Akira Ogata

Akira Ogata (緒方 章, Ogata Akira, October 26, 1887 in Osaka Prefecture, Japan – August 22, 1978) was a Japanese chemist and the first to synthesize methamphetamine in crystalline form in 1919.[1]

Career

In 1912, Ogata graduated from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Tokyo. In 1919 he received a degree from the Humboldt University of Berlin, where he had performed pharmacological experiments.[2]

In 1920, he was appointed assistant professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Tokyo, where he taught until 1948.

History

In 1893, Methamphetamine or crystal meth was first synthesised from ephedrine by Nagayoshi Nagai [3] Ogata was the first to synthesise methamphetamine in a crystallized form. Ogata's synthesis of methamphetamine replaced much more complicated earlier syntheses, and continues to be used as the basis for modern production and usage of the drug.[4][5] Ogata's procedure involved reduction of ephedrine using iodine and red phosphorus.[6][7] Amphetamine was synthesized in 1887 by a Lazar Edeleanu in Germany.[8]

Ogata released this new drug to a British-based pharmaceutical company. It was then introduced to treat diseases such as sinus congestion and depression.

The drug took on a new form in 1934 by the German pharmaceutical company Temmler. A tablet was named ‘Pervitin’.This became popular with German soldiers, Luftwaffe pilots and even Adolf Hitler.The new pill could keep tired pilots more alert and lift the spirits of those in battle.

In Japan the drug was used as a workforce pill. It was called ‘Philopon’ which means ‘love of work’. It was given to military personnel as well as government factories.[8]

Many pharmaceutical companies in the US patented the methamphetamines under various names, one of which was called Obetrol. They treated extreme obesity as a way to curb the appetite. However, these pills were outlawed in the 70s due to some of the obvious side effects.[7]

References

  1. ↑ Zorea, Aharon W. (2014), Steroids, Health and Medical Issues Today, ABC-CLIO, p. 208, ISBN 9781440803000 .
  2. ↑ Hartmann, Rudolf, Japanische Studenten an der Berliner Universität 1920–1945 (PDF), Kleine Reihe (in German), 22, Mori-Ôgai-Gedenkstätte der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, p. 102
  3. ↑ M. Tamura (1989-01-01). Japan: stimulant epidemics past and present. Bulletin on Narcotics . United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. pp. 83–93.
  4. ↑ Moore, Elaine A. (2010), The Amphetamine Debate: The Use of Adderall, Ritalin and Related Drugs for Behavior Modification, Neuroenhancement and Anti-Aging Purposes, McFarland health topics, 10, McFarland, p. 134, ISBN 9780786480128 .
  5. ↑ JaVed I. Khan,Thomas J. Kennedy,Donnell R. Christian, Jr. (2011). Basic Principles of Forensic Chemistry. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 159–160.
  6. ↑ Elaine A. Moore (2010). The Amphetamine Debate: The Use of Adderall, Ritalin and Related Drugs for Behavior Modification, Neuroenhancement and Anti-Aging Purposes. McFarland. p. 134.
  7. 1 2 McGregor C, Srisurapanont M, Jittiwutikarn J, Laobhripatr S, Wongtan T, White J (2005). "The nature, time course and severity of methamphetamine withdrawal.". Addiction 100 (9). pp. 1320–9.
  8. 1 2 Doyle, D. (2005). ""Hitler's Medical Care"". Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 35: 75–82.


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