Abraham Trembley

Abraham Trembley
Abraham Trembley
Born 3 September 1710
Died 12 May 1784 (1784-05-13) (aged 73)
Nationality Genevan
Known for hydra (genus)
Awards Copley Medal, 1743
Scientific career
Fields Naturalist

Abraham Trembley (3 September 1710 – 12 May 1784 Geneva) was a Genevan naturalist. He is best known for being the first to study freshwater polyps or hydra and for being among the first to develop experimental zoology. His mastery of experimental method has led some historians of science to credit him as the "father of biology".[1]

Biography

Trembley came from an officer's family from Geneva, Republic of Geneva. He was uncle to Charles Bonnet, with whom he corresponded regularly, as well as to René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur (1683–1757) and Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729–1799). Trembley acted as tutor to the two children of Count Willem Bentinck van Rhoon (1704–1774), a prominent Dutch politician at the time. The boys were 3 and 6 when Trembley, during lessons in which he went fishing in the ponds outside the house, accidentally discovered the regenerative powers of the Hydra. Those lessons took place at the Count's summer residence of Sorgvliet nearby The Hague.[2] Sketches and drawings of his experiments with the children, made by Cornelis Pronk, are kept in the archives of the town of The Hague, the Netherlands.[3]

Work on hydra

While Trembley thought he had discovered a new species, Leeuwenhoek had in fact first published on hydra in a 1702–1703 volume of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, describing them as a type of "animalculum". In his work Leeuwenhoek clearly described the process of budding, as well as their tentacles' contractility and the presence of cnidocyte batteries on tentacles.[4]

Trembley's findings were published in a groundbreaking book in 1744, Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire d'un genre de polypes d'eau douce, Gebr. Verbeek, Leiden, translated into German in 1791 as Abhandlungen zur Geschichte einer Polypenart des süssen Wassers. The book includes some of the (engraved) drawings of Pronk. His discoveries lead to his membership of the prestigious Royal Society in London and a correspondent member of the académie des sciences in France. He became also recipient of the Copley medal.

Some attribute Trembley as being the first to study stem cells, although he obviously did not refer to them as such. Trembley did however make note of their incredible regenerative capacity.[6]

References

  1. ↑ See Ratcliff, op.cit., p. 556, n. 1.
  2. ↑ Stott, Rebecca (2012). Darwin's Ghosts. New York: Spiegel& Grau. pp. 86–106. ISBN 978-1-4088-0908-2.
  3. ↑ Gajus Scheltema, "Pronk, Bentinck en Trembley: Schetsen uit achtiende-eeuws Den Haag", in "Jaarboek Geschiedkundige Vereniging Die Haghe", The Hague, 2005 (in Dutch).
  4. ↑ Phil.Trans.Roy.Soc., 1702–1703, vol.23, N 283, pp. 1304-1311//Part of a Letter from Mr Antony van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S. concerning Green Weeds Growing in Water, and Some Animalcula Found about ThemPart of a Letter from Mr Antony van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S. concerning Green Weeds Growing in Water, and Some Animalcula Found about Them
  5. ↑ See Ratcliff, op.cit., p. 569.
  6. ↑ see "Lenhoff, Sylvia G. and Howard M. Lenhoff" Op. Cit.

Further reading

  • "Hydra and the Birth of Experimental Biology, 1744: Abraham Trembley's Memoires Concerning the Polyps " Lenhoff, Sylvia G. and Howard M. Lenhoff, The Boxwood Press, Pacific Grove, CA1986 ( ISBN 9780940168015 )
  • Breen, Quirinus (1 January 1956). "Baker, John R., Abraham Trembley of Geneva, Scientist and philosopher, 1710–1784". Journal of the Medical Library Association. 44 (1): 84–85. PMC 199989.
  • Ratcliff, Marc J. (December 2004). "Abraham Trembley's Strategy of Generosity and the Scope of Celebrity in the Mid-Eighteenth Century" (PDF). Isis. 95 (4): 555–575. doi:10.1086/430649. PMID 16011294. Retrieved 24 September 2006.
  • Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery, entries on Abraham Trembley, as reproduced on http://www.bookrags.com/Abraham_Trembley.
  • Animal, Vegetable and Mineral: Natural History books by ten authors, on-line exhibit, Sheridan Libraries, Johns Hopkins University
  • Online biography, Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Florence


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