Anis Kidwai

Anis Kidwai (1906–1982) was a writer, an activist and a politician from Uttar Pradesh. She worked towards peace and the rehabilitation of the victims of India's bloody Partition, and spent a majority of her life in service of the newly independent India. She served two terms as a Member of the Parliament in the Rajya Sabha as a part of the Indian National Congress from 1956-62.^[1]

Personal life

Anis Kidwai was born in 1906 in Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh into a patriotic and orthodox family of Awadh. Her father, Wilait Ali was a prominent lawyer who wrote humorous columns in local papers. Anis was a self-taught student. She became well-versed in Urdu and English literature by listening to the tutors that taught her brothers.^[2] After her father's death, she was consigned to a life behind the purdah until the late 1930s, when India's final efforts at the freedom struggle allowed her a greater degree of participation in public life.^[3]

Anis married her cousin Shafi Ahmed Kidwai in 1920 and lived with him first in Allahabad and then in other cities, wherever her husband’s job took them. Her husband's brother Rafi Ahmed was a freedom fighter and was regularly imprisoned for his activism, and his family, including Shafi and Anis regularly faced political persecution for it.^[2]

In October 1947, her husband was murdered in a brutal communal attack, and this catapulted Anis into her role as an activist and writer. She gave up wearing the burkha and came to Delhi to offer her support to Gandhi and his cause. In just a few months, working alongside Subhadra Joshi, Anis helped victims of the communal bloodbath that followed Independence; and with Mridula Sarabhai she helped in the recovery of abducted women.^[3]

In 1973, her daughter Azadi died after many years battling rheumatic heart disease.^[1]

Anis Kidwai passed away on 16 July 1982, leaving behind a daughter and two sons – Seema, Parvez and Kamal.^[2]

Political career

Anis Kidwai's political career began in part due to the death of her brother-in-law Rafi on October 24, 1954. Shortly after his death, the Congress offered a Rajya Sabha seat 'to the family'. Although Rafi and Shafi's younger brother Mahfuz could have assumed the sear, he asked that Anis be the nominee. Anis Kidwai served as a Member of the Parliament from the Indian National Congress party from Bihar at the Rajya Sabha for two terms, from 1956–62 and then from 1962–68.^[4] She retired on April 2, 1968.

During her tenure, she participated actively in the proceedings alongside other women MPs like Savitry Devi Nigam, Dr Seeta Parmanand and Subhadra Joshi. She spoke in favour of the Punishment for Molestation of Women Bill 1958, which was introduced by Savitry Devi, which eventually lapsed and was not taken up again. Before her official political career began, Anis served as a secretary of the Women’s Congress Committee from 1921 to 1923.^[1]

In 1961, she was the sole woman member of a six-member parliamentary committee constituted by Jawaharlal Nehru to look into possible reforms of Muslim Personal Law, which was disbanded almost immediately as its very first meeting drew vociferous protests by Muslim MPs and ministers.

Literary work and awards

Anis wrote a memoir in Urdu, Azaadi Ke Chaaon Mein (In Freedom's Shade) which is an account of the first two turbulent years after India's independence in 1947. It was published in 1974 to great critical acclaim and won her an award from the Urdu Academy of Uttar Pradesh. In 1976 and 1980, two collections of essays were published, titled Nazre Khush Guzre and Ab Jinke Dekhne Ko. She also authored Char Rukh, a book on the lives and work of writers and poets. Anis Kidwai was honoured by the Sahitya Kala Parishad for her contribution to literature.^[2]

References