film Center Japan. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  73. ↑ "海の桃太郎". animation.filmarchives.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved May 19, 2017.
  74. ↑ "Olympic Games on Dankichi Island". nishikataeiga.blogspot.com. April 14, 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  75. ↑ "Sports Day". animation.filmarchives.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved May 20, 2017.
  76. 1 2 3 "作品一覧 (7)". animation.filmarchives.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved May 19, 2017.
  77. ↑ "沼の大将". The National Film Center Japan (in Japanese). Retrieved July 14, 2017.
  78. 1 2 "のらくろ二等兵 演習の巻 - のらくろ二等兵 教練の巻". animation.filmarchives.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved May 19, 2017.
  79. ↑ "お猿の大漁". The National Film Center Japan (in Japanese). Retrieved July 14, 2017.
  80. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Japanese Anime Classic Collection [Disc 3]". www.digital-meme.com. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  81. ↑ "月の宮の王女様" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  82. ↑ "ギャングと踊り子". Japanese Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Retrieved August 24, 2017.
  83. ↑ Jasper Sharp. Historical Dictionary of Japanese Cinema. Scarecrow Press. p. 278. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  84. ↑ "DOBUTSU TONARI-GUMI / The Animal Neighborhood Community". anido-e.ocnk.net. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  85. ↑ ""Yowamushi Chinsengumi" (a.k.a. Cowardly samurai squad) has been selected for the 28th Tokyo International Film Festival screening!". Tokyo International Film Festival. October 10, 2015. Retrieved August 16, 2017.
  86. ↑ "Danemon Ban - the Monster Exterminator". The Roots of Japanese Anime. Episode 6. 1935.
  87. ↑ "のらくろ一等兵" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  88. ↑ "のらくろ二等兵" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  89. 1 2 3 4 "Japanese Anime Classic Collection [Disc 4]". www.digital-meme.com. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  90. ↑ "Chinkoroheibei and the Treasure Box". The Roots of Japanese Anime. Episode 3. 1936.
  91. 1 2 3 4 Jonathan Clements (November 28, 2013). Anime: A History. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 56. Retrieved August 15, 2017.
  92. ↑ "新説カチカチ山". The National Film Center Japan (in Japanese). Retrieved August 16, 2017.
  93. ↑ "土星". Japanese Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Retrieved August 16, 2017.
  94. ↑ "日の丸太郎 武者修行". Japanese Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Retrieved August 15, 2017.
  95. ↑ "Mabo no Shounen Koukuu Tsuwamono" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  96. ↑ "だんごの行方". Japanese Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Retrieved August 15, 2017.
  97. 1 2 Jonathan Clements (November 28, 2013). Anime: A History. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 44. Retrieved August 24, 2017.
  98. ↑ "NoraKuro's Tiger Hunt" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  99. ↑ "テク助物語". The National Film Center Japan (in Japanese). Retrieved July 14, 2017.
  100. ↑ Catherine Munroe Hotes (December 4, 2011). "Noburo Ofuji's Whale (くじら, 1952)". nishikataeiga.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
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