Arleigh Burke-class destroyer

Arleigh Burke-class destroyer
USS Arleigh Burke in Chesapeake Bay in 2013
Class overview
Name: Arleigh Burke class
Builders:
Operators:  United States Navy
Preceded by: Kidd class
Cost: US$1.843 billion per ship (DDG 114–116, FY2011/12)[1]
Built: 1988–present
In commission: 1991–present
Planned: 82 as of July 2018[2]
On order: 5
Building: 4
Completed: 68
Active: 65
General characteristics
Type: Guided missile destroyer
Displacement:
  • Fully loaded:
  • Flight I: 8,184 long tons (8,315 t)
  • Flight II: 8,300 long tons (8,400 t)
  • Flight IIA: 9,100 long tons (9,200 t)
  • Flight III: 9,600 long tons (9,800 t)[3]
Length:
  • Flights I and II: 505 ft (154 m)
  • Flight IIA: 509 ft (155 m)
Beam: 66 ft (20 m)
Draft: 30.5 ft (9.3 m)
Installed power: 3 × Allison AG9140 Generators (2,500 kW each, 440 V)
Propulsion:
Speed: In excess of 30 kn (56 km/h; 35 mph)
Range: 4,400 nmi (8,100 km) at 20 kn (37 km/h; 23 mph)
Boats & landing
craft carried:		 2 × rigid hull inflatable boats
Complement:
  • Flight I: 303 total[5]
  • Flight IIA: 23 officers, 300 enlisted[5]
Crew: 276
Sensors and
processing systems:
Electronic warfare
& decoys:
Armament:
Aircraft carried:
Aviation facilities:
  • Flights I and II: Flight deck only, but LAMPS III electronics installed on landing deck for coordinated DDG-51/helo ASW operations
  • Flight IIA onwards: Flight deck and enclosed hangars for two MH-60R LAMPS III helicopters

The Arleigh Burke class of guided missile destroyers (DDGs) is the United States Navy's first class of destroyer built around the Aegis Combat System and the SPY-1D multifunction passive electronically scanned array radar. The class is named for Admiral Arleigh Burke, an American destroyer officer in World War II, and later Chief of Naval Operations. The class leader, USS Arleigh Burke, was commissioned during Admiral Burke's lifetime.

These warships were designed as multimission destroyers,[5] able to fulfill the strategic land strike role with Tomahawk missiles; antiaircraft warfare (AAW) role with powerful Aegis radar and surface-to-air missiles; antisubmarine warfare (ASW), with towed sonar array, anti-submarine rockets, and ASW helicopter; and antisurface warfare (ASuW) with Harpoon missile launcher. With upgrades to their AN/SPY-1 phased radar systems and their associated missile payloads as part of the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System, the ships of this class have also begun to demonstrate some promise as mobile antiballistic missile and anti-satellite weaponry platforms. Some versions of the class no longer have the towed sonar, or Harpoon missile launcher. Their hull and superstructure were designed to have a reduced radar cross section.[9]

The first ship of the class was commissioned on 4 July 1991. With the decommissioning of the last Spruance-class destroyer, USS Cushing, on 21 September 2005, the Arleigh Burke-class ships became the U.S. Navy's only active destroyers, until the Zumwalt class became active in 2016. The Arleigh Burke class has the longest production run for any post-World War II U.S. Navy surface combatant.[10] Besides the 62 vessels of this class (comprising 21 of Flight I, 7 of Flight II and 34 of Flight IIA) in service by 2016, up to a further 42 (of Flight III) have been envisioned.

With an overall length of 505 to 509 feet (154 to 155 m), displacement ranging from 8,315 to 9,200 tons, and weaponry including over 90 missiles, the Arleigh Burke class are larger and more heavily armed than most previous ships classified as guided missile cruisers.[11]

Characteristics

USS Cole and two other Arleigh Burke-class vessels docked at Naval Station Norfolk in July 2009
Flight I ship USS Fitzgerald with TACTAS (tactical towed array sonar) in the center of the fantail, no helicopter hangars, and distinctive stacks
Flight IIA ship USS Mustin without TACTAS in the center of the fantail, but with aft helicopter hangars, Phalanx CIWS mount and different exhaust stacks
Starboard side of USS Momsen, with torpedo tubes mounted on missile deck, rather than earlier amidships mounting, and superstructure changes to accommodate a Remote Minehunting System (RMS) holding bay
USS Forrest Sherman in 2007, test firing her new 5"/62 caliber Mark 45 Mod 4 gun, located forward of her 32-cell missile pack module

The ships of the Arleigh Burke class are among the largest destroyers built in the United States. Only the Spruance, Kidd (563 ft or 172 m) and Zumwalt classes (600 ft or 180 m) are longer. The larger Ticonderoga-class ships were constructed on Spruance-class hull forms, but are designated as cruisers due to their radically different mission and weapons systems than the Spruance and Kidd-class destroyers. The Arleigh Burke class were designed with a new, large, water-plane area-hull form characterized by a wide flaring bow which significantly improves sea-keeping ability. The hull form is designed to permit high speed in high sea states.[9]

The designers of Arleigh Burke incorporated lessons learned from the Ticonderoga-class guided-missile cruisers, which were deemed too expensive to continue building and too difficult to further upgrade. With the Arleigh Burke class, the U.S. Navy also returned to all-steel construction. An earlier generation had combined a steel hull with an innovative superstructure made of lighter aluminum to reduce top weight, but the lighter metal proved vulnerable to cracking. Aluminum is also less fire-resistant than steel;[12] a 1975 fire aboard USS Belknap gutted her aluminum superstructure.[13] Battle damage to Royal Navy ships exacerbated by their aluminum superstructures during the 1982 Falklands War supported the decision to use steel. Another lesson from the Falklands War[14] led the navy to protect the ship's vital spaces with double-spaced steel armor (creating a buffer against modern rockets) and kevlar spall liners.

The Arleigh Burke design incorporates stealth techniques, such as the angled rather than traditional vertical surfaces and the tripod mainmast,[15][16] which make the ship more difficult to detect, in particular by antiship missiles. A Collective Protection System makes the Arleigh Burke class the first U.S. warships designed with an air-filtration system against nuclear, biological, and chemical warfare.[17] Other NBC defenses include a "countermeasure wash down system".[18]

Their Aegis Combat System differs from a traditional rotating radar that mechanically rotates 360 degrees for each sweep scan of the airspace. Instead, Aegis uses a passive electronically scanned array, which allows continual tracking of targets simultaneous with area scans. The system's computer control also allows centralization of the previously separate tracking and targeting functions. The system is also resistant to electronic countermeasures. Their stand-alone Harpoon antiship missile launchers give them an antiship capability with a range in excess of 64 nautical miles (119 km; 74 mi).[9]

With the retirement of the Tomahawk antiship missile variant, only the Arleigh Burke-class ships before Flight IIA versions are well-equipped for antisurface warfare with Harpoon launchers. Others are not, but are loaded with SM-2 missiles in their vertical launch cells capable of an antiship mode, though they have limited range and damage potential.[19]

"The 5-inch/54 caliber Mark 45 gun, in conjunction with the Mark 34 Gun Weapon System, is an antiship weapon which can also be used for close-in air contacts or to support forces ashore with Naval gunfire support (NGFS), with a range of up to 20 miles (32 km) and capable of firing 20 rounds per minute." The class's RIM-7 Sea Sparrow/RIM-162 ESSM missiles provide point defense against missiles and aircraft while the Standard Missile SM-2 and SM-6 provide area antiaircraft defense; the SM-6 provides over-the-horizon missile defense.[20][21] The Standard Missile 3 and 6 also provide Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD).[21]

The ship has an electronics warfare suite that provides passive detection and decoy countermeasures.[9] The class's Light Airborne Multi-Purpose System (LAMPS) helicopter system improves the ship's capabilities against submarines and surface ships, a helicopter able to serve as a platform to monitor submarines and surface ships, and launch torpedoes and missiles against them, as well as being able to support ground assaults with machine guns and Hellfire antiarmor guided missiles.[22] The helicopters also serve in a utility role, able to perform ship replenishment, search and rescue, medical evacuation, communications relay, and naval gunfire spotting and controlling.

The Arleigh Burke class is a set of multimission ships with numerous combat systems, including a "combination of... an advanced antisubmarine warfare system (ASW), land attack cruise missiles, ship-to-ship missiles, and advanced antiaircraft missiles,"[14] Burkes have the Navy's latest antisubmarine combat system with active sonar, a towed sonar array, and antisubmarine rockets. They support strategic land strikes with their VLS launched Tomahawks.[9] They are able to detect antiship mines at a range of about 1400 meters.[23]

So vital has the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMD) role of the class become that all ships of the class are being updated with BMD capability.[24] Burke production is being restarted in place of additional Zumwalt-class destroyers.[25]

Development

Profile of Flight IIA Arleigh Burke-class destroyer

In 1980, the U.S. Navy initiated design studies with seven contractors. By 1983 the number of competitors had been reduced to three: Bath Iron Works, Todd Shipyards, and Ingalls Shipbuilding.[17] On 3 April 1985 Bath Iron Works received a US$321.9 million contract to build the first of class, USS Arleigh Burke.[26] Gibbs & Cox was awarded the contract to be the lead ship design agent.[27] The total cost of the first ship was put at US$1.1 billion, the other US$778 million being for the ship's weapons systems.[26] She was laid down by the Bath Iron Works at Bath, Maine, on 6 December 1988, and launched on 16 September 1989 by Mrs. Arleigh Burke. The Admiral himself was present at her commissioning ceremony on 4 July 1991, held on the waterfront in downtown Norfolk, Virginia.

The "Flight II Arleigh Burke" ships have the following improvement over the original Flight I: incorporation of combat direction finding, SLQ-32V-3, TADIX-B, JTIDS command and control processor, and the capability to launch and control SM-2 Block IV Extended Range Missile.[28]

The "Flight IIA Arleigh Burke" ships have several new features, beginning with USS Oscar Austin (DDG-79). Among the changes is the addition of two hangars for antisubmarine warfare (ASW) helicopters, and a new, longer 5-inch/62-caliber (127 mm) Mark 45 Mod 4 naval gun (installed onto USS Winston S. Churchill (DDG-81) and later ships). Later Flight IIA ships starting with USS Mustin (DDG-89) have a modified funnel design that buries the funnels within the superstructure as a signature-reduction measure. TACTAS towed array sonar was omitted from Flight IIA ships and they also lack Harpoon missile launchers.[29]

Ships from DDG-68 to DDG-84 have AN/SLQ-32 antennas that resemble V3 configuration similar to those deployed on Ticonderoga-class cruiser, while the remainder has V2 variants externally resembling those deployed on some Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigate. V3 has an active electronic countermeasures component while V2 is passive only. AN/SLQ-32 is being upgraded under the Surface Electronic Warfare Improvement Program (SEWIP), the first SEWIP Block 2 upgrades were installed in 2014 with full-rate production scheduled for mid-2015.[29]

A number of Flight IIA ships were constructed without a Phalanx CIWS because of the planned Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile, but later the Navy decided to retrofit all IIA ships to carry at least one Phalanx CIWS by 2013.[30] In March 2017, it was reported that the Navy plans to incorporate Seasaber Increment 1, a 60 kW-class laser weapon, into an unnamed Flight IIA destroyer by the fiscal year of 2020.[31]

USS Pinckney, USS Momsen, USS Chung-Hoon, USS Nitze, USS James E. Williams and USS Bainbridge[32] have superstructure differences to accommodate the Remote Mine-hunting System (RMS). Mk 32 torpedo tubes were moved to the missile deck from amidships as well.

Modernization

In an effort to address congressional concerns over the retirement of the Iowa-class battleship, the Navy began a modernization program for the Arleigh Burkes aimed at improving their gun systems. This modernization was to include an extension of the range of the 5-inch (127 mm) guns on the flight I Arleigh Burke-class destroyers (USS Arleigh Burke to USS Ross) with extended range guided munitions (ERGMs) that would have given the guns a range of 40 nautical miles (74 km).[33][34][35] However, the ERGM was cancelled in 2008.[36]

The modernization program is designed to provide a comprehensive mid-life upgrade to ensure that the class remains effective. Reduced manning, increased mission effectiveness, and a reduced total cost including construction, maintenance, and operation are the goals of the modernization program. Modernization technologies will be integrated during new construction of DDG-111 and 112, then retrofitted into DDG flight I and II ships during in-service overhaul periods.[37] The first phase will update the hull, mechanical, and electrical systems while the second phase will introduce an open architecture computing environment (OACE). The result will be improved capability in both ballistic missile defense (BMD) and littoral combat.[38][39] By 2018, all Arleigh Burke-class ships homeported in the Western Pacific will have upgraded ASW systems, including the new AN/SQR-20, renamed the TB-37/U, Multi-Function Towed Array (MFTA) sonar systems.[40][41]

The Navy is also upgrading the ships' ability to process data. Beginning with USS Spruance (DDG-111), the Navy is installing an internet protocol (IP) based data backbone, which enhances the ship's ability to handle video. Spruance is the first destroyer to be fitted with the Boeing Company's gigabit Ethernet data multiplex system (GEDMS).[42]

In July 2010 BAE Systems announced that it had been awarded a contract to modernize 11 ships.[43] In May 2014 Sam LaGrone reported that 21 of the 28 Flight I/II Arleigh Burke-class ships would not receive a mid-life upgrade that included electronics and Aegis Baseline 9 software for SM-6 compatibility, instead they would retain the basic BMD 3.6.1 software in a $170 million upgrade concentrating on mechanical systems and on some ships, their antisubmarine suite.[44] Seven Flight I ships – DDG 51–53, 57, 61, 65, 69 – will get the full US$270m Baseline 9 upgrade.[44] Deputy of surface warfare Dave McFarland said that this change was due to the budget cuts in the Budget Control Act of 2011.[45]

In 2016, the Navy announced they would begin the outfitting of 34 Flight IIA Arleigh Burke vessels with a hybrid-electric drive (HED) to lower fuel costs. While the four LM-2500 gas turbines of the Arleigh Burkes are most efficient at high speeds, an electric motor is to be attached to the main reduction gear to turn the drive shaft to propel the ship at speeds under 13 knots (24 km/h), such as during ballistic missile defense or maritime security operations. Use of the HED for half the time could extend time on station by 2.5 days before refueling.[46] In March 2018, the Navy announced the HED would complete installation onto USS Truxtun (DDG-103) but upgrades of further destroyers would be halted. Budget priorities and design issues caused the move, and Truxtun will be used to test the technology and see if it can be improved.[47]

Also in 2016, four destroyers patrolling with the U.S. 6th Fleet based in Naval Station Rota, Spain (USS Porter, USS Carney, USS Ross, USS Donald Cook) received self-protection upgrades, replacing a Phalanx CIWS with the SeaRAM close-range ship defense system combining the Phalanx sensor dome with an 11-cell missile launcher. This was the first time the system was paired with an Aegis ship.[48]

In February 2018, Lockheed Martin received a contract to deliver their High Energy Laser and Integrated Optical-dazzler with Surveillance (HELIOS) system for installation onto an Arleigh Burke destroyer. The laser can generate 60–150 kW of power to "dazzle" or destroy small boats and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). It is the first time a laser will be mounted on a U.S. Navy ship since the XN-1 LaWS was mounted on USS Ponce in 2014 and the first time a laser weapon will be put on a warship. The HELIOS is to be delivered in 2020.[49][50]

Production restarted and further development

The class was scheduled to be replaced by Zumwalt-class destroyers beginning in 2020,[51] but an increasing threat from both long- and short-range missiles caused the Navy to restart production of the Arleigh Burke class and consider placing littoral combat mission modules on the new ships.[52][53]

In April 2009 the Navy announced a plan that limited the Zumwalt class to three units while ordering another three Arleigh Burke-class ships from both Bath Iron Works and Ingalls Shipbuilding.[25] In December 2009 Northrop Grumman received a $170.7 million letter contract for DDG-113 long-lead-time materials.[54] Shipbuilding contracts for DDG-113 to DDG-115 were awarded in mid-2011 for US$679.6m–$783.6m;[55] these do not include government-furnished equipment such as weapons and sensors which will take the average cost of the FY2011/12 ships to US$1.843b per vessel.[1]

DDG-113 to DDG-115 will be "restart" ships, similar to previous Flight IIA ships, but including modernization features such as Open Architecture Computing Environment. DDG-116 to DDG-121 will be "Technology Insertion" ships with elements of Flight III.[56] Flight III proper will begin with the third ship procured in 2016.[57]

Flight III ships, construction starting in FY2016 in place of the canceled CG(X) program, have various design improvements including radar antennas of mid-diameter increased to 14 feet (4.3 m) from the previous 12 feet (3.7 m).[58] These Air and Missile Defense Radars (AMDR) use digital beamforming, instead of the earlier passive electronically scanned array radars.[59]

Costs for the Flight III ships increased rapidly as expectations and requirements for the program have grown. In particular, this was due to the changing requirements needed to carry the proposed Air and Missile Defense Radar system required for the ships' ballistic missile defense role.[60] The Government Accountability Office found that the design of the Flight IIIs was based on "a significantly reduced threat environment from other Navy analyses" and that the new ships would be "at best marginally effective". The U.S. Navy disagrees with the GAO findings, claiming the DDG-51 hull is "absolutely" capable of fitting a large enough radar to meet requirements. Installation of the AMDR would require double the power and double the cooling, but there is room to fit what is needed inside the hull.[61]

In spite of the production restart, the U.S. Navy is expected to fall short of its requirement for 94 destroyer or cruiser platforms capable of missile defense starting in FY 2025 and continuing past the end of the 30-year planning window. While this is a new requirement as of 2011, and the U.S. Navy has never had so many large missile-armed surface combatants, the relative success of the Aegis ballistic missile defense system has shifted this national security requirement onto the U.S. Navy. The shortfall will arise as older platforms that have been refitted to be missile-defense-capable (particularly the cruisers) are retired in bulk before new destroyers are planned to be built.[62]

The U.S. Navy was considering extending the acquisition of Arleigh Burke-class destroyers into the 2040s, according to revised procurement tables sent to Congress, with the procurement of Flight IV ships from 2032 through 2041.[63] This was canceled to cover the cost of the Ohio Replacement Submarine, with the air defense commander role retained on one cruiser per carrier battle group.[64]

Future replacement

USS Michael Murphy (DDG-112) was originally intended to be the last of the Arleigh Burke class. However, with reduction of the Zumwalt-class production, the U.S. Navy requested new DDG-51-class ships.[65] Long-lead materials contracts were awarded to Northrop Grumman in December 2009 for DDG-113 and in April 2010 for DDG-114.[66] General Dynamics received a long-lead materials contract for DDG-115 in February 2010.[67][68] It was anticipated that in FY2012 or FY2013, the U.S. Navy will commence detailed work for a Flight III design and request 24 ships to be built from 2016 to 2031.[69] In May 2013, a total of 76 Arleigh Burke-class ships were planned.[70] The Flight III variant is in the design phase as of 2013. In June 2013, the U.S. Navy awarded $6.2 billion in destroyer contracts.[71] Up to 42 Flight III ships may be procured by the U.S. Navy with the first ship entering service in 2023.[72]

Future Surface Combatant

In April 2014 the U.S. Navy began the early stages of developing a new destroyer to replace the Arleigh Burke class called the "Future Surface Combatant". The new class is expected to enter service in the early 2030s and initially serve alongside the 22 Flight III DDGs. No hull design or shape has been speculated yet, although the destroyer class will incorporate emerging technologies like lasers, on-board power-generation systems, increased automation, and next-generation weapons, sensors, and electronics. They will leverage technologies in use on other platforms such as the Zumwalt-class destroyer, Littoral Combat Ship, and Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier.[73]

The Future Surface Combatant may place importance on the Zumwalt-class destroyer's electric drive system that propels the ship while generating 58 megawatts of on-board electrical power, levels required to operate future directed energy weapons. Laser weapon systems are likely to become more prominent to engage threats without using missiles that could potentially cost more than the target it is engaging. Less costly weapon systems may help keep the destroyer class from becoming too expensive. Initial requirements for the Future Surface Combatant will emphasize lethality and survivability, as well as being able to continue to protect aircraft carriers. The ships also have to be modular to allow for inexpensive upgrades of weaponry, electronics, computing, and sensors over time as threats evolve.[73]

Operational history

Arleigh Burke-class destroyer USS Cole was damaged on 12 October 2000 in Aden, Yemen while docked, by an attack in which an apparently shaped charge of 200–300 kg in a boat was placed against the hull and detonated by suicide bombers, killing 17 crew members. The ship was repaired, and returned to duty in 2001.

In October 2011 it was announced that four Arleigh Burke-class destroyers would be forward-deployed in Europe to support the NATO missile defence system. The ships, to be based at Naval Station Rota, Spain, were named in February 2012, as Ross, Donald Cook, Porter, and Carney.[74] By reducing travel times to station, this forward deployment will allow for six other destroyers to be shifted from the Atlantic in support of the Pivot to East Asia.[75] Russia has threatened to quit the New START treaty over this deployment, calling it a threat to their nuclear deterrent.[76]

Contractors

Ships in class

Name Hull No. Builder Laid Down Launched Commissioned Home port Status
Flight I
Arleigh Burke DDG-51 Bath Iron Works 6 December 1988 16 September 1989 4 July 1991 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Barry DDG-52 Ingalls Shipbuilding 26 February 1990 8 June 1991 12 December 1992 Yokosuka, Japan Active
John Paul Jones DDG-53 Bath Iron Works 8 August 1990 26 October 1991 18 December 1993 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Active
Curtis Wilbur DDG-54 Bath Iron Works 12 March 1991 16 May 1992 19 March 1994 Yokosuka, Japan Active
Stout DDG-55 Ingalls Shipbuilding 8 August 1991 16 October 1992 13 August 1994 Norfolk, Virginia Active
John S. McCain DDG-56 Bath Iron Works 3 September 1991 26 September 1992 2 July 1994 Yokosuka, Japan Active
Mitscher DDG-57 Ingalls Shipbuilding 12 February 1992 7 May 1993 10 December 1994 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Laboon DDG-58 Bath Iron Works 23 March 1992 20 February 1993 18 March 1995 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Russell DDG-59 Ingalls Shipbuilding 24 July 1992 20 October 1993 20 May 1995 San Diego, California Active
Paul Hamilton DDG-60 Bath Iron Works 24 August 1992 24 July 1993 27 May 1995 San Diego, California Active
Ramage DDG-61 Ingalls Shipbuilding 4 January 1993 11 February 1994 22 July 1995 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Fitzgerald DDG-62 Bath Iron Works 9 February 1993 29 January 1994 14 October 1995 Pascagoula, Mississippi Active
Stethem DDG-63 Ingalls Shipbuilding 11 May 1993 17 July 1994 21 October 1995 Yokosuka, Japan Active
Carney DDG-64 Bath Iron Works 8 August 1993 23 July 1994 13 April 1996 Rota, Spain Active
Benfold DDG-65 Ingalls Shipbuilding 27 September 1993 9 November 1994 30 March 1996 Yokosuka, Japan Active
Gonzalez DDG-66 Bath Iron Works 3 February 1994 18 February 1995 12 October 1996 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Cole DDG-67 Ingalls Shipbuilding 28 February 1994 10 February 1995 8 June 1996 Norfolk, Virginia Active
The Sullivans DDG-68 Bath Iron Works 27 July 1994 12 August 1995 19 April 1997 Mayport, Florida Active
Milius DDG-69 Ingalls Shipbuilding 8 August 1994 1 August 1995 23 November 1996 Yokosuka, Japan[77] Active
Hopper DDG-70 Bath Iron Works 23 February 1995 6 January 1996 6 September 1997 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Active
Ross DDG-71 Ingalls Shipbuilding 10 April 1995 22 March 1996 28 June 1997 Rota, Spain Active
Flight II
Mahan DDG-72 Bath Iron Works 17 August 1995 29 June 1996 14 February 1998 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Decatur DDG-73 Bath Iron Works 11 January 1996 10 November 1996 29 August 1998 San Diego, California Active
McFaul DDG-74 Ingalls Shipbuilding 26 January 1996 18 January 1997 25 April 1998 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Donald Cook DDG-75 Bath Iron Works 9 July 1996 3 May 1997 4 December 1998 Rota, Spain Active
Higgins DDG-76 Bath Iron Works 14 November 1996 4 October 1997 24 April 1999 San Diego, California Active
O'Kane DDG-77 Bath Iron Works 8 May 1997 28 March 1998 23 October 1999 San Diego, California Active
Porter DDG-78 Ingalls Shipbuilding 2 December 1996 12 November 1997 20 March 1999 Rota, Spain Active
Flight IIA: 5"/54 variant
Oscar Austin DDG-79 Bath Iron Works 9 October 1997 7 November 1998 19 August 2000 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Roosevelt DDG-80 Ingalls Shipbuilding 15 December 1997 10 January 1999 14 October 2000 Mayport, Florida Active
Flight IIA: 5"/62 variant
Winston S. Churchill DDG-81 Bath Iron Works 7 May 1998 17 April 1999 10 March 2001 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Lassen DDG-82 Ingalls Shipbuilding 24 August 1998 16 October 1999 21 April 2001 Mayport, Florida Active
Howard DDG-83 Bath Iron Works 9 December 1998 20 November 1999 20 October 2001 San Diego, California Active
Bulkeley DDG-84 Ingalls Shipbuilding 10 May 1999 21 June 2000 8 December 2001 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Flight IIA: 5"/62, one 20mm CIWS variant[30]
McCampbell DDG-85 Bath Iron Works 15 July 1999 2 July 2000 17 August 2002 Yokosuka, Japan Active
Shoup DDG-86 Ingalls Shipbuilding 13 December 1999 22 November 2000 22 June 2002 Everett, Washington Active
Mason DDG-87 Bath Iron Works 19 January 2000 23 June 2001 12 April 2003 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Preble DDG-88 Ingalls Shipbuilding 22 June 2000 1 June 2001 9 November 2002 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Active
Mustin DDG-89 Ingalls Shipbuilding 15 January 2001 12 December 2001 26 July 2003 Yokosuka, Japan Active
Chafee DDG-90 Bath Iron Works 12 April 2001 2 November 2002 18 October 2003 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Active
Pinckney DDG-91 Ingalls Shipbuilding 16 July 2001 26 June 2002 29 May 2004 San Diego, California Active
Momsen DDG-92 Bath Iron Works 16 November 2001 19 July 2003 28 August 2004 Everett, Washington Active
Chung-Hoon DDG-93 Ingalls Shipbuilding 14 January 2002 15 December 2002 18 September 2004 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Active
Nitze DDG-94 Bath Iron Works 20 September 2002 3 April 2004 5 March 2005 Norfolk, Virginia Active
James E. Williams DDG-95 Ingalls Shipbuilding 15 July 2002 25 June 2003 11 December 2004 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Bainbridge DDG-96 Bath Iron Works 7 May 2003 13 November 2004 12 November 2005 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Halsey DDG-97 Ingalls Shipbuilding 13 January 2002 9 January 2004 30 July 2005 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Active
Forrest Sherman DDG-98 Ingalls Shipbuilding 7 August 2003 2 October 2004 28 January 2006 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Farragut DDG-99 Bath Iron Works 9 January 2004 23 July 2005 10 June 2006 Mayport, Florida Active
Kidd DDG-100 Ingalls Shipbuilding 29 April 2004 22 January 2005 9 June 2007 Everett, Washington Active
Gridley DDG-101 Bath Iron Works 30 July 2004 28 December 2005 10 February 2007 Everett, Washington Active
Sampson DDG-102 Bath Iron Works 20 March 2005 16 September 2006 3 November 2007 Everett, Washington Active
Truxtun DDG-103 Ingalls Shipbuilding 11 April 2005 2 June 2007 25 April 2009 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Sterett DDG-104 Bath Iron Works 17 November 2005 19 May 2007 9 August 2008 San Diego, California Active
Dewey DDG-105 Ingalls Shipbuilding 4 October 2006 26 January 2008 6 March 2010 San Diego, California Active
Stockdale DDG-106 Bath Iron Works 10 August 2006 10 May 2008 18 April 2009 San Diego, California Active
Gravely DDG-107 Ingalls Shipbuilding 26 November 2007 30 March 2009 20 November 2010 Norfolk, Virginia Active
Wayne E. Meyer DDG-108 Bath Iron Works 18 May 2007 18 October 2008 10 October 2009 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Active
Jason Dunham DDG-109 Bath Iron Works 11 April 2008 1 August 2009 13 November 2010 Norfolk, Virginia Active
William P. Lawrence DDG-110 Ingalls Shipbuilding 16 September 2008 15 December 2009 4 June 2011 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Active
Spruance DDG-111 Bath Iron Works 14 May 2009 6 June 2010 1 October 2011 San Diego, California Active
Michael Murphy DDG-112 Bath Iron Works 18 June 2010 7 May 2011 6 October 2012 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Active
Flight IIA: Restart
John Finn DDG-113 Ingalls Shipbuilding 5 November 2013 28 March 2015[78] 15 July 2017 San Diego, California Active
Ralph Johnson DDG-114 Ingalls Shipbuilding 12 September 2014 12 December 2015 24 March 2018[79] Everett, Washington[80] Active
Rafael Peralta DDG-115 Bath Iron Works 30 October 2014 1 November 2015[81] 29 July 2017[82] San Diego, California Active
Flight IIA: Technology Insertion
Thomas Hudner DDG-116 Bath Iron Works 16 November 2015 23 April 2017 1 December 2018 (expected)[83] Mayport, Florida[84] Launched[85]
Paul Ignatius DDG-117 Ingalls Shipbuilding 20 October 2015 12 November 2016 2018 (estimated)[83] Launched[86]
Daniel Inouye DDG-118 Bath Iron Works 14 May 2018[87] 2020 (estimated)[83] Keel laid[87]
Delbert D. Black DDG-119 Ingalls Shipbuilding 1 June 2016 8 September 2017[88] 2019 (scheduled)[89] Launched
Carl M. Levin[90] DDG-120 Bath Iron Works 2020 (estimated)[83] Keel laid
Frank E. Petersen Jr.[91] DDG-121 Ingalls Shipbuilding 21 February 2017 13 July 2018 2020 (scheduled)[92] Launched[93]
John Basilone[94] DDG-122 Bath Iron Works 2019 (estimated)[83] Contract awarded (MYP)
Lenah H. Sutcliffe Higbee[95] DDG-123 Ingalls Shipbuilding 14 November 2017 2024 (estimated)[83] Keel laid[96]
Harvey C. Barnum Jr.[90] DDG-124 Bath Iron Works 2024 (estimated)[83] Contract awarded (MYP)
Flight III
Jack H. Lucas[97] DDG-125 Ingalls Shipbuilding Contract awarded (MYP)
Louis H. Wilson Jr.[97] DDG-126 Bath Iron Works Contract awarded (MYP)
Flight IIA TI (DDG-127 only)A
Patrick Gallagher[98] DDG-127 Bath Iron Works Contract awarded (MYP)

ADDG-127 contract was awarded separately at a later date. Though ships preceding her, (125 & 126) had begun the Flight III series, 127 was designated as a Flight IIA Technology Insertion build. The Navy expects future Arleigh Burke-class builds (starting at DDG-128) to be Flight III series[99]

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 O'Rourke, Ronald (19 April 2011). "Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress". Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 23 October 2011. Since 1 and 2 ships are procured in alternate years and the "1 in a year" ships cost more, the fairest estimate of unit price comes from averaging three ships across two years. US$50-300m is spent on long lead-time items in the year before the main procurement of each ship. DDG-114 and DDG-115 together cost US$577.2m (FY2010) + US$2.922b (FY2011)= US$3.500b, (p25) and DDG-116 cost US$48m (FY2011) + US$1.981b (FY2012)= US$2.029b, (p12) making an average for the three ships of US$1.847b. DDG-113 cost US$2.235b. (p6)
  2. ↑ "Report to Congress on U.S. Navy Destroyer Programs". usni.org. 11 July 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
  3. ↑ "Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress". Congressional Research Service Reports for the People (Open CRS). 26 February 2010. Archived from the original on 23 April 2010. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
  4. ↑ "LM2500 Gas Turbine Engine". FAS Military Analysis Network. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  5. 1 2 3 "US Navy Ship – Destroyer". United States Navy. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  6. ↑ Missile Defense Agency Fact sheet (03/2007) "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 October 2009. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
  7. ↑ pamphlet 09-MDA-4298 (4 MAR 09).
  8. ↑ Pike, John. "DDG-51 Arleigh Burke – Flight IIA". globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 "DDG-51 Arleigh Burke-class". fas.org. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  10. ↑ After 2-plus decades, Navy destroyer breaks record
  11. ↑ "Northrop Grumman-Built William P. Lawrence Christened; Legacy of Former POW Honored". Northrop Grumman, 17 April 2010.
  12. ↑ "Navy Reverting To Steel In Shipbuilding After Cracks In Aluminum". The New York Times. Associated Press. 11 August 1987.
  13. ↑ "Section F.7: Aluminum in warship construction". hazegray.org. 30 March 2000.
  14. 1 2 "The Arleigh Burke: Linchpin of the Navy". fas.org. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  15. ↑ Gardiner and Chumbley 1995, p. 592
  16. ↑ Baker 1998, p. 1020
  17. 1 2 Biddle, Wayne (28 February 1984). "The dust has settled on the Air Force's Great Engine". The New York Times.
  18. ↑ "DVIDS – Images – Countermeasure washdown system test". DVIDS. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  19. ↑ Majumdar, Dave (6 June 2013). "U.S. Navy's Next Bid for Ship to Ship Combat". usni.org. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  20. ↑ LaGrone, Sam (7 March 2016). "Navy Sinks Former Frigate USS Reuben James in Test of New Supersonic Anti-Surface Missile". usni.org. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  21. 1 2 Freedburg, Sydney J. (4 August 2015). "SM-6 Can Now Kill Both Cruise and Ballistic Missiles". breakingdefense.com. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  22. ↑ "Federation Of American Scientists -". Federation Of American Scientists. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  23. ↑ "Wayback Machine" (PDF). 11 May 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
  24. ↑ "Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Program: Background and Issues for Congress". Archived from the original on 11 August 2014.
  25. 1 2 Contractors Agree on Deal to Build Stealth Destroyer. Navy Times, 8 April 2009.
  26. 1 2 "Maine shipbuilder gets Navy contract for a new destroyer". The New York Times. 3 April 1985.
  27. ↑ "History of Gibbs & Cox". Gibbs & Cox. January 2011. Archived from the original on 9 January 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  28. ↑ Pike, John. "DDG-51 Arleigh Burke – Flight II". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
  29. 1 2 "CNO's Position Report: 2014" (pdf). US Navy. 4 November 2014. Retrieved 2014-11-26.
  30. 1 2 Analyst: DDGs without CIWS vulnerable. Navy Times. 16 September 2008.
  31. ↑ "USN plans accelerated laser weapon fit on DDG 51 Flight IIA destroyer". IHS Jane's 360. 8 March 2017. Retrieved 2017-03-08.
  32. ↑ DN-SD-07-24674 (up to DDG-96)
  33. ↑ Taken from the National Defense Authorization Act of 2007, pages 67–68 Archived 2 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
  34. ↑ Taken from the National Defense Authorization Act of 2007, p. 193 Archived 25 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
  35. ↑ "MK 45 5-inch / 54-caliber (lightweight) gun; MK 45-5 inch / 62-caliber (MOD 4 ERGM) gun". fas.org. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  36. ↑ Navy ends ERGM funding Navy Times
  37. ↑ Petty, Dan. "United States Navy Fact File: Destroyers – DDG". United States Navy. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  38. ↑ DDG 51 Arleigh Burke-class Aegis Guided-Missile Destroyer Modernization
  39. ↑ "DRS Technologies Wins Contract to Continue its Support for Arleigh Burke-class Guided Missile Destroyers Modernization Program". navyrecognition.com. 4 December 2013. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  40. ↑ "Lockheed Martin to build anti-submarine warfare (ASW) towed-array sonar systems for surface warships". www.militaryaerospace.com. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
  41. ↑ Greenert, Jonathan (18 September 2013). "Statement Before The House Armed Services Committee On Planning For Sequestration In FY 2014 And Perspectives Of The Military Services On The Strategic Choices And Management Review" (pdf). US House of Representatives. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
  42. ↑ "Boeing: Boeing Deploys Gigabit Ethernet Data Multiplex System on USS Spruance". Boeing.mediaroom.com. 24 October 2011. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
  43. ↑ "BAE to Modernize Up to 11 Norfolk-based Destroyers". Archived from the original on 7 August 2010. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
  44. 1 2 LaGrone, Sam (27 May 2014). "Navy Quietly Downscales Destroyer Upgrades". usni.org. U.S. Naval Institute. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  45. ↑ LaGrone, Sam (3 June 2014). "Navy Altered Destroyer Upgrades Due to Budget Pressure, Demand for Ships". usni.org. U.S. Naval Institute. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  46. ↑ LaGrone, Sam (23 September 2015). "Navy Set to Install Hybrid Electric Drives in Destroyer Fleet Staring [sic] Next Year". usni.org. U.S. Naval Institute. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  47. ↑ US Navy canceling program to turn gas-guzzling destroyers into hybrids. Defense News. 8 March 2018.
  48. ↑ Eckstein, Megan (15 September 2015). "Navy Integrating SeaRAM on Rota-Based DDGs; First Installation Complete In November". usni.org. U.S. Naval Institute. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  49. ↑ Navy Buys Lasers to 'Dazzle' Drones, Take Out Small Boats. Military.com. 3 March 2018
  50. ↑ First Combat Laser For Navy Warship: Lockheed HELIOS. Breaking Defense. 1 March 2018
  51. ↑ "Resource Implications of the Navy's 2008 Shipbuilding Plan". Congressional Budget Office. 23 March 2007.
  52. ↑ "Missile Threat Helped Drive DDG Cut". Defense News. 4 August 2008. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
  53. ↑ "Navy's future linked to flexible weapons: chief". Reuters. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  54. ↑ "Contracts for Wednesday, December 02, 2009". Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs), U.S. Department of Defense. 2 December 2009. Retrieved 23 October 2011. Contract N00024-10-C-2308.
  55. ↑ "DDG 51 Class Ship Construction Contract Awards Announced". Naval Sea Systems Command Office of Corporate Communication. 26 September 2011. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  56. ↑ Lyle, Peter C. (2010). "DDG 51 Arleigh Burke Burke-Class Destroyer – New Construction Program" (PDF). Naval Sea Systems Command. p. 17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2011. Presentation summarising the restart program.
  57. ↑ LaGrone, Sam (1 May 2016). "Bath Iron Works Will Build First Flight III Arleigh Burke DDG". usni.org. USNI. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  58. ↑ RL32109 Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress Archived 23 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine.. CRS, 26 February 2010.
  59. ↑ GAO-10-388SP, "Defense Acquisitions: Assessments of Selected Weapon Programs". GAO, 30 March 2010
  60. ↑ Fabey, Michael. "Potential DDG-51 Flight III Growth Alarms." Aviation Week, 10 June 2011.
  61. ↑ Freedberg, Sydney J. Jr. "Navy Bets On Arleigh Burkes To Sail Until 2072; 40 Years Afloat For Some." Archived 8 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine. 5 October 2012.
  62. ↑ O'Rourke, Ronald. "CRS-RL32109 Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress." Congressional Research Service, 2 March 2012.
  63. ↑ "US proposes Flight IV Arleigh Burke and life extension for command ships". Jane's Information Group, 14 June 2011.
  64. ↑ LaGrone, Sam (14 July 2014). "Navy Cancelled New Destroyer Flight Due to Ohio Replacement Submarine Costs". news.usni.org. U.S. NAVAL INSTITUTE. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
  65. ↑ RL32109, Navy DDG-1000 and DDG-51 Destroyer Programs: Background, Oversight Issues, and Options for Congress Archived 24 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine.. Congressional Research Service, 23 December 2009.
  66. ↑ "Northrop Grumman awarded $114M contract; Navy orders 30th DDG 51 ship", www.gulflive.com, 24 April 2010.
  67. ↑ "General Dynamics wins over $900 mln 9 Navy deals", Reuters, 26 February 2010.
  68. ↑ "BIW to purchase DDG 115 material", UPI.com, 2 March 2010.
  69. ↑ CRS RL32109 Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress 14 June 2010
  70. ↑ "Department of Defense Announces Selected Acquisition Report". United States Department of Defense Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs). 23 May 2013. Archived from the original on 20 August 2013. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
  71. ↑ "Contract View". Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  72. ↑ "Now Hear This – The Right Destroyer at the Right Time". Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  73. 1 2 Navy Makes Plans for New Destroyer for 2030s – Military.com, 9 April 2014
  74. ↑ Navy, Navy Names Forward Deployed Ships to Rota, Spain
  75. ↑ "NavWeek: Keeping Asian Waters Pacific." Archived 19 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
  76. ↑ "Russia may quit START III after US deploys destroyer in Europe". voiceofrussia.com. The Voice of Russia. 2 February 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
  77. ↑ Affairs, By Garrett Zopfi, U.S. Fleet Activities Yokosuka Public. "USS Milius joins Forward Deployed Naval Forces in Japan". www.public.navy.mil. Retrieved 2018-05-24.
  78. ↑ "Future USS John Finn (DDG 113) Launched". US Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). 30 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015.
  79. ↑ "Future USS Ralph Johnson to be Commissioned in Charleston" (Press release). U.S. Navy. 23 October 2017. NNS171023-23. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
  80. ↑ Affairs, From Naval Surface Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet Public. "Future USS Ralph Johnson to be Commissioned in Charleston". www.public.navy.mil. Retrieved 2018-03-25.
  81. ↑ Allvord, Chase, LTJG (9 November 2015). "Rafael Peralta Achieves Three Key Milestones in One Weekend". US Navy. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  82. ↑ Garske, Monica; Tatro, Samantha (29 July 2017). "USS Rafael Peralta Commissioned in San Diego". KNSD. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
  83. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Upcoming US Navy Ship Commissionings". navycommissionings.org. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
  84. ↑ "Naval Vessel Register - THOMAS HUDNER (DDG 116)". www.nvr.navy.mil. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  85. ↑ "USS Thomas Hudner". 29 March 2017. Retrieved 2017-03-30.
  86. ↑ This story was written Naval Sea Systems Command Public Affairs. "Future USS Paul Ignatius Begins Fabrication". Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  87. 1 2 "Keel Laid for Future USS Daniel Inouye" (Press release). United States Navy. 15 May 2018. NNS180515-04. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  88. ↑ "U.S. Navy Launches the Future USS Delbert D. Black". US Navy. 11 September 2017. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  89. ↑ LaGrone, Sam (13 March 2015). "SECNAV Mabus Names Destroyer After First MCPON Delbert D. Black". USNI News. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  90. 1 2 "Navy Awards General Dynamics Bath Iron Works $644 Million for Construction of DDG 51 Class Destroyer". General Dynamics.
  91. ↑ Huntington Ingalls Industries. "Ingalls Shipbuilding Awarded $618 Million Contract to Build DDG 123". Huntington Ingalls Newsroom.
  92. ↑ "Secretary Mabus Names Newest Arleigh-Burke Class Destroyer". US Navy. 9 November 2016. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  93. ↑ "US Navy Launches Future USS Frank E. Petersen Jr" (Press release). US Navy. 16 July 2018. NNS180716-21. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
  94. ↑ "US Navy to name next destroyer after Medal of Honor recipient John Basilone". Naval Today.
  95. ↑ Otto Kreisher. "Mabus Names Arleigh Burke Destroyer After Higbee, First Woman Awarded Navy Cross".
  96. ↑ "Photo Release-Huntington Ingalls Industries Authenticates Keel of Guided Missile Destroyer Lenah H. Sutcliffe Higbee (DDG 123)". Huntington Ingalls Industries. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
  97. 1 2 "Notice to Congress on 8 Proposed Navy Ship Names". USNI News. 2016-08-03. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
  98. ↑ "SECNAV Names Newest Destroyer in Honor of U.S. Marine" (Press release). U.S. Navy. 12 March 2018. NNS180312-11. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  99. ↑ "DoD Contracts". defense.gov. 28 September 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2018.

References

  • Baker, A.D. The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World 1998–1999. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1998. ISBN 1-55750-111-4.
  • Gardiner, Robert and Chumbley, Stephen. Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1995. ISBN 1-55750-132-7.

Further reading

  • Sanders, Michael S. (1999). The Yard: Building a Destroyer at the Bath Iron Works. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-019246-1. Describes the construction of Donald Cook (DDG-75) at Bath Iron Works.
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