Anne Pedersdotter

Anne Pedersdotter (died 7 April 1590) was an alleged Norwegian witch. Her case was one of the most documented of the many witch trials in Norway in the 16th and 17th centuries. Together with Lisbeth Nypan, she was perhaps the most famous victim of the accusation in Norway.[1]

Biography

Anne Pedersdotter was born in the city of Trondheim, Norway. She was the daughter of an official and was the sister of an official of Trondheim, Sören Pedersson. In 1552, she married Absalon Pedersson Beyer (1528–75), a Lutheran clergyman and a professor in theology in the city of Bergen, where they lived.

In 1575, Anne was accused of having killed her husband's uncle, Bishop Gjeble Pedersson, by sorcery, in order to make her husband bishop. She was freed from the charges through her husband's connections, as he managed to get her a pardon from the King of Denmark. The year after this, she became a wealthy widow, freed from taxes by the king. Once accused of witchcraft, however, she was always considered a witch. She lived isolated, and she reacted to the rumors with hostility and by arguing with people. The rumors became worse and worse over the years.[2]

In March 1590, she was accused a second time. She refused to attend the trial, and was fetched to it by force. During the trial, she was accused of having murdered six people by making them sick by magic. The witnesses were friends and neighbors. Her maid Elina accused her of having used her as a riding horse to a witches' Sabbath, where the witches planned to burn down the city. Others claimed they had seen her in the presence of demons.

During the trial, Anne reportedly displayed "willpower, clearsight and skill". On the accusation of having killed a child, she replied: "Many children die in the town, I have not killed them all". Despite protests from some ministers in Bergen clergy, she was sentenced to death. In Norway, witches were generally burned alive, and Anne received this sentence. On the way to the execution, she cried out her innocence several times.

Anne Pedersdotter was burned alive at the stake in the city of Bergen on the 7 April 1590. Her case is regarded as the starting point of the many witch trials in Norway (Trolldomssakene i Norge) during in the 17th century, especially in Finnmark from Vardø witch trials (1621).[3]

Legacy

Anne Pedersdotter, a drama in four acts by Norwegian playwright, Hans Wiers-Jenssen was performed in 1909. This inspired La fiamma (1934) an opera by Italian composer Ottorino Respighi and the film Day of Wrath (1943) directed by Danish filmmaker Carl Theodor Dreyer. Pedersdotter was also the subject of Anne Pedersdotter, an opera by Norwegian composer Edvard Fliflet Bræin with libretto by Hans Kristiansen. In 1977, Norwegian author Vera Henriksen released the novel Skjærsild featuring aspects of the story.

A memorial stone titled the Witch Stone (Heksesteinen på Nordnes) was erected as a monument to the victims of witch trials in Norway. It was unveiled on 26 June 2002 at Nordnesparken in the Nordnes neighbourhood of Bergen. The inscription translates to 350 bonfire victims to miscarriage of justice 1550–1700.[4][5] [6]

The 2009 album "Throw Money" by independent musician Kevin Loy features the composition Suite: Anne Pedersdotter.[7]

The Norwegian band Kvelertak wrote a song titled Witch Burning (Heksebrann) for their 2016 album Nattesferd. The circumstances around Anne Pedersdotter are described in the song.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Erik Opsahl. "Anne Pedersdotter". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
  2. ↑ Hagen, Rune. "Anne Pedersdotter". In Helle, Knut. Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  3. ↑ "Trolldomssakene i Norge". Norges Historie (University of Oslo). Retrieved November 1, 2017.
  4. ↑ R.L. Børsheim. "Heksesteinen på Nordnes". wordpress.com. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
  5. ↑ "Heksesteinen". Bergen byleksikon. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
  6. ↑ "The Witch Stone". wordpress.com. July 18, 2015. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
  7. ↑ Kevin Loy - The Official Website, retrieved July 19, 2013

Other sources

  • Gilje, Nils (2003) Heksen og humanisten : Anne Pedersdatter og Absalon Pederssøn Beyer (Bergens historiske forenings) ISBN 978-82-45010-54-1
  • Hagen, Rune Blix (2003) Hekser. Fra forfølgelse til fortryllelse (Oslo: Humanist Forlag AS) ISBN 978-82-92622-63-6
  • Willumsen, Liv Helene (2013) Witches of the North. Scotland and Finnmark (Boston, MA Brill) ISBN 978-9004252912
  • Pavlac, Brian A. (2010) Witch Hunts in the Western World (University of Nebraska Press Bison Books) ISBN 978-0803232907
  • Harris, Christopher John, Retterstedene på Nordnes, NO: UIB, archived from the original on 2011-07-24 .
  • Tidende, Bergens (22 June 2007), "Anne Pedersdotter", Heksene på Lyderhorn blir tegneserie, NO: BT .
  • "Anne Pedersdatter, Absalon Beyers enke", IKOS archive of witch trials, University of Oslo .
  • Hekse-steinen på Nordnes
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