Adelophryne

Adelophryne
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Amphibia
Order:Anura
Family:Eleutherodactylidae
Subfamily:Phyzelaphryninae
Genus:Adelophryne
Hoogmoed and Lescure, 1984[1]
Type species
Adelophryne adiastola
Hoogmoed and Lescure, 1984[1]
Species

9 species (see text)

Adelophryne is a genus of frogs in the family Eleutherodactylidae.[1][2][3] They are native to northern South America east of the Andes, known roughly from the area corresponding to the Guiana Shield, as well as to the coastal area of Bahia, Brazil. Whether the genus is truly distinct from Phyzelaphryne remains uncertain. Common name shield frogs has been coined for this genus.[2]

Etymology

The generic name is derived from the Greek words adelos, meaning "unseen, unknown, obscure", and phryne for "toad". It refers to the fact that these small frogs were seldom collected until relatively lately.[1]

Description

Adelophryne are small leaf-litter frogs, with adults measuring no more than 17 mm (0.67 in) in snout–vent length.[4] The pupil is oval and horizontally oriented. The tympanum is distinct. The digits are flattened and have asymmetrically pointed, laterally grooved, elongate discs. No webbing is present. The fourth finger is reduced in size. Males have a large, external subgular vocal sac.[1]

Reproduction is through direct development, that is, eggs hatch directly into froglets, without free-living larval stage. Before this was confirmed for Adelophryne maranguapensis, the relatively large size of the eggs in this genus led many researcher to conclude that direct development was likely to be present.[5]

Species

As of 2017, there were nine species:[2][3] but a new species was discovered and described in 2018 and there is a strong reason to believe that 4 additional new species are most likely to be added to those existing :[6].

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Hoogmoed, M.S.; Lescure, J. (1984). "A new genus and two new species of minute leptodactylid frogs from northern South America, with comments upon Phyzelaphryne (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae)". Zoologische Mededelingen. 58: 85–115.
  2. 1 2 3 Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Adelophryne Hoogmoed and Lescure, 1984". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  3. 1 2 "Eleutherodactylidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  4. ↑ Hedges, S. B.; Duellman, W. E.; Heinicke, M. P (2008). "New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1737: 1–182.
  5. ↑ Cassiano-Lima, D.; Borges-Nojosa, D. M.; Cascon, P; Cechin, S. Z. (2011). "The reproductive mode of Adelophryne maranguapensis Hoogmoed, Borges & Cascon, 1994 (Anura, Eleutherodactylidae) an endemic and threatened species from Atlantic Forests remnants in northern Brazil" (PDF). North-Western Journal of Zoology. 7 (1). Retrieved 15 March 2014.
  6. ↑ Ricardo Lourenço-de-Moraes, Iuri R. Dias, Caio V. Mira-Mendes, Renan M. de Oliveira, Adriane Barth, Danilo S. Ruas, Miguel Vences, Mirco Solé and Rogério P. Bastos. 2018. Diversity of Miniaturized Frogs of the Genus Adelophryne (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae): A New Species from the Atlantic Forest of northeast Brazil. PLoS ONE. 13(9): e0201781. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201781
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