Astragalus propinquus

Astragalus propinquus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Genus: Astragalus
Species: A. propinquus
Binomial name
Astragalus propinquus
Synonyms[1]
  • Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge
  • Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge var. mongholicus (Bunge)P.K.Hsiao
  • Astragalus propinquus Schischkin var. glabra Vydr.
  • Phaca membranacea Fisch.

Astragalus propinquus (syn. Astragalus membranaceus,[2] commonly known as Mongolian milkvetch[3] in English and as huáng qí (Chinese: 黄芪), běi qí (Chinese: 北芪) or huáng huā huáng qí (Chinese: 黄花黄耆),[4] in Chinese, is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine.[5] It is a perennial plant and it is not listed as being threatened.[1]

Herbalism

A. propinquus is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).[6] A. propinquus is an component in Lectranal, a food supplement used in treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis,[7] though there is limited evidence of its effectiveness.[8]

Chemistry

Chemical constituents of the roots (Radix Astragali) include polysaccharides and triterpenoids (such as astragalosides),[9] as well as isoflavones (including kumatakenin, calycosin, and formononetin) and their glycosides and malonates.[10] An extract of A. propinquus called TA-65 may activate telomerase, extending the lengths of the shortest telomeres which protect the terminal DNA at the ends of all chromosomes.[11] It contains the saponin cycloastragenol.

Toxicology

While several other species of Astragalus are known to cause severe poisonings in livestock due to indolizine alkaloids, aliphatic nitro compounds, and accumulated selenium,[12] none of these constituents have been detected in Astragalus propinquus used in dietary supplements and TCM preparations.[13]

Compendial status

A. propinquus is listed in the following official Pharmacopeia:

  • Japanese Pharmacopoeia[14]

See also

Notes and references

  1. 1 2 3 "Astragalus propinquus Schischkin". LegumeWeb. International Legume Database & Information Service. 2005-11-01. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
  2. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-04-13. Retrieved 2013-09-09.
  3. ↑ English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 368. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2017 – via Korea Forest Service.
  4. ↑ Joe Hing Kwok Chu. "Huang qi". Complementary and Alternative Healing University. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
  5. ↑ "Astragalus membranaceus - Moench". Plants for a Future.
  6. ↑ Block, Keith I.; Mead, Mark N. (1 September 2003). "Immune System Effects of Echinacea, Ginseng, and Astragalus: A Review". Integrative Cancer Therapies. 2 (3): 247–267. doi:10.1177/1534735403256419. PMID 15035888.
  7. ↑ Matkovic Z, Zivkovic V, Korica M, Plavec D, Pecanic S, Tudoric N (2010). "Efficacy and safety of Astragalus membranaceus in the treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis". Phytother Res. 24 (2): 175–81. doi:10.1002/ptr.2877. PMID 19504468.
  8. ↑ Guo, Ruoling; Pittler, Max H.; Ernst, Edzard (December 2007). "Herbal medicines for the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a systematic review". Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. 99 (6): 483–495. doi:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60375-4. PMID 18219828.
  9. ↑ Xu, Q.; Ma, X.; Liang, X. (2007). "Determination of Astragalosides in the Roots of Astragalus spp. Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry". Phytochemical Analysis. 18 (5): 419–427. doi:10.1002/pca.997. PMID 17624885.
  10. ↑ Lin, L. Z.; He, X. G.; Lindenmaier, M.; Nolan, G.; Yang, J.; Cleary, M.; Qiu, S. X.; Cordell, G. A. (2000). "Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study of the Flavonoids of the Roots of Astragalus mongholicus and A. membranaceus". Journal of Chromatography A. 876 (1–2): 87–95. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00149-7. PMID 10823504.
  11. ↑ Harley, C. B.; Liu, W.; Blasco, M.; Vera, E.; Andrews, W. H.; Briggs, L. A.; Raffaele, J. M. (2011). "A Natural Product Telomerase Activator As Part of a Health Maintenance Program". Rejuvenation Research. 14 (1): 45–56. doi:10.1089/rej.2010.1085. PMC 3045570. PMID 20822369.
  12. ↑ Rios, J. L; Waterman, P. G (1997). "A review of the pharmacology and toxicology of Astragalus". Phytotherapy Research. 11 (6): 411–418. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199709)11:6<411::AID-PTR132>3.0.CO;2-6.
  13. ↑ "Astragalus". WebMD.
  14. ↑ Japanese Pharmacopoeia (PDF) (15th ed.). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-22.
  • "Astragalus membranaceus - Moench". Plants for a Future.
  • "Astragalus membranaceus (FISCH. EX LINK) BUNGE - Fabaceae". Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. ARS / GRIN. Archived from the original on 2004-11-15.
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