AIM2

AIM2
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	3RN2, 3RN5, 3VD8, 4O7Q
Identifiers
Aliases	AIM2, PYHIN4, absent in melanoma 2
External IDs	MGI: 2686159 HomoloGene: 83226 GeneCards: AIM2
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)[1]
End	159,147,096 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (mouse)[2]
End	173,466,040 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• DNA binding; • protein binding; • identical protein binding; • double-stranded DNA binding;
Cellular component	• cytoplasm; • AIM2 inflammasome complex; • cell nucleus; • nucleoplasm; • mitochondrion; • cytosol;
Biological process	• positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity; • pyroptosis; • cellular response to interferon-beta; • immune system process; • tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway; • cellular response to drug; • interleukin-1 beta secretion; • positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; • positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion; • immune response; • positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production; • positive regulation of protein oligomerization; • activation of innate immune response; • inflammatory response; • negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; • positive regulation of defense response to virus by host; • apoptotic process; • innate immune response;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	9447
	383619
	ENSG00000163568
	ENSMUSG00000037860
	O14862
	Q91VJ1
	NM_004833; NM_001348247
	NM_001013779
	NP_004824; NP_001335176
	NP_001013801
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Interferon-inducible protein AIM2 also known as absent in melanoma 2 or simply AIM2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AIM2 gene.^[5]^[6] Recent research has shown that AIM2 is part of the inflammasome and contributes to the defence against bacterial and viral DNA.^[7]

Structure

AIM2 is a 343 amino acid protein with a N-terminal DAPIN (or pyrin) domain (amino acids 1-87) and a C-terminal HIN-200 domain (amino acids 138-337), which is known to have two oligonucleotide-binding folds.^[8]

Function

AIM2 is a member of the Ifi202/IFI16 family. It plays a putative role in tumorigenic reversion and may control cell proliferation. Interferon-gamma induces expression of AIM2.^[6]

Though there has been virtually no biochemistry performed, a model based on cell-based or in vivo experiments has led to the current model of how AIM2 triggers the inflammasome. The C-terminal HIN domain binds double stranded DNA (either viral, bacterial, or even host) and acts as a cytosolic dsDNA sensor. This leads to the oligomerization of the inflammasome complex. The N-terminal pyrin domain of AIM2 interacts with the pyrin domain of another protein ASC (or Apoptosis-associated Speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain). ASC also contains a CARD domain (caspase activation and recruitment domain), that recruits procaspase-1 to the complex. This leads to the autoactivation of caspase-1, an enzyme that processes proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1b and IL-18).^[7] AIM2 inflammasome is activated by pharmacological disruption of nuclear envelope integrity.^[9]

Clinical relevance

Elevated levels of AIM2 expression are found in skin cells from people with psoriasis.^[10]

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163568 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000037860 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
↑ DeYoung KL, Ray ME, Su YA, Anzick SL, Johnstone RW, Trapani JA, Meltzer PS, Trent JM (Aug 1997). "Cloning a novel member of the human interferon-inducible gene family associated with control of tumorigenicity in a model of human melanoma". Oncogene. 15 (4): 453–7. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201206. PMID 9242382.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: AIM2 absent in melanoma 2".
1 2 Schroder K, Tschopp J (March 2010). "The inflammasomes". Cell. 140 (6): 821–32. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.040. PMID 20303873.
↑ Fernandes-Alnemri T, Yu JW, Datta P, Wu J, Alnemri ES (March 2009). "AIM2 activates the inflammasome and cell death in response to cytoplasmic DNA". Nature. 458 (7237): 509–13. doi:10.1038/nature07710. PMC 2862225. PMID 19158676.
↑ Di Micco, A; Frera, G; Lugrin, J; Jamilloux, Y; Hsu, ET; Tardivel, A; De Gassart, A; Zaffalon, L; Bujisic, B; Siegert, S; Quadroni, M; Broz, P; Henry, T; Hrycyna, CA; Martinon, F (9 August 2016). "AIM2 inflammasome is activated by pharmacological disruption of nuclear envelope integrity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 113 (32): E4671–80. doi:10.1073/pnas.1602419113. PMC 4987819. PMID 27462105.
↑ Dombrowski Y, Peric M, Koglin S, Kammerbauer C, Göss C, Anz D, Simanski M, Gläser R, Harder J, Hornung V, Gallo RL, Ruzicka T, Besch R, Schauber J (May 11, 2011). "Cytosolic DNA triggers inflammasome activation in keratinocytes in psoriatic lesions". Sci Transl Med. 3 (82): 82ra38. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3002001. PMC 3235683. PMID 21562230.

External links

Human AIM2 genome location and AIM2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

Landolfo S, Gariglio M, Gribaudo G, Lembo D (1999). "The Ifi 200 genes: an emerging family of IFN-inducible genes". Biochimie. 80 (8–9): 721–8. doi:10.1016/S0300-9084(99)80025-X. PMID 9865494.
Woerner SM, Kloor M, Schwitalle Y, Youmans H, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Gebert J, Dihlmann S (2007). "The putative tumor suppressor AIM2 is frequently affected by different genetic alterations in microsatellite unstable colon cancers". Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 46 (12): 1080–9. doi:10.1002/gcc.20493. PMID 17726700.
Chen IF, Ou-Yang F, Hung JY, Liu JC, Wang H, Wang SC, Hou MF, Hortobagyi GN, Hung MC (2006). "AIM2 suppresses human breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and mammary tumor growth in a mouse model". Mol. Cancer Ther. 5 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-05-0310. PMID 16432157.
Cresswell KS, Clarke CJ, Jackson JT, Darcy PK, Trapani JA, Johnstone RW (2005). "Biochemical and growth regulatory activities of the HIN-200 family member and putative tumor suppressor protein, AIM2". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 326 (2): 417–24. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.11.048. PMID 15582594.
Liu G, Yu JS, Zeng G, Yin D, Xie D, Black KL, Ying H (2004). "AIM-2: a novel tumor antigen is expressed and presented by human glioma cells". J. Immunother. 27 (3): 220–6. doi:10.1097/00002371-200405000-00006. PMID 15076139.
Choubey D, Walter S, Geng Y, Xin H (2000). "Cytoplasmic localization of the interferon-inducible protein that is encoded by the AIM2 (absent in melanoma) gene from the 200-gene family". FEBS Lett. 474 (1): 38–42. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01571-4. PMID 10828447.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163568 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000037860 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:".

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:".

[pmid9242382-5] DeYoung KL, Ray ME, Su YA, Anzick SL, Johnstone RW, Trapani JA, Meltzer PS, Trent JM (Aug 1997). "Cloning a novel member of the human interferon-inducible gene family associated with control of tumorigenicity in a model of human melanoma". Oncogene. 15 (4): 453–7. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201206. PMID 9242382.

[entrez-6] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: AIM2 absent in melanoma 2".

[pmid20303873-7] 1 2 Schroder K, Tschopp J (March 2010). "The inflammasomes". Cell. 140 (6): 821–32. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.040. PMID 20303873.

[pmid19158676-8] Fernandes-Alnemri T, Yu JW, Datta P, Wu J, Alnemri ES (March 2009). "AIM2 activates the inflammasome and cell death in response to cytoplasmic DNA". Nature. 458 (7237): 509–13. doi:10.1038/nature07710. PMC 2862225. PMID 19158676.

[9] Di Micco, A; Frera, G; Lugrin, J; Jamilloux, Y; Hsu, ET; Tardivel, A; De Gassart, A; Zaffalon, L; Bujisic, B; Siegert, S; Quadroni, M; Broz, P; Henry, T; Hrycyna, CA; Martinon, F (9 August 2016). "AIM2 inflammasome is activated by pharmacological disruption of nuclear envelope integrity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 113 (32): E4671–80. doi:10.1073/pnas.1602419113. PMC 4987819. PMID 27462105.

[pmid21562230-10] Dombrowski Y, Peric M, Koglin S, Kammerbauer C, Göss C, Anz D, Simanski M, Gläser R, Harder J, Hornung V, Gallo RL, Ruzicka T, Besch R, Schauber J (May 11, 2011). "Cytosolic DNA triggers inflammasome activation in keratinocytes in psoriatic lesions". Sci Transl Med. 3 (82): 82ra38. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3002001. PMC 3235683. PMID 21562230.