Anbara Salam Khalidi

Anbara Salam Khalidi
Born August 4, 1897
Beirut
Died 1986 (aged 88–89)
Beirut
Occupation Translator
Language Arabic
Citizenship Lebanese
Alma mater American University of Beirut
Period Late 1920s – 1980s
Genre Translations of classics
Spouse Ahmad Samih Al Khalidi
Relatives Salim Ali Salam (father)
Saeb Salam (brother)
Walid Khalidi (step son)
Tarif Khalidi (son)

Anbara Salam Khalidi (Arabic: عنبرة سلام الخالدي‎) (4 August 1897–May 1986) was a Lebanese feminist, translator and author, who significantly contributed to the emancipation of Arab women.[1]

Early life and education

Khalidi was born into an eminent Lebanese family in Beirut in 1897.[2][3] She was the daughter of Salim Ali Salam, a deputy in the Ottoman parliament and a merchant, and the sister of former Lebanese prime minister Saeb Salam.[4] Two of her brothers served as cabinet ministers of Lebanon.[5]

She received a modern education and learned French. She and her siblings attended the Anglican Syrian College in Ras Beirut, which is the predecessor of the American University of Beirut.[6] From 1925 to 1927 she studied in the United Kingdom.[6]

Salim Ali Salam with King Faisal I of Iraq in Richmond Park in London in 1925, along with Salim's son Saeb Salam and daughters Anbara and Rasha. Anbara can be seen wearing an elegant cloche hat and a mid-calf skirt, contrary to prevailing social conventions in Beirut at the time.

Activities

After returning to Beirut, Khalidi joined the women's movement.[6] She was the first Muslim woman in Lebanon to publicly abandon the veil in 1927 during a lecture at the American University of Beirut.[2][7] She was the first to translate Homer's Odyssey and Virgil’s Aeneid into Arabic.[6] [7] Her memoir was published in 1978 with the title of Jawalah fil Dhikrayat Baynah Lubnan Wa Filastin (A Tour of Memories of Lebanon and Palestine in English).[5] It was translated into English in 2013 under the title of Memoirs of an Early Arab Feminist.[2]

In her memoir, Khalidi emphasized the negative effects the activities of Jamal Pasha, Ottoman ruler of Syria, had on her family and her childhood.[8]

Personal life and death

Anbara Salam married a Palestinian educator, Ahmad Samih Al Khalidi (d. 1951) in 1929.[6][9] It was his second marriage.[10] He was the principal of the Arab College in Jerusalem in Mandatory Palestine.[10] They settled in Jerusalem and then in Beirut.[6] She died in Beirut in May 1986.[7][9]

Dedication

Anbara Salam Khalidi was the subject of a Google Doodle on 4 August 2018, the 121st anniversary of her birth.[11]

References

  1. ↑ Hussain Abdul Hussain (16 April 2013). "Why Lebanon Matters". Now Lebanon. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
  2. 1 2 3 "Memoirs of An Early Arab Feminist". Amazon. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  3. ↑ Ussama Makdisi (22 June 2010). Faith Misplaced: The Broken Promise of U.S.-Arab Relations: 1820-2001. PublicAffairs. p. 149. ISBN 978-1-58648-856-7. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
  4. ↑ "Saeb Salam". The Guardian. 1 February 2000. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  5. 1 2 Sarah Irving (31 May 2013). "Memoir challenges stereotypes of Arab women". Electronic Intifada. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Joseph A. Kechichian (12 March 2009). "Lebanon's lady of mettle". Gulf News. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  7. 1 2 3 "Biographical data". Salaam Knowledge. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  8. ↑ Fruma Zachs (2012). "Transformations of a Memory of Tyranny in Syria: From Jamal Pasha to 'Id al-Shuhada', 1914–2000". Middle Eastern Studies. 48 (1): 73–88. doi:10.1080/00263206.2012.644459. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  9. 1 2 "Anbara Salam al Khalidi". CAMES. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
  10. 1 2 Philip Mattar (2005). Encyclopedia of the Palestinians. Infobase Publishing. p. 281. ISBN 978-0-8160-6986-6. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
  11. ↑ "Anbara Salam Khalidi's 121st Birthday". Google. 4 August 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
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