Alice Stebbins Wells

Alice S. Wells
Alice Wells was the first[1] female officer in the LAPD
Born (1873-06-13)June 13, 1873
Manhattan, KS, United States
Died August 17, 1957(1957-08-17) (aged 84)
Police career
Department Los Angeles Police Department
Country United States
Years of service 1910–1940
Rank Sworn in as an officer – 1910
Sergeant – 1934
Other work Official LAPD historian, Speaker

Alice Stebbins Wells (June 13, 1873 – August 17, 1957) was the first[1] American-born female police officer in the United States, hired in 1910 in Los Angeles.[2]

Career

Early career

Alice was a graduate of Oberlin College and Hartford Theological Seminary, where a study she conducted concluded there was a large need for woman officers.[3][4] She also previously served as a minister in Kansas and a member of the Women's Christian Temperance Union.[3] Wells joined the Los Angeles Police Department after a long battle of petitioning with many citizens who supported her or that she persuaded. With such a huge community reaction the mayor, police commissioner, and the Los Angeles city council had no other excuse but to let Alice become the first policewoman in the LAPD and was classified under civil service,[4] "purity squad",[5] and not required to wear a uniform.[6]

Since 1891, law enforcement agencies had employed women only for the care of female prisoners. Mrs. Lucy Gray became the first Los Angeles Police Matron in 1888, voluntarily established her living quarters within the City Jail.[7]

After Wells successfully petitioned for a place on the LAPD and was sworn in, as the first woman police officer with arrest powers,[8] on September 12, 1910, she was hired and equipped with a telephone call box key, a police rule book and first aid book, and Los Angeles Police badge #398,[9][10][11][12] full police powers, but not a gun.[13]

When Wells showed her badge #398 for a free trolley car ride, the conductor accused her of misusing her husband’s identity.[14] The police department remedied this by presenting her with “Policewoman’s Badge Number One”.[15][16]

Wells was responsible for hand sewing her own police uniform, which was the first police woman's uniform in the United States. It was a floor-length dress and jacket. A reproduction of this very outfit is on display at The Los Angeles Police Historical Society Museum.[17] Wells was assigned to work with the LAPD's first juvenile officer, and was quickly the subject of an order issued by the force that ruled that young women could now only be questioned by female police officers. Wells began her career supervising skating rinks and dance halls, as well as interacting with female members of the public.[11] In addition, although Wells was a sworn officer she was not entitled to carry a gun, unlike male officers.[3] Two years after Wells joined the force, two other female officers were sworn in, with all female officers now under the control of the Civil Service.[18] Sixteen other cities and several foreign countries hired female police officers as a direct result of Wells' activities by 1915, when Wells created the International Policewomen's Association. Wells went on to become the founder and first president of the International Policewomen's Association and traveled throughout America and Canada to promote female officers.[11][19][20] She always advocated for more women officers to help youth in need and women who might not feel comfort in speaking to policemen.[4] Wells also founded, and was the president of, the Los Angeles Social Hygiene Society where she supported sex education in the city of Los Angeles.[3]

Contribution to modern female policing

Due to Wells's advocacy for women's and children's rights, more women were recruited after the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 to undertake community policing assignments. This is due in part because policewomen were thought to be better at defusing potentially violent situations than policemen.[21]

Nationwide publicity and retirement

The appointment of Wells attracted nationwide attention. In 1914, she was the subject of a biographical film entitled The Policewoman.[22] The University of California created the first course dedicated to the work of female police officers in 1918,[23] and Wells was made the first president of the Women's Peace Officers Association of California in 1928.[11] In 1934 she was also made the LAPD historian, and by 1937 there were 39 female officers in the LAPD, and five reserves. Wells remained the department's historian until she retired on November 1, 1940. She is remembered for having "fought for the idea that women, as regular members of municipal police departments, are particularly well-qualified to perform protective and preventative work among juveniles and female criminals."[11] Wells died in August 1957, and her funeral was attended by Deputy Chief Frank E. Walton, Jr., and high-ranking officers from the LAPD, and a ten-policewomen honor guard.[24][25]

Personal life

She was married and a mother of two.[3][5]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 James Bultema (15 February 2014). ""Who's on First?" Once and For All, Who Was the First Policewoman in the United States?". guardiansofangels.wordpress.com. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  2. ↑ "The First Women Police Officer in the U.S" Women Police Officers Association of California
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 http://search.proquest.com/docview/199369685
  4. 1 2 3 Roberts, Albert R. (1 January 1976). "Police social workers: a history". Social Work. 21 (4): 294–299. JSTOR 23711153.
  5. 1 2 "Luncheon to Celebrate Centennial of LAPD's First Policewoman". latimes.com. 13 September 2010. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  6. ↑ "The vexations of research". latimes.com. 19 August 2007. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  7. ↑ "Los Angeles Police Museum". archive.org. 7 April 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  8. ↑ "Alice Stebbins Wells: Meet The First Woman Police Officer With Arrest Powers In The U.S." womenyoushouldknow.net. 12 September 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  9. ↑ "Composite portrait of Alice Stebbins Wells and Aletha Gilbert, two of the first police women, 1910 :: California Historical Society Collection, 1860-1960". digitallibrary.usc.edu. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  10. ↑ "Pioneering Women of the LAPD". policemag.com. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Women in the LAPD Los Angeles Police Department retrieved January 20, 2008
  12. ↑ http://www.iawp.org/history/wells/Alice_LATimes1915.jpg
  13. ↑ "LAPD Honors Pioneering Female Officer Alice Stebbins Wells". policemag.com. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  14. ↑ http://www.iawp.org/history/wells/WellsBadge.pdf
  15. ↑ http://www.iawp.org/history/wells/Alicewithbadge.jpg
  16. ↑ http://www.iawp.org/history/wells/Wells_officialbadge.jpg
  17. ↑ Kreuzer, Nikki "Offbeat L.A.: Police on my Back- The LAPD Museum", The Los Angeles Beat, May 26, 2013.
  18. ↑ Radio, Southern California Public (26 March 2018). "Meet the LAPD's first female officer, who started in 1909". scpr.org. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  19. ↑ "Alice Stebbins Wells". www.iawp.org. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  20. ↑ US, Carol Paterick 301 805 90784. "International Association of Women Police Official Website". www.iawp.org. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  21. ↑ Lersch, Kim Michelle (1998). "Exploring Gender Differences in Citizen Allegations of Misconduct". Women & Criminal Justice. 9 (4): 69–79. doi:10.1300/j012v09n04_03.
  22. ↑ The Policewoman at IMDB retrieved January 20, 2008
  23. ↑ "The Early Years of American Law - America's First Policewoman". law.jrank.org. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  24. ↑ "Women in the LAPD - Los Angeles Police Department". www.lapdonline.org. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  25. ↑ "Alice Stebbins Wells (1873-1957) - Find A Grave..." www.findagrave.com. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
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