Archive bit

The archive bit is a file attribute used by CP/M, Microsoft operating systems, OS/2, and AmigaOS. It is used to indicate whether or not the file has been backed up (archived).

Usage

In Windows and OS/2, when a file is created or modified, the archive bit is set (i.e. turned on), and when the file has been backed up, the archive bit is cleared (i.e. turned off). Thus, the meaning of the archive bit is "this file has not been archived".

In CP/M, the meaning is inverted: creating or modifying a file clears the archive bit, and the bit is set when the file is backed up.

An incremental backup task may use the archive bit to distinguish which files have already been backed up, and select only the new or modified files for backup.

Backup software may provide the option to do a full backup while clearing archive bits – that is, to back up all files regardless of their archive bit status, and to clear the archive bit for all files processed by the backup. This allows for the creation of an initial full backup that will be supplemented by incremental backups in the future.

The operating system never clears the archive bit unless explicitly told to do so by the user. Even when a user explicitly tells the operating system to copy a file for the purpose of archiving it, the archive bit will still not be cleared. A specific command for clearing or setting the bit must be executed. In MS-DOS as well as nearly all versions of Windows, the archive bit's status can be viewed or changed with the attrib command-line utility, or by viewing the properties of a file with the Windows shell or Windows Explorer. The archive bit's status can also be viewed or changed with the GetFileAttributes,[1] GetFileAttributesEx,[2] and SetFileAttributes[3] Windows APIs. The archive bit can be set or cleared with the attributes property[4] in VBScript or JScript.

When a file with a clear archive bit is moved from one place on a file system to another, the archive bit reverts to being set.

Typically on a computer system that has never been backed up in a manner that clears archive bits, all files on that computer will have their archive bits set, as there are few applications that make use of archive bits without the user's request.

As the archive bit is a file attribute and not part of the file itself; the contents of the file remain unchanged when the status of the archive bit changes.

Alternatives

Relying on the archive bit for backing up files can be unreliable if multiple backup programs are setting and clearing the archive bit on the same volume.[5] Another possibility is to use the timestamp of the last change to the file or directory. This is typically the technique used in UNIX-like operating systems.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "GetFileAttributes function (Windows)". msdn.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2017-10-19.
  2. ↑ "GetFileAttributesEx function (Windows)". msdn.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2017-10-19.
  3. ↑ "SetFileAttributes function (Windows)". msdn.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2017-10-19.
  4. ↑ "Attributes Property". msdn.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2017-10-19.
  5. ↑ "Understanding Archive Bit and Backup Types".
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