Babna Gora, Dobrova–Polhov Gradec

Babna Gora
Babna Gora with Veternik Hill in the background
Babna Gora
Location in Slovenia
Coordinates: 46°3′50.11″N 14°21′50.59″E / 46.0639194°N 14.3640528°E / 46.0639194; 14.3640528Coordinates: 46°3′50.11″N 14°21′50.59″E / 46.0639194°N 14.3640528°E / 46.0639194; 14.3640528
Country Slovenia
Traditional region Upper Carniola
Statistical region Central Slovenia
Municipality Dobrova–Polhov Gradec
Area
 • Total 3.51 km2 (1.36 sq mi)
Elevation 439.9 m (1,443.2 ft)
Population (2002)
 • Total 153
[1]

Babna Gora (pronounced [ˈbaːbna ˈɡɔːɾa]; German: Babnagora[2]) is a dispersed settlement, east of Polhov Gradec in the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.[3] It stands below Veternik Hill (554 m; also known as Vetrnik[4] or Tabor).[5] It includes the hamlet of Zibel to the southwest of the main settlement.[4]

Name

Babna Gora was first mentioned in 1315 as ouf dem Babenberch pei dem Stein (literally, 'on Mount Baben by the stone') and in 1490 as Babina Gora.[6] It is mentioned as Wabnagora or Babnagora in Johann Weikhard von Valvasor's 1689 work The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola.[7] In the past it was known as Babnagora in German.[8] Oral tradition claims that the name Babna Gora (literally, 'women's mountain' or 'broad's mountain') is derived from the Babčar Fort[9][10] (see below) because the local women would take refuge there and to repel Turkish attacks. However, because the fortification postdates the 1315 attestation of the village's name (the Turks attacked the area only once, in 1476), this is merely a folk explanation. In fact, lone cliffs or rock formations are often named Baba 'old woman' or Dedec 'old man' in Slovenia, and it is from this that the toponym Babna Gora and oeconym Babčar are derived.[11]

History

Valvasor's 1689 The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola states that an "old, destroyed, mighty camp" stood at the top of Veternik Hill and that it was a "large structure, containing fourteen rooms."[7] This fortification, the Babčar Fort (Babčarjev tabor), is named after the Babčar farm in the village and dates back to at least the 15th century.[10] The ruins of the Babčar Fort are protected as cultural heritage.[12]

Mass grave

The forest just outside Babna Gora is the site of a civilian mass grave from World War II known as the Martinčič Family Grave (Slovene: Grob Martinčičeve družine). The victims were nine members of the Hudnik family from the Martinčič farm (an oeconym) that were executed by the Partisans on 12 April 1942 for sheltering a deserter.[13][14][15]

Cultural heritage

In addition to the Babčar Fort, several other structures in Babna Gora have protected cultural monument status:

  • Veternik Fort (Gradišče Veternik) is a prehistoric archaeological site on an artificial terrace on Veternik Hill measuring approximately 50 by 20 m. Pottery shards and remnants of a ceramic coil were discovered here.[16]
  • The house at Babna Gora no. 18, in the hamlet of Zibel, is a single-story stone-walled house with a central entryway and dormer. The year 1843 is carved into the circular door casing made of black limestone, and fragments of painting are preserved on the facade.[17]
  • At Babna Gora no. 8, at the Glažar Farm, there is a black marble plaque commemorating that the Executive Committee of the Liberation Front spent the winter of 1942/43 here. The memorial was installed in 1951.[4][18][19]
  • In the upper part of the settlement before the forest, known as Rupe, there is a stone wall topped with the triple crest of Mount Triglav and a black marble plaque commemorating a temporary Partisan encampment during the Second World War and a checkpoint for the regional committee of the Communist Party. The memorial was created in 1958.[20]

References

  1. ↑ "Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia". Stat.si. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
  2. ↑ Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 118.
  3. ↑ "Dobrova–Polhov Gradec municipal site". Dobrova-polhovgradec.si. Archived from the original on 2014-01-16. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
  4. 1 2 3 Savnik, Roman, ed. 1971. Krajevni leksikon Slovenije, vol. 2. Ljubljana: Državna založba Slovenije. p. 401.
  5. ↑ "Babna Gora at Geopedia" (in Slovenian). V1.geopedia.si. Archived from the original on 2012-11-25. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
  6. ↑ "Babna Gora" (in Slovenian). Dobrova-polhovgradec.si. Archived from the original on 2014-02-02. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
  7. 1 2 "Die Ehre deß Hertzogthums Crain, vol. 2, chapter 62, page 268" (in German). Diglib.hab.de. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
  8. ↑ Intelligenzblatt zur Laibacher Zeitung, no. 141. 24 November 1849, p. 13.
  9. ↑ "Babna Gora: Polhograjska Grmada" (in Slovenian). Dobrova-polhovgradec.si. Archived from the original on 2014-02-02. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
  10. 1 2 Radešček, Rado, & Milan Bizovičar. 1983. Slovenske legende. Ljubljana: Cankarjeva založba, p. 49.
  11. ↑ "Izlet v Polhov Gradec" (in Slovenian). Zlate-ostroge.org. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
  12. ↑ Slovenian Ministry of Culture register of national heritage reference number ešd 22669
  13. ↑ "Martinčič Family Grave at Geopedia" (in Slovenian). Geopedia.si. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
  14. ↑ Matija Škerbec. 1957. Krivda rdeče fronte. Cleveland: Author, p. 48.
  15. ↑ "Hudnik family graves and memorials at Dobrova". Findagrave.com. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
  16. ↑ Slovenian Ministry of Culture register of national heritage Archived 2015-02-06 at the Wayback Machine. reference number ešd 23093
  17. ↑ Slovenian Ministry of Culture register of national heritage reference number ešd 17203
  18. ↑ Kardelj, Edvard, & Boris Kidrič. 1963. Jesen 1942: korespondenca Edvarda Kardelja in Borisa Kidriča. Ljubljana: Inštitut za zgodovino delavskega gibanja, p. 108.
  19. ↑ Slovenian Ministry of Culture register of national heritage reference number ešd 17240
  20. ↑ Slovenian Ministry of Culture register of national heritage reference number ešd 9434
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