4Q120

4Q120, fragment 20, 1st-century BCE, showing portions of verses 26 through 28 of Leviticus 4
Detail: the Divine Name in verse 27

The manuscript 4Q120 (also pap4QLXXLevb) is a Septuagint manuscript (LXX) of the biblical Book of Leviticus. The Rahlfs-No. is 802. Palaoegraphycally is dating from the first century BCE. Currently the manuscript is housed in the Rockefeller Museum in Jerusalem.

This scroll is in a very fragmented condition. Today it consists of 97 fragments. However, only 31 of those fragments can be reasonably reconstructed and deciphered, allowing for a reading of Leviticus 1.11 through 5.25; the remaining fragments are too small to allow for reliable identification. In addition to smaller text-critical variants, the manuscript displays the divine name in Greek characters, as ΙΑΩ (the trigrammaton) in Leviticus 3:12 (frg. 6) and 4:27 (frg. 20), instead of later practice of replacing it with κύριος ("Lord"). It is transliterated as IAO. Skehan suggest that such a Greek reading is more original than Kurios.[1] Emmanuel Tov claims the use of Greek trigrammaton as proof that the "papyrus represents an early version of the greek scripture..." antedating the text of the main manuscripts of Septuagint LXX.[2] The Codex Marchalianus is the only other extant manuscript of the Septaugint that uses ΙΑΩ to transcribe the tetragrammaton.[3] Scriptio continua is used throughout.

Additionally, space bands are occasionally used for the separation of concepts, and divisions within the text. A special sign (⌐) for separation of paragraphs is found fragment 27, between the lines 6 and 7. While the later divisions would label these verses 5:20-26, it appears to testify to a classical transition from chapter 5 to 6. Skehan dated 4Q120 to "late first century BCE or opening years of the first century CE".[4]

References

  1. ↑ Skehan, Patrick W. (1957). The Qumran Manuscripts and Textual Criticism,: Volume du congrès, Strasbourg 1956. Supplements to Vetus Testamentum 4. Leiden: Brill Publishers. pp. 148–160.
  2. ↑ Sabine Bieberstein; Kornélia Buday; Ursula Rapp (2006). Brücken Bauen in Einem Vielgestaltigen Europa. volume 14 de Jahrbuch der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Theologische Forschung von Frauen: European Society of Women in Theological Research, Jahrbuch der Europäischen Gesellschaft für die Theologische Forschung von Frauen, European Society of Women in Theological Research, Journal of the European Society of Women in Theological Research. Peeters Publishers. p. 60. ISBN 9042918950.
  3. ↑ David Edward Aune (2006). Apocalypticism, Prophecy and Magic in Early Christianity: Collected Essays. Mohr Siebeck. p. 363. ISBN 3-16-149020-7.
  4. ↑ Patrick W. Skehan. The Divine Name at Qumran in the Masada Scroll and in the Septuagint (PDF). The Catholic University of America. p. 28.

Bibliography

  • Skehan, Patrick W. (1957). The Qumran Manuscripts and Textual Criticism,: Volume du congrès, Strasbourg 1956. Supplements to Vetus Testamentum 4. Leiden: Brill Publishers. pp. 148–160.
  • Ulrich, Eugene (1992). 120. pap4QLXXLeviticusb in: Discoveries in the Judean Desert: IX. Qumran Cave 4. IV. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 167–186, . ISBN 0-19-826328-7.
  • Ulrich, Eugene (1992). by George J. Brooke and Barnabas Lindars. SBL Septuagint and Cognate Studies Series 33, eds. The Septuagint Manuscripts from Qumran: A Reappraisal of Their Value, in: Septuagint, Scrolls, and Cognate Writings. Atlanta: Scholars Press. pp. 49–80.


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