A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (film)

A Tree Grows in Brooklyn
Theatrical release poster
Directed by Elia Kazan
Produced by Louis D. Lighton
Screenplay by
Based on A Tree Grows in Brooklyn
1943 novel
by Betty Smith
Starring
Music by Alfred Newman
Cinematography Leon Shamroy
Edited by Dorothy Spencer
Distributed by 20th Century Fox
Release date
  • February 28, 1945 (1945-02-28)
Running time
 128 minutes
Country United States
Language English
Box office $3 million[1]

A Tree Grows in Brooklyn is a 1945 American romantic drama film that marked the debut of Elia Kazan as a film director. Adapted by Tess Slesinger and Frank Davis from the 1943 novel by Betty Smith, the period drama focuses on an impoverished, but aspirational, second-generation Irish-American family living in the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York, in the early 20th century. Peggy Ann Garner received the Academy Juvenile Award for her performance as Francie Nolan, the adolescent girl at the center of the coming-of-age story. Other stars are Dorothy McGuire, Joan Blondell, Lloyd Nolan, Ted Donaldson, and James Dunn, who received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of Francie's father.

The screenplay was adapted for radio in 1949 and television in 1974. In 2010, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

Plot

The film depicts several months in the life of the Nolans, an Irish American family living in the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn in 1912.[2] The film covers a much shorter timespan than the book, which ranges from before Francie is born until after she turns 16. The film focuses on the time when Francie is around 13 years old.

Katie Nolan (Dorothy McGuire) is a hard-working housewife who scrubs the floors of her tenement building and collects rags for sale to a scrap fabric dealer in order to provide for her family. She's married to Johnny Nolan (James Dunn), a happy-go-lucky, charming man who means well, but dreams his way through life, rather than find steady employment. He is also an alcoholic. On the rare occasions he finds work as a singing waiter, everything he earns usually ends up in his drinking, much to Katie's despair. The couple have two children: 13-year-old Francie (Peggy Ann Garner), who idolizes her father; and 12-year-old Neeley (Cornelius) (Ted Donaldson). Tense and frustrated, Katie is often sharper with the children than she means to be, while Johnny is gentle, generous, and indulgent, especially with Francie.

James Dunn and Peggy Ann Garner in A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

Katie's sister, Sissy (Joan Blondell), is a sassy, free-spirited woman who has recently married for the third time. Katie learns this from gossipy insurance agent Mr. Barker when he comes by to collect the Nolans' weekly premium. Scandalized and embarrassed, Katie cuts off her relationship with Sissy, which makes the children, who love their wild and wacky aunt, unhappy. Francie is also worried that the building's landlord has cut too many branches off the tree in the tenement's courtyard, which Francie and her father call the Tree of Heaven, and that it may die. But when she points this out to Johnny, he explains the cutting back is necessary and the tree will grow again.

In the meantime, a police officer new to the neighborhood, Officer McShane (Lloyd Nolan), encounters Sissy and the children one afternoon. When he meets Katie, he is enchanted. A few days later, however, he learns Johnny (drunk after an argument with his wife) is Katie's husband, and is devastated to realize Katie is married.

The children's grandmother Rommely (Ferike Boros) often tells them about her immigration to the United States, and how important education is in life. While Neeley isn't interested in books and school, Francie is a bright child who is always reading, thinking about what she reads and observes, and eager to learn. Every night, she reads to the family from the thick book of Shakespeare her grandmother let them buy, even though they don't understand what they read.

One Sunday, Francie indirectly persuades her father to go for a walk. She accompanies him and shows him the school she wants to attend. It's a nicer school in a nearby neighborhood, with wealthier, well dressed students. When he sees how much this means to Francie, Johnny "borrows" a home address in the correct district so Francie can claim she is eligible to attend. Katie is opposed, but Johnny persuades her to go along with the lie, and in the end, Katie supports her daughter's ambition by tailoring an old dress into one Francie can wear to school. Once she becomes a pupil at the school, Francie impresses her new teacher with her creative writing.

Peggy Ann Garner and Ted Donaldson in A Tree Grows in Brooklyn
Advertisement (February 1945)

Meanwhile, Katie moves the family into a smaller, cheaper apartment one floor up, angering her husband who thinks she is being stingy. In fact, Katie is pregnant and worried how they will support another child. Sissy also becomes pregnant, and she and Katie reconcile shortly before Christmas. The families celebrate a happy, poignant Christmas together, and later that night, Katie tells Johnny she is pregnant. She suggests that Francie drop out of school to work. Since Johnny understands how much being in school means to his daughter, he feels desperate to find a job. Despite the fact that it's snowing hard, Johnny goes out determined to find work but fails to return.

After Johnny has been missing for a week, Officer McShane comes to the apartment to deliver the bad news that Johnny died of pneumonia while out in the snowstorm. Francie blames her mother for her father's death, but the births of Sissy's and Katie's babies help ease tensions in the household. To provide financial help, a sympathetic tavern owner, Mr. McGarrity (James Gleason), gives Francie and Neeley after-school jobs.

During Katie's labor, at home because they cannot afford the hospital birth Sissy had, Francie is her mother's greatest help and comfort. Katie asks Francie to read some of her creative writing essays, and confides how much she misses Johnny. The shared experience brings mother and daughter closer. When the baby is born, a little girl, Katie names her Annie Laurie, after the song Johnny once sang to them.

The following June, both children graduate from their respective schools on the same day. Katie attends Neeley's graduation, while Sissy goes to Francie's. Using money Johnny gave her for safekeeping back in December, Sissy gives Francie a bouquet of flowers from her father, along with a congratulation card that Johnny wrote himself. Francie, who has bottled up her grief for many months, finally breaks down.

After the graduation ceremonies, the family reunites at the ice cream shop to celebrate. While there, some boys who know Neeley come by their table. One teenager in particular is very interested in Francie, and asks her to a movie the next day, her first date.

When the Nolans return home, they find Officer McShane baby-sitting along with Sissy's husband. McShane has been waiting to propose to Katie, who accepts. Officer McShane also asks to adopt Annie Laurie and give her his last name. Francie and Neeley think Annie Laurie's life with McShane as a father will be much easier, but not nearly as much fun.

The film ends as Francie sees the courtyard tree begin to grow again, just as her father said it would.

Cast

Accolades

James Dunn won the 1945 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, Frank Davis and Tess Slesinger were nominated for Writing, Adapted Screenplay, and Peggy Ann Garner won the 1945 Academy Juvenile Award.

In 2010, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[4][5]

The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

Adaptations

James Dunn and Connie Marshall starred in a CBS Radio adaptation of A Tree Grows in Brooklyn that aired April 28, 1949, on Hallmark Playhouse.[7]

The screenplay was adapted for a 1974 NBC television film directed by Joseph Hardy, starring Cliff Robertson, Diane Baker, Pamelyn Ferdin, and James Olson.[3][8]

Home media

A Tree Grows in Brooklyn was released on Region 1 DVD as part of the 20th Century Fox Home Video box set, The Elia Kazan Collection (2010).[9]

References

  1. ↑ Aubrey Solomon, Twentieth Century-Fox: A Corporate and Financial History Rowman & Littlefield, 2002 p 220
  2. ↑ "A Tree Grows in Brooklyn". novelexplorer.com. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "A Tree Grows in Brooklyn". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. American Film Institute. Retrieved 2016-06-11.
  4. ↑ "'Empire Strikes Back' among 25 film registry picks". Retrieved 28 December 2010.
  5. ↑ Barnes, Mike (28 December 2010). "'Empire Strikes Back,' 'Airplane!' Among 25 Movies Named to National Film Registry". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 30 December 2010. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
  6. ↑ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers Nominees" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-08-14.
  7. ↑ "Hallmark Playhouse". RadioGOLDINdex. Retrieved 2016-06-11.
  8. ↑ "A Tree Grows in Brooklyn". BFI Film & TV Database. British Film Institute. Retrieved 2016-06-11.
  9. ↑ Kehr, Dave (November 5, 2010). "Creating Stars and Enemies". The New York Times. Retrieved 2015-10-30.
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