All fourths tuning

All fourths
The consecutive open notes of all-fourths tuning are spaced apart by five semitones on the chromatic circle, which lists the twelve notes of the octave.
Basic information
Aliases Perfect-fourths tuning
Interval Perfect fourth
Semitones 5
Example(s) E-A-D-G-C-F
Advanced information
Other instruments Bass guitar
Repetition No
Advantages Closely approximates standard tuning
Disadvantages Difficult to play conventional music, especially barre chords
Left-handed tuning All-fifths tuning
Associated musician
Guitarist Stanley Jordan
Alex Hutchings
Tom Quayle
Stanley Jordan plays guitar.
Jazz musician Stanley Jordan stated that all-fourths tuning "simplifies the fingerboard, making it logical".
Regular tunings (semitones)
Trivial (0)
Minor thirds (3)
Major thirds (4)
All fourths (5)
Augmented fourths (6)
New standard (7, 3)
All fifths (7)
Minor sixths (8)
Guitar tunings

Among alternative tunings for the guitar, all-fourths tuning is a regular tuning.[1] In contrast, the standard tuning has one irregularity—a major third between the third and second strings—while having perfect fourths between the other successive strings.[2][3] The standard tuning's irregular major-third is replaced by a perfect fourth in all-fourths tuning, which has the open notes E2-A2-D3-G3-C4-F4.[1][4]

The note layouts on the fretboard of a guitar tuned in perfect 4ths, with arrows that show where the same note continues on a higher-pitched string. All adjacent strings have the same interval and repeat at the 5th fret, unlike standard guitar tuning which has an inconsistency between the 2nd and 3rd strings.

Among regular tunings, this all-fourths tuning best approximates the standard tuning.[5]

Open chords for beginners.
These chord shapes can be moved across the fretboard, unlike the chord shapes of standard tuning.
More movable chord-shapes.

In all guitar tunings, the higher-octave version of a chord can be found by translating a chord by twelve frets higher along the fretboard.[6] In every regular tuning, for example in all-fourths tuning, chords and intervals can be moved also diagonally. For all-fourths tuning, all twelve major chords (in the first or open positions) are generated by two chords, the open F major chord and the D major chord. The regularity of chord-patterns reduces the number of finger positions that need to be memorized.[1] Jazz musician Stanley Jordan plays guitar in all-fourths tuning; he has stated that all-fourths tuning "simplifies the fingerboard, making it logical".[7]

Among all regular tunings, all-fourths tuning E-A-D-G-C-F is the best approximation of standard tuning, which is more popular. An advantage of standard tuning is that it has many six-string chords, unlike all-fourths tuning.[5] All-fourths tuning is traditionally used for the bass guitar;[5] it is also used for the bajo sexto.[8]

Allan Holdsworth stated that if he were to learn the guitar again he would tune it in all-fourths. [9][10]

Relation with all-fifths tuning

All-fourths tuning is closely related to all-fifths tuning. All-fourths tuning is based on the perfect fourth (five semitones), and all-fifths tuning is based on the perfect fifth (seven semitones). These perfect-fourth and perfect-fifth intervals are termed "inverse" intervals in music theory, and the chords of all-fourth and all-fifths are paired as inverted chords. Consequently, chord charts for all-fifths tunings may be used for left-handed all-fourths tuning.[11]

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 Sethares (2001, p. 52):

    Sethares, Bill (2001). "Regular tunings". Alternate tuning guide (pdf). Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin; Department of Electrical Engineering. pp. 52–67. 2010 Alternate tuning guide, including a revised chapter on regular tunings. Retrieved 19 May 2012.

  2. ↑ Nash (1997)
  3. ↑ Denyer, pp. 158–159)
  4. ↑ Weissman (2006, p. 68)
  5. 1 2 3 Sethares (2001, p. 58)
  6. ↑ Sethares (2001, p. 9)
  7. ↑ Ferguson (1986, p. 76):
    Ferguson, Jim (1986). "Stanley Jordan". In Casabona, Helen; Belew, Adrian. New directions in modern guitar. Guitar Player basic library. Hal Leonard Publishing Corporation. pp. 68–76. ISBN 0881884235.
  8. ↑ https://stringedinstrumentdatabase.aornis.com/
  9. ↑ Rodolfo Amaral (2017-12-19), Allan Holdsworth about 4ths tuning on the guitar (EADGCF), retrieved 2018-01-25
  10. ↑ Allan Holdsworth on All-Fourths Tuning - Streamable, retrieved 2018-02-16
  11. ↑ Sethares (2001, p. 53)

References

  • Denyer, Ralph (1992). "Playing the guitar". The guitar handbook. Special contributors Isaac Guillory and Alastair M. Crawford (Fully revised and updated ed.). London and Sydney: Pan Books. pp. 65–160. ISBN 0-330-32750-X.
  • Nash, Paul (1 July 1997). "Guitar in fourths: Guitar tuning with all strings in perfect fourth intervals apart". Guitar Player. NewBay Media LLC. (subscription required). Retrieved 14 October 2012 – via HighBeam Research.
  • Sethares, William A. (2011). "Alternate tuning guide". Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin; Department of Electrical Engineering. 2010 PDF version by Bill Sethares. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
  • Weissman, Dick (2006). "Other tunings: Fourths tuning". Guitar tunings: A comprehensive guide. Routledge. pp. 68–70. ISBN 9780415974417. LCCN 0415974410.

Further reading

  • Bianco, Bob (1987) [1969]. Guitar in fourths: A manual for playing (republication of A manual for playing the guitar in fourths (Catalona Enterprises, pp. 1–64) ed.). New York City: Calliope Music. pp. 1–64. ISBN 0-9605912-2-2. OCLC 16526869.

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