Azad Maidan riots

Azad Maidan Riots was initially a protest organized in Azad Maidan on 11 August 2012 to condemn the Rakhine riots and Assam riots, which later turned into a riot. The riot reportedly began as the crowd got angry either after hearing an inflammatory speech or after seeing photographs of Assam violence and Rakhine state riots. The riot resulted in two deaths and injuries to 54 people including 45 policemen.^[2] Mumbai Police estimated that the riots caused a loss of ₹2.74 crore in damages to public and private property.

Background

The indigenous Bodo community of Assam alleged that the Muslim population is increasing in Assam due to the large influx of illegal immigrants from Bangladesh, while the local Muslim community brushed it aside saying that they migrated to Assam during the British Raj. But, with the increasing population, there arose competition for lands, livelihood and power,^[3] which led to Assam agitation. Both the indigenous people of Assam and Bengali Muslims felt that the Central Government failed to protect both sides.

In 1998, Lt Gen SK Sinha, who was then Governor of Assam, had sent a report to then Indian President, KR Narayanan, explaining about the problems that the unchecked illegal immigration of Bangladeshis would bring to the integrity of India.^[3] In that report, he had highlighted the history that Assam was first claimed by Pakistan during 1947 and then by Bangladesh, due to its rich natural resources. The report raised worries about what might happen if the illegal immigrants gain majority and ask for secession from India. He also cited the 'Greater Bangladesh project' which might entice the immigrants to merge those regions of Assam with Bangladesh^[3]

The rapid growth of international Islamic fundamentalism may provide the driving force for this demand. The loss of lower Assam will severe the entire North-East from the rest of India and the rich natural resources of that region will be lost to the nation.

— S K Sinha.^[4]

This ethnic tension between the indigenous Bodo people and Bengali Muslims escalated into a riot in Kokrajhar on 20 July 2012, when unidentified miscreants killed four Bodo youths at Joypur.^[5] This was followed by retaliatory attacks on local Muslims killing two and injuring several of them on the morning of 21 July 2012.^[5] The continued riot has consumed 77 people and had displaced more than 4 lakh people.^[6]

Similar riot was taking place in Burma between the indigenous Rakhine Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims, where Rohingyas were alleged to be illegal immigrants from Bangladesh.

Rally at Azad Maidan

To condemn the Assam and Rakhine riots, Raza Academy organized a protest rally on 11 August 2012. There were reports from intelligence that there had been provocative messages going around via SMS in Mumbai.^[7] A day before the demonstration, police were warned that Friday prayer and gathering had urged a lot of people to turn up for protest.^[8]Raza Academy which had organized the protest had earlier assured the Mumbai Police that only 1500 people will turn up.^[9] But on the fateful day, around 15000 people assembled at the Azad Maidan and the crowd swelled to over 40000 people.^[10]

Police Commissioner Patnaik said the protest turned violent around 3 pm when some members of the crowd began showing “provocative photos” of events in Assam.^[1] A section of the mob started attacking OB vans and media crew. Rioters soon started torching vehicles, damaging buses and pelting stones towards policemen.^[11] Three OB vans and a police vehicle were set on fire.^[11] And the stone pelting resulted in the damage of a BEST bus, two four-wheelers and five two-wheelers.^[11]

A group of rioters then started marching towards the nearby Chaththrapathi Sivaji terminus, which was contained successfully by the police nearby.

Police claimed that “at least five woman police constables were molested by mob."^[12] Also, the injured policemen said the protestors beat them with hockey stick,^[13] iron rod,^[13] stones,^[13] wooden mace with nails^[13] and metal rod.^[13]

These riots led to panic in the nearby colleges and hospitals. Cama and Albless Hospital and St Xavier’s College went in lock-down mode to prevent rioters from entering their premises.^[14]

Desecration of Amar Jawan Jyoti

Amar Jawan Jyoti memorial, which is a war memorial dedicated to the fighters of the 1857, First Indian Freedom Struggle, was desecrated by the rioters. ^[15]

Arrests

Within a week of the riots, 43 rioters were arrested in Mumbai.^[16] Investigations were then taken over by Mumbai Crime Branch.^[17]

Salim Allarakha Choukiya (Ali), who had snatched a self loading Rifle from a policeman and is alleged to have fired from it, was arrested on 16 August.^[18] Abdul Quadir Mohammed Younus Ansari was arrested on 28 August in Bihar for damaging the Amar Jawan memorial.^[15]

On 9 November 2012, Mumbai Police formally charged 80 people,^[19] including Maulana Athar (president of Ulema Board) and Saeed Noori (secretary of Raza Academy), before Esplanade court in south Mumbai. The charges against some of the accused were criminal conspiracy, murder, damaging public properties, unlawful assembly and indulging in violence.^[19] Police claim that the riots were pre-planned as rioters appeared with rods and petrol for the rally.^[20] The Mumbai police Commissioner was transferred for failing to prevent the riot despite having received prior intelligence inputs.^[2]

Reactions

• The President of the Raza Academy, Alhaj Mohammed Saeed Noori Sahab, said the “miscreants” involved in the violence were not associated with the academy. “Our protest was peaceful,” he said.^[21] Noori stated that an “irresponsible” speech had been made during the rally, which the Indian Express claimed, exacerbated tensions.^[21]
• On August 14, 2012, Bal Thackeray chief of Shiv Sena and editor of Saamna newspaper published an editorial condemning the Congress-ruled Maharashtra government for "bowing" before "anti-national" rioters. He compared the violence with the 26/11 terrorist attack on Mumbai.^[22]

References