Adamantinoma

Adamantinoma
Micrograph of an adamantinoma showing the biphasic histomorphology. H&E stain..
Specialty Oncology, Rheumatology Edit this on Wikidata

Adamantinoma (from the Greek word adamantinos, meaning "very hard"[1]) is a rare bone cancer, making up less than 1% of all bone cancers.[2] It almost always occurs in the bones of the lower leg[3] and involves both epithelial and osteofibrous tissue.[4]

The condition was first described by Fischer in 1913.[5][6]

Presentation

Patients typically present with swelling with or without pain. The slow-growing tumor predominantly arises in long bones in a subcortical location (95% in the tibia or fibula).[3] Most commonly, patients are in their second or third decade, but adamantinoma can occur over a wide age range.

Benign osteofibrous dysplasia may be a precursor of adamantinoma[4][7] or a regressive phase of adamantinoma.[8]

Histologically, islands of epithelial cells are found in a fibrous stroma. The tumor is typically well-demarcated, osteolytic and eccentric, with cystic zones resembling soap bubbles.[2]

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is on plain radiography, or CT scan

Treatment

Treatment consists of wide resection or amputation. Metastases are rare at presentation but may occur in up to 30% of patients during the disease course. Prognosis is excellent, with overall survival of 85% at 10 years, but is lower when wide surgical margins cannot be obtained. This tumor is insensitive to radiation so chemotherapy is not typically used unless the cancer has metastasized to the lungs or other organs.[2]

Prior name for ameloblastoma

The typically benign odontogenic tumor known as ameloblastoma was first recognized in 1827 by Cusack but did not yet have any designation.[9] In 1885, this kind of odontogenic neoplasm was designated as an adamantinoma by Malassez[10] and was finally renamed to the modern name ameloblastoma in 1930 by Ivey and Churchill.[11][12] Some authors still confusingly misuse the term adamantinoma to describe ameloblastomas, however they differ in histology and frequency of malignancy.

References

  1. ↑ Brazis PW, Miller NR, Lee AG, Holliday MJ (1995). "Neuro-ophthalmologic Aspects of Ameloblastoma". Skull Base Surg. 5 (4): 233–44. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1058921. PMC 1656531. PMID 17170964.
  2. 1 2 3 Ernest U. Conrad (2008). Orthopaedic Oncology: Diagnosis and Treatment. Thieme. pp. 143–145.
  3. 1 2 Jain D, Jain VK, Vasishta RK, Ranjan P, Kumar Y (2008). "Adamantinoma: A clinicopathological review and update". Diagn Pathol. 3: 8. doi:10.1186/1746-1596-3-8. PMC 2276480. PMID 18279517.
  4. 1 2 Hatori M, Watanabe M, Hosaka M, Sasano H, Narita M, Kokubun S (May 2006). "A classic adamantinoma arising from osteofibrous dysplasia-like adamantinoma in the lower leg: a case report and review of the literature". Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 209 (1): 53–9. doi:10.1620/tjem.209.53. PMID 16636523.
  5. ↑ "Adamantinoma: Overview - eMedicine". Archived from the original on 25 December 2008. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  6. ↑ Fischer B. Uber ein primares Adamantinom der Tibia. 12. Frankfurt: Zeitschr. f. Path.; 1913:422-441.
  7. ↑ Springfield DS, Rosenberg AE, Mankin HJ, Mindell ER (1994). "Relationship between osteofibrous dysplasia and adamantinoma". Clin Orthop Relat Res (309): 234–44. PMID 7994967.
  8. ↑ Gleason, Briana C.; Liegl-Atzwanger, Bernadette. "Osteofibrous Dysplasia and Adamantinoma in Children and Adolescents: A Clinicopathologic Reappraisal". American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 32 (3): 363–376. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e318150d53e.
  9. ↑ J.W. Cusack (1827). "Report of the amputations of the lower jaw". Dublin Hosp Rec. 4: 1–38.
  10. ↑ L. Malassez (1885). "Sur Le role des debris epitheliaux papdentaires". Arch Physiol Norm Pathol. 5: 309–340 6:379–449.
  11. ↑ R.H. Ivey; H.R. Churchill (1930). "The need of a standardized surgical and pathological classification of tumors and anomalies of dental origin,". Am Assoc Dent Sch Trans. 7: 240–245.
  12. ↑ Madhup, R; Kirti, S; Bhatt, M; Srivastava, M; Sudhir, S; Srivastava, A (Jan 2006). "Giant ameloblastoma of jaw successfully treated by radiotherapy". Oral Oncology Extra. 42 (1): 22–25. doi:10.1016/j.ooe.2005.08.004.
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