A Hard Day's Night (film)

A Hard Day's Night
Theatrical release poster
Directed by Richard Lester
Produced by Walter Shenson
Screenplay by Alun Owen
Starring
Music by Musical Director:
George Martin
Songs:
Lennon–McCartney[lower-alpha 1]
Cinematography Gilbert Taylor
Edited by John Jympson
Production
company
Walter Shenson Films
Proscenium Films
Subafilms Ltd.
Distributed by United Artists (Original release)
The Criterion Collection
Janus Films
Apple Films (All current releases)
Release date
 6 July 1964 (UK)
11 August 1964 (US)
Running time
 87 minutes
Country United Kingdom
Language English
Budget £189,000[1]
Box office $12,299,668[2]

A Hard Day's Night is a 1964 British musical comedy film directed by Richard Lester and starring the Beatles—John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr—during the height of Beatlemania. It was written by Alun Owen and originally released by United Artists. The film portrays several days in the lives of the group.

The film was a financial and critical success. Forty years after its release, Time magazine rated it as one of the all-time great 100 films.[3] In 1997, British critic Leslie Halliwell described it as a "comic fantasia with music; an enormous commercial success with the director trying every cinematic gag in the book" and awarded it a full four stars.[4] The film is credited as being one of the most influential of all musical films, inspiring numerous spy films, the Monkees' television show and pop music videos. In 1999, the British Film Institute ranked it the 88th greatest British film of the 20th century.[5]

Plot

Bound for a London show from Liverpool, the Beatles escape a horde of fans ("A Hard Day's Night"). Once they are aboard the train and trying to relax, various interruptions test their patience: after a dalliance with a female passenger, Paul's grandfather is confined to the guard's van and the four lads join him there to keep him company. John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr play a card game, entertaining some schoolgirls before arriving at their desired destination ("I Should Have Known Better").

Upon arrival in London, the Beatles are driven to a hotel, only to feel trapped inside. They are tasked to answer numerous letters and fan mail in their hotel room but instead they sneak out to party ("I Wanna Be Your Man", "Don't Bother Me", "All My Loving"). After being caught by their manager Norm (Norman Rossington), they return to find out that Paul's grandfather John (Wilfrid Brambell) went to the casino. After causing minor trouble at the casino, the group is taken to the theatre where their performance is to be televised. After rehearsals ("If I Fell"), the boys leave through a fire escape and dance around a field but are forced to leave by the owner of the property ("Can't Buy Me Love"). On their way back to the theatre, they are separated when a woman named Millie (Anna Quayle) recognises John as someone famous but cannot recall who he is. George is also mistaken for an actor auditioning for a television show featuring a trend setter hostess. The boys all return to rehearse another song ("And I Love Her") and after goofing around backstage, they play another song to impress the makeup artists ("I'm Happy Just to Dance with You").

While waiting to perform, Ringo is forced to look after Paul's grandfather and decides to spend some time alone reading a book. Paul's grandfather, a "villain, a real mixer", convinces him to go outside to experience life rather than reading books. Ringo goes off by himself ("This Boy" instrumental). He tries to have a quiet drink in a pub, takes pictures, walks alongside a canal, and rides a bicycle along a railway station platform.[6] While the rest of the band frantically and unsuccessfully attempts to find Ringo, he is arrested for acting in a suspicious manner. Paul's grandfather joins him shortly after attempting to sell photographs wherein he forged the boys' signatures. Paul's grandfather eventually makes a run for it and tells the rest of the band where Ringo is. The boys all go to the station to rescue Ringo but end up running away from the police back to the theatre ("Can't Buy Me Love") and the concert goes ahead as planned. After the concert ("Tell Me Why", "If I Fell", "I Should Have Known Better", "She Loves You"), the band is taken away from the hordes of fans via helicopter.[7]

Cast

Screenplay

The screenplay was written by Alun Owen, who was chosen because the Beatles were familiar with his play No Trams to Lime Street, and he had shown an aptitude for Liverpudlian dialogue. McCartney commented, "Alun hung around with us and was careful to try and put words in our mouths that he might've heard us speak, so I thought he did a very good script."[7] Owen spent several days with the group, who told him their lives were like "a train and a room and a car and a room and a room and a room"; the character of Paul's grandfather refers to this in the dialogue.[8] Owen wrote the script from the viewpoint that the Beatles had become prisoners of their own fame, their schedule of performances and studio work having become punishing.

The script comments cheekily on the Beatles' fame. For instance, at one point a fan, played by Anna Quayle, apparently recognises John Lennon, though she does not actually mention Lennon's name, saying only "you are...". He demurs, saying his face is not quite right for "him", initiating a surreal dialogue ending with the fan agreeing that Lennon doesn't "look like him at all", and Lennon saying to himself that "she looks more like him than I do".[8] Other dialogue is derived from actual interviews with the Beatles. When Ringo is asked if he's a mod or a rocker, he replies: "Uh, no, I'm a mocker",[9] a line derived from a joke he made on the TV show Ready Steady Go!.[10][11] The frequent reference to McCartney's grandfather (Wilfrid Brambell) as a "clean old man" sets up a contrast with the stock description of Brambell's character, Albert Steptoe in Steptoe and Son, as a "dirty old man".[12]

Audiences also responded to the Beatles' brash social impudence. Director Richard Lester said, "The general aim of the film was to present what was apparently becoming a social phenomenon in this country. Anarchy is too strong a word, but the quality of confidence that the boys exuded! Confidence that they could dress as they liked, speak as they liked, talk to the Queen as they liked, talk to the people on the train who 'fought the war for them' as they liked. ... [Everything was] still based on privilege—privilege by schooling, privilege by birth, privilege by accent, privilege by speech. The Beatles were the first people to attack this… they said if you want something, do it. You can do it. Forget all this talk about talent or ability or money or speech. Just do it."[13]

Despite the fact that the original working titles of the film were first The Beatles and then Beatlemania, the group's name is never spoken in the movie[14]—it is, however, visible on Ringo's drum kit, on the stage lighting, and on the helicopter in the final scene. The television performance scene also contains a visual pun on the group's name, with photos of beetles visible on the wall behind the dancers.

Production

The film was shot for United Artists (UA) using a cinéma vérité style in black-and-white and produced over a period of sixteen weeks. It had a low budget for its time of £200,000 ($500,000) and filming was finished in under seven weeks.[15] At first, the film itself was something of a secondary consideration to UA, whose primary interest was in being able to release the soundtrack album in the United States before Capitol Records (the American EMI affiliate who had first shot at releasing Beatles music in the States) got around to issuing their material; in the words of Bud Ornstein, the European head of production for United Artists: "Our record division wants to get the soundtrack album to distribute in the States, and what we lose on the film we'll get back on this disc."[16] As film historian Stephen Glynn put it, A Hard Day's Night was intended as, "a low-budget exploitation movie to milk the latest brief musical craze for all it was worth."[17]

Unlike most productions, it was filmed in near sequential order, as stated by Lennon in 1964.[18] Filming began on 2 March 1964 at Marylebone station in London (sometimes misidentified as Paddington). The Beatles had joined the actors' union, Equity, only that morning.[19] The first week of filming was on a train travelling between London and Minehead.[20] On 10 March, scenes with Ringo were shot at the Turk's Head pub in Twickenham, and over the following week various interior scenes were filmed at Twickenham Studios. From 23 to 30 March, filming moved to the Scala Theatre,[21] and on 31 March, concert footage was shot there, although the group mimed to backing tracks.[19] The "Can't Buy Me Love" segment, which featured creative camera work and the band running and jumping around in a field was shot on 23 April 1964 at Thornbury Playing Fields, Isleworth, Middlesex.[19] The final scene was filmed the following day in West Ealing, London, where Ringo obligingly drops his coat over puddles for a lady to step on, only to discover that the final puddle is actually a large hole in the road.[22]

Before A Hard Day's Night was released in America, a United Artists executive asked Lester to dub the voices of the group with mid-Atlantic accents. McCartney angrily replied, "Look, if we can understand a fucking cowboy talking Texan, they can understand us talking Liverpool."[23] Lester subsequently directed the Beatles' 1965 film, Help!.

The film's costumes—except for those of The Beatles themselves—were designed by Julie Harris. The clothes of The Beatles were credited to Dougie Millings & Son.

Casting

Irish actor Wilfrid Brambell, who played Paul McCartney's fictional grandfather John McCartney, was already well known to British audiences as co-star of the British sitcom Steptoe and Son. The recurring joke that he was so clean reflects a play on his sitcom role, where he was always referred to as a dirty old man. In other roles, Norman Rossington played the Beatles' manager Norm, John Junkin played the group's road manager Shake, and Victor Spinetti played the television director. Brian Epstein, the group's real manager, had an uncredited bit part.[24]

The supporting cast included Richard Vernon as the "city gent" on the train and Lionel Blair as a featured dancer. There were also various cameos. John Bluthal played a car thief and an uncredited Derek Nimmo appeared as magician Leslie Jackson. David Janson (billed as David Jaxon here) played the small boy met by Ringo on his "walkabout". Rooney Massara, who went on to compete in the 1972 Munich Olympics, was the sculler in the river in the "walkabout" scene by the river at Kew (uncredited). Kenneth Haigh appeared as an advertising executive who mistakes George for a "new phenomenon." David Langton also made a cameo appearance as an actor in the dressing room scene.

Mal Evans, one of the Beatles' road managers, also appears briefly in the film—moving an upright bass through a tight hallway as Lennon talks with the woman who mistakes him for someone else.

George Harrison met his wife-to-be, Patricia Boyd, on the set when she made a brief (uncredited) appearance as one of the schoolgirls on the train. His initial overtures to her were spurned because she had a boyfriend at the time but he persisted and they were married within 18 months.[25] The girl with Boyd in the dining car scene is Prudence Bury.[26] Phil Collins, within a few years a band member of Genesis, was an uncredited schoolboy extra in the concert audience.[27][28] Playing the buxom woman with Paul's grandfather in the casino scene was popular British 1960s Harrison Marks pinup model Margaret Nolan A. K. A. Vicky Kennedy who also appeared as "Dink", and as the golden girl during the opening credits, of the James Bond film "Goldfinger".

Reception

The film premiered at the Pavilion Theatre in London on 6 July 1964—the eve of Ringo Starr's 24th birthday—and the soundtrack was released four days later.[29] A Hard Day's Night set records at the London Pavilion by grossing over $20,000 in the first week, ultimately becoming so popular that more than 1,600 prints were in circulation simultaneously.[30]

Reviews of the film were mostly positive; one oft-quoted assessment was provided by Andrew Sarris of The Village Voice, labeling A Hard Day's Night "the Citizen Kane of jukebox musicals."[31] When The Village Voice published the results of its first annual film poll, A Hard Day's Night placed second behind Stanley Kubrick's Dr. Strangelove.[32] Time magazine called the film "One of the smoothest, freshest, funniest films ever made for purposes of exploitation."[33] Film critic Roger Ebert described the film as "one of the great life-affirming landmarks of the movies", and added it to his list of The Great Movies.[34] In 2004, Total Film magazine named A Hard Day's Night the 42nd greatest British film of all time. In 2005, Time.com named it one of the 100 best films of the last 80 years.[3] Leslie Halliwell gave the film his highest rating, four stars, the only British film of 1964 to achieve that accolade.[4] It has a 98% "Fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 106 reviews, with the consensus; "A Hard Day's Night, despite its age, is still a delight to watch and has proven itself to be a rock-and-roll movie classic."[35] It is also No.1 on Rotten Tomatoes' list of the Top Ten Certified Fresh Musicals[36] and No. 8 on the Best Reviewed Movies of All Time.[37]

The New York Times film critic Bosley Crowther noted the film was a subtle satire on Beatlemania and the Beatles themselves. The Beatles are portrayed as likeable young lads who are constantly amazed at the attention they receive and who want nothing more than a little peace and quiet; however, they have to deal with screaming crowds, journalists who ask nonsensical questions, and authority figures who constantly look down upon them.[38] In fact their biggest problem is McCartney's elderly, but "clean" grandfather, played by Wilfrid Brambell.[39] The New Yorker critic Brendan Gill wrote: "Though I don't pretend to understand what makes these four rather odd-looking boys so fascinating to so many scores of millions of people, I admit that I feel a certain mindless joy stealing over me as they caper about uttering sounds."[40]

A Hard Day's Night was nominated for two Academy Awards: for Best Screenplay (Alun Owen), and Best Score (Adaptation) (George Martin).

By 1971, the film was estimated to have earned $11 million worldwide.[1]

Influence

British critic Leslie Halliwell states the film's influence as "it led directly to all the kaleidoscopic swinging London spy thrillers and comedies of the later sixties".[4] In particular, the visuals and storyline are credited with inspiring The Monkees' television series.[41] The "Can't Buy Me Love" segment borrowed stylistically from Richard Lester's earlier The Running Jumping & Standing Still Film, and it is this segment, in particular using the contemporary technique of cutting the images to the beat of the music, which has been cited as a precursor of modern music videos.[42][43][44][45][46] Roger Ebert goes even further, crediting Lester for a more pervasive influence, even constructing "a new grammar": "he influenced many other films. Today when we watch TV and see quick cutting, hand-held cameras, interviews conducted on the run with moving targets, quickly intercut snatches of dialogue, music under documentary action and all the other trademarks of the modern style, we are looking at the children of A Hard Day's Night".[34] In an interview for the DVD re-release of A Hard Day's Night, Lester said he had been labelled the father of MTV and had jokingly responded by asking for a paternity test.

Title

The movie's strange title originated from something said by Ringo Starr, who described it this way in an interview with disc jockey Dave Hull in 1964: "We went to do a job, and we'd worked all day and we happened to work all night. I came up still thinking it was day I suppose, and I said, 'It's been a hard day ...' and I looked around and saw it was dark so I said, '... night!' So we came to A Hard Day's Night."[47]

According to Lennon in a 1980 interview with Playboy magazine: "I was going home in the car, and Dick Lester suggested the title, 'Hard Day's Night' from something Ringo had said. I had used it in In His Own Write, but it was an off-the-cuff remark by Ringo. You know, one of those malapropisms. A Ringo-ism, where he said it not to be funny... just said it. So Dick Lester said, 'We are going to use that title.'"[48]

In a 1994 interview for The Beatles Anthology, however, McCartney disagreed with Lennon's recollections, recalling that it was the Beatles, and not Lester, who had come up with the idea of using Starr's verbal misstep: "The title was Ringo's. We'd almost finished making the film, and this fun bit arrived that we'd not known about before, which was naming the film. So we were sitting around at Twickenham studios having a little brain-storming session ... and we said, 'Well, there was something Ringo said the other day.' Ringo would do these little malapropisms, he would say things slightly wrong, like people do, but his were always wonderful, very lyrical ... they were sort of magic even though he was just getting it wrong. And he said after a concert, 'Phew, it's been a hard day's night.'"[49]

Yet another version of events appeared in 1996; producer Walter Shenson said that Lennon had described to him some of Starr's funnier gaffes, including "a hard day's night", whereupon Shenson immediately decided that that was going to be the title of the film.[50]

Regardless of which of these origin stories is the true one, the original tentative title for the film had been "Beatlemania" and when the new title was agreed upon, it became necessary to write and quickly record a new title song, which was completed on 16 April, just eight days before filming was finished.[16] John Lennon wrote the song in one night, (credited to Lennon-McCartney) basing the lyrics on a birthday card sent to his young son Julian,[51] and it went on to win a Grammy for Best Performance by a Vocal Group.[52]:p.xii

The film was titled Yeah Yeah Yeah in Germany and Sweden, Tutti Per Uno (All for One) in Italy, Quatre garçons dans le vent (Four Boys in the Wind[lower-alpha 2]) in France[53] Yeah! Yeah! Tässä tulemme! (Yeah! Yeah! Here We Come!) in Finland and Os Reis do Iê-Iê-Iê (The Kings of Yeah-yeah-yeah) in Brazil.

Novelisation

In 1964, Pan Books published a novelisation of the film by author John Burke, described as "based on the original screenplay by Alun Owen". The book was priced at two shillings and sixpence and contained an 8-page section of photographs from the movie. It is the first book in the English language to have the word 'grotty' in it.

Songs

The film's credits state that all songs are composed by John Lennon and Paul McCartney. However, a portion of "Don't Bother Me" is heard in the film; this song is, in fact, a George Harrison composition, and is identified as such on all album appearances.

  1. "I Should Have Known Better"
  2. "If I Fell"
  • Side B
  1. "Tell Me Why"
  2. "And I Love Her"

Song notes

  • "I'll Cry Instead" was among several songs considered for the film but ultimately not included either as an on-camera performance or for usage as an audio-only track. It was to be used during the "escape/fire escape" sequence of the film, but ultimately director Richard Lester vetoed it because of its downbeat lyrics and it was replaced for that scene by "Can't Buy Me Love".[16] Its status as an early contender for inclusion led to the song being included on the US soundtrack album.[54]
  • In the 1982 US theatrical reissue of the film by Universal Pictures, under licence from Walter Shenson, the song "I'll Cry Instead" was used as the audio track for a prologue sequence to the film which consisted of stills from the film and publicity photographs as a tribute to Lennon consisting of a "Swingin'" early to mid-1960s-style collage of photos of the Beatles in 1964 around the time they were shooting the film. The prologue was assembled without the involvement or knowledge of the film's director Richard Lester, who subsequently expressed his disapproval of the addition.[52]:pp.119–120 The prologue was not included on the 2000 restoration of the film.[55] [56]
  • The song "You Can't Do That" was filmed as part of the film's TV concert sequence, but was not included in the final cut of the film. At a point before a decision had been made to excise the song from the film, footage of that performance had been sent by the filmmakers and Brian Epstein to be aired on The Ed Sullivan Show as a tease to promote the forthcoming release of the movie. The clip aired on the Sullivan show on Sunday, 24 May 1964 in conjunction with an interview with The Beatles specially filmed by Sullivan in London.[57] An extract of the footage of the song performance was included in the 1994 documentary The Making of "A Hard Day's Night".[58]
  • The song "I Call Your Name" was cut from the film for unknown reasons.[52]:p.55

Release history

  • 1964: A Hard Day's Night was released by United Artists;
  • 1967: The film premiered on American television on the NBC network on October 24; the usual Peacock introduction, which preceded all NBC color broadcasts of the era, was replaced by a humorous black-and-white animated cartoon penguin, with cartoon representations of the Beatles jumping out of it, as A Hard Day's Night was not shot in color;[59][60]
  • 1979: Rights to the film were transferred to its producer, Walter Shenson;
  • 1982: Universal Pictures, under license from Shenson, reissued the film in theaters. This release included a prologue consisting of production stills set to the song "I'll Cry Instead", which would remain on subsequent home video editions until 2000;
  • 1984: MPI Home Video, under license from Shenson, first released A Hard Day's Night on home video in the VHS, Betamax, CED Videodisc, and Laserdisc formats, which all included the prologue.[61]
  • 1993: Voyager Company produced a CD-ROM for Mac and PC platforms with video in QuickTime 1 format, containing most of Criterion's elements, including the original script.[63]
  • 1997: MPI Home Video released the first DVD edition. It contains the 1982 prologue and trailer, newsreels, an interview with Richard Lester, and The Running Jumping & Standing Still Film.
  • 2000: Miramax Films reissued the film in theatres in the United States and then as a collector's edition DVD two years later, as well as its final issue in the VHS format. The film had been transferred from the restored 35 mm negative and presented in 1.66:1 Widescreen. The prologue that Universal added in 1982 is absent on the Miramax releases.[64]
    • In addition to the original film, the DVD edition contained a bonus disc with over 7 hours of additional material including interviews with cast and crew members and Beatles associates. The DVD was produced by Beatles historian and producer Martin Lewis, a longtime friend of Walter Shenson.[64]
  • 2009: The film was released on Blu-ray Disc in Canada; however, the disc is region free and will play in any Blu-ray machine. It contains most of the 2000 DVD bonus features.
  • 2010: Miramax was sold by Disney to Filmyard Holdings, LLC, and the home video sub-licence transferred to Lionsgate, although no U.S. Blu-ray release date had been announced.
  • 2011: A new Blu-ray edition was released in Mexico, this version has Spanish subtitles.
  • 2014: Janus Films acquired the rights to the film from Miramax (on behalf of the Shenson Estate, managed by Bruce A. Karsh) and announced a domestic video re-release via The Criterion Collection on 24 June 2014.[65] This dual-format edition (which incorporates the first ever U.S. issue on Blu-ray) contains various supplements from all previous video re-issues. This marks the return of this film to Criterion for the first time in two decades. The film was also released in theaters across the U.S. and in the UK (by Metrodome in the latter region)[66] on 4 July 2014. On 6 July 2014, the film was shown in re-mastered HD on BBC Four in the UK to mark its 50th anniversary. Criterion's DVD/Blu-ray release of A Hard Day's Night was duplicated by Umbrella Entertainment in Australia (released 2 July)[67] and Second Sight Films in the UK (released 21 July).[68]
  • 2015: On 15 December, Criterion re-released their Blu-ray as part of The Rock Box, a collection of rock music-related films that also includes Monterey Pop (1968), Gimme Shelter (1970) and Quadrophenia (1979).[69]

40th anniversary cast and crew reunion screening

On 6 July 2004, the 40th anniversary of the film's world premiere, a private cast and crew reunion screening was hosted in London by DVD producer Martin Lewis. The screening was attended by McCartney, actors Victor Spinetti, John Junkin, David Janson and many crew members. In media interviews at the event, McCartney disclosed that while he had seen the film many times on video, he had not seen the film on the "big screen" since its 1964 premiere.[70]

See also

References

Notes
  1. ↑ Although the film features George Harrison's song "Don't Bother Me", he did not receive an onscreen credit for writing it.
  2. ↑ This french expression means to be hip.
Citations
  1. 1 2 Alexander Walker, Hollywood, England, Stein and Day, 1974 p. 241
  2. ↑ Box Office Information for A Hard Day's Night. The Numbers. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
  3. 1 2 Corliss, Richard (12 February 2005). "All-Time 100 Movies". Time. Archived from the original on 15 July 2010. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
  4. 1 2 3 Halliwell, Leslie (1997). Halliwell's Film & Video Guide. Harper Collins. ISBN 0-00-638779-9.
  5. ↑ British Film Institute - Top 100 British Films (1999). Retrieved 27 October 2017
  6. ↑ This scene was filmed at Crowcombe Heathfield Station on the West Somerset Railway "Crowcombe Heathfield". Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
  7. 1 2 "A Hard Day's Night Film Summary and comments from The Beatles". Archived from the original on 8 March 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2008.
  8. 1 2 "A Hard Day's Night Script". aella. Archived from the original on 12 February 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2008.
  9. ↑ Wiegand, Chris (12 December 2005). "Film and Drama: A Hard Day's Night". BBC Four Cinema. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2008.
  10. ↑ Barrow, Tony (2006). John, Paul, George, Ringo & Me: The Real Beatles Story. Da Capo Press. p. 61.
  11. ↑ Winn, John C. (2008). Way Beyond Compare: The Beatles' Recorded Legacy, 1957–1965. Three Rivers Press. p. 165. In the original interview Ringo admits he borrowed the line from John.
  12. ↑ "Television Heaven : Steptoe and Son". Archived from the original on 22 April 2008. Retrieved 4 April 2008.
  13. ↑ "The Beatles are pent up prisoners of their own notoriety in A Hard Day's Night". Pop Matters.
  14. ↑ Frebowitz, Jerry. "A Hard Day's Night: Ten Things To Know About The Movie". Talkin' the Oldies. MovieFanFare. Archived from the original on 30 May 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  15. ↑ Erickson, Hal. "A Hard Day's Night: Synopsis". AllMovie. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  16. 1 2 3 Rybaczewski, Dave. ""A Hard Day's Night" Soundtrack History". Beatles Music History. DKR Products. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  17. ↑ Glynn, Stephen (2005). A Hard Day's Night: The British Film Guide 10. London: I.B.Tauris. p. 9. ISBN 1-85043-587-1.
  18. ↑ The Beatles, The Beatles Anthology (San Francisco: Chronicle Books, LCC, 2000, ISBN 0-8118-2684-8), p. 267
  19. 1 2 3 4 Miles, Barry (2001). The Beatles Diary. London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-8308-9.
  20. ↑ "The Beatles in West Somerset in 1964". Archived from the original on 14 April 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
  21. ↑ "Scala Theatre, 58 Charlotte Street". Retrieved 3 April 2008.
  22. ↑ Mark Lewisohn, The Complete Beatles Chronicle (London: Pyramid Books, Hamlyn, 1992, ISBN 0-600-61001-2), p. 158
  23. ↑ Harry, Bill. "Beatles Browser Four (p3)". Mersey Beat. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  24. ↑ Elyea, Jim (6 May 2006). "'A Hard Day's Night': The Beatles" (PDF). Voice of the Theatre. Alex Film Society. 12 (1). Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  25. ↑ Crowther, Bosley (19 February 2007). "A Hard Day's Night (1964)". New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2008.
  26. ↑ "Prudence Bury" (in French). Ouest-france.fr. Archived from the original on 6 March 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  27. ↑ Walsh, John (20 June 2014). "Phil Collins: The King Lear of pop music". The Independent. London. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
  28. ↑ Lumenick, Lou (11 June 2014). "10 things you didn't know about 'A Hard Day's Night'". New York Post. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
  29. ↑ "A Hard Days Night". Archived from the original on 20 October 2006. Retrieved 4 April 2008.
  30. ↑ Slide, Anthony (1985). Fifty Classic British Films, 1932–1982: A Pictorial Record. London: Constable. p. 118. ISBN 0-486-24860-7.
  31. ↑ Sarris, Andrew (2004). "A Hard Day's Night". In Elizabeth Thomson; David Gutman. The Lennon Companion. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81270-3. The fact remains the A Hard Day's Night has turned out to be the Citizen Kane of jukebox musicals, the brilliant crystallization of such diverse cultural particles as rock 'n' roll,...
  32. ↑ "The Second Annual Village Voice Film Poll (Bonus: The First Poll, Too!)". Village Voice. 10 February 1966. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  33. ↑ "Yeah? Yeah. Yeah!". Time. 24 August 1964. Archived from the original on 2 March 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2008.
  34. 1 2 Ebert, Roger (27 October 1996). "Review of A Hard Day's Night". RogerEbert.com. Retrieved 27 February 2008.
  35. ↑ A Hard Day's Night at Rotten Tomatoes
  36. ↑ Tim Ryan; Jeff Giles; Ryan Fujitani; David Chung; Luke Goodsell; Alex Vo (6 July 2010). "RT's Top Ten Certified Fresh Musicals". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on 9 July 2010. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
  37. ↑ "Top Movies – Best Movies of 2011 and All Time". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  38. ↑ Crowther, Bosley (12 August 1964). "Screen: The Four Beatles in 'A Hard Day's Night'". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  39. ↑ "A Hard Day's Night". Archived from the original on 2 April 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2008. This is a running gag, in which various characters describe him as "clean".
  40. ↑ Gill, Brendan (22 August 1964). ""A Hard Day's Night" – review". New Yorker.
  41. ↑ Massingill, Randy (2005). Total Control: The Monkees Michael Nesmith Story. Las Vegas, Nevada: FLEXQuarters. ISBN 0-9658218-4-6.
  42. ↑ "Beatles film 'A Hard Day's Night' still makes you feel all right". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
  43. ↑ "History of Music Video Mistakes". Archived from the original on 24 February 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
  44. ↑ "Blow Up Your Video". Archived from the original on 5 April 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
  45. ↑ "100 Most Daring Movies Ever Made". Archived from the original on 11 April 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
  46. ↑ "10 Ways A Hard Day's Night (the Movie) Changed the World". Vulture.com. 7 July 2014.
  47. ↑ Badman, Keith. The Beatles Off The Record. Music Sales Corporation. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-7119-7985-7.
  48. ↑ cited in Dowlding, William J. (1989). Beatlesongs. Fireside. ISBN 978-0-671-68229-3.
  49. ↑ Miles, Barry (1997). Paul McCartney: Many Years From Now. New York: Henry Holt & Company. p. 164. ISBN 0-8050-5249-6.
  50. ↑ Campbell, Mary (1 July 1996). "Restored 'Hard Day's Night,' 'Help!' part of AMC festival". South Coast Today. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 4 April 2008.
  51. ↑ "A Hard Day's Night". The Beatles Bible. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  52. 1 2 3 Morton, Ray (2011). A Hard Day's Night. Milwaukee WI: Limelight Editions. ISBN 978-0-87910-388-0.
  53. ↑ "200 Things You Didn't Know About The Beatles", Q, 1 (279): 58–63, 2009
  54. ↑ "A Hard Day's Night". The Beatles. Apple Corps. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  55. ↑ "A Hard Day's Night (aka "Beatles No. 1" )". dvdbeaver.com. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  56. ↑ Harry 1994, p. 322.
  57. ↑ Winn, John C. (2008). Way Beyond Compare: The Beatles' Recorded Legacy, Volume One, 1957–1965. New York: Three Rivers Press. p. 166.
  58. ↑ Russell, Deborah (21 January 1995). "PBS Special Examines Beatles' Film". Billboard. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  59. ↑ NBC animation created for Beatles Movie. YouTube. Billy Ingram. 20 September 2008.
  60. ↑ 2007skaterpunk (2007-01-29), NBC Promo Montage, retrieved 2018-06-05 via YouTube (intro to A Hard Day's Night begins at 3:13)
  61. ↑ Harry, Bill (1985). Beatlemania, the history of The Beatles on film: An illustrated filmography. New York: Avon (Harper-Collins). ISBN 978-0-380-89557-1.
  62. ↑ "Beatles Laserdiscs". Archived from the original on 22 April 2008. Retrieved 4 April 2008.
  63. ↑ "Hard Days Night (Audio CD)". Archived from the original on 8 April 2008. Retrieved 4 April 2008.
  64. 1 2 "A Hard Day's Night (DVD)". Archived from the original on 21 December 2007. Retrieved 4 April 2008.
  65. ↑ "A Hard Day's Night (1964) – The Criterion Collection". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  66. ↑ "FILM REVIEW A Hard Day's Night – Metrodome/Second Sight Films – In cinemas 4th July". Stafford FM. Archived from the original on 13 September 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  67. ↑ "Umbrella Entertainment – HARD DAY'S NIGHT, A (BLU RAY)". Umbrella Entertainment. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  68. ↑ "A Hard Day's Night UK Blu-ray Release Detailed". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  69. ↑ "The Rock Box Blu-ray". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
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