410s BC
This decade witnessed the continuing decline of the Achaemenid Empire, fierce warfare amongst the Greek city-states during the Peloponnesian War, the ongoing Warring States period in Zhou dynasty China, and the closing years of the Olmec civilization (lasting from c. 1200–400 BC) in modern-day Mexico.
| Millennium: | 1st millennium BC |
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Events
419 BC
By place
Greece
- Despite the Peace of Nicias still being in effect, Sparta's King Agis II gathers a strong army at Philus and descends upon Argos by marching at night from the north. His allied Boeotian forces fail him, but he is able to conclude a treaty with Argos.
By topic
Drama
- Euripides' play Andromache is performed.
- Sophocles' play Electra is performed. The play takes its theme from The Libation Bearers by Aeschylus.
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Significant people
- Euphemus of Athens, Archon of Athens. In office 417-416 BC
- Euripides of Athens, playwright
- Socrates of Athens, philosopher
- Sophocles of Athens, playwright
- Thucydides of Athens, historian and author of the History of the Peloponnesian War
- Hannibal Mago, King of Carthage, r. 440–406 BC
- Weilieh, Zhou dynasty king of China, r. 425–402 BC
- Tharrhypas, King of Epirus, r. 430–390 BC
- Perdiccas II, King of Macedon, r. 454–413 BC
- Archelaus I, King of Macedon, r. 413–399 BC
- Mahapadma Nanda, King (and founder) of the Nanda Dynasty in Magadha (in Ancient India), r. c. 420–362 BC
- Kosho, legendary Emperor of Japan, r. 475–393 BC
- Amanineteyerike, King of Kush r. 431–405 BC
- Darius II, King of the Achaemenid Persian Empire r. 423–404 BC
- Amyrtaeus of Egypt, Anti-Achaemenid rebel and future Pharaoh of Egypt
- Joiada of Judah, High-Priest of Israel, held position 433–410 BC
- Johanan of Judah, High-priest of Israel, held position 410–371 BC
- Malachi of Judah, prophet (according to Bible)
- Tissaphernes of Persia, Satrap of Lydia and Caria
- Abdemon, King of Salamis, r. 420–410 BC
- Evagoras, King of Salamis, r. 410–374 BC
- Pleistoanax (Agaid king r. 458–401 BC) and Agis II (Eurypontid king r. 427–400 BC), co-kings of Sparta.
- Seuthes I, King of Thrace, r. 424–410 BC
- Amadocus I, King of Thrace, r. 410–390 BC
Contemporaries of future importance
- Artaxerxes of Persia, Achaemenid prince and future King of Persia
- Cyrus the Younger of Persia, Achaemenid prince and satrap
- Plato of Athens, student of Socrates and future philosopher
- Xenophon of Athens, soldier and future writer of Anabasis
Births
- 418 BC
- Epaminondas of Thebes, Theban general and statesman (d. 362 BC)
- Iphicrates, Athenian general (approximate date) (d. c. 353 BC)
- 417 BC – Theaetetus of Athens, Mathematician
- 412 BC – Diogenes of Sinope, philosopher
- 411 BC – Timoleon, Greek statesman and general (approximate date) (d. 337 BC)
Deaths
- 418 BC – Laches, Athenian aristocrat and general (b. c. 475 BC)
- 415 BC – Prodicus of Ceos, Philosopher
- 414 BC
- 413 BC
- Demosthenes, Athenian general
- Nicias, Athenian soldier and statesman (b. 470 BC)
- Perdiccas II, Macedonian king
- Nehemiah, prominent Jewish leader and governor of Judea (then part of the Achaemenid empire)
- 411 BC
- Antiphon, Athenian politician and orator (b. 480 BC)
- Phrynicus, Athenian general (assassinated)
- Eupolis of Athens, poet
- Hyperbolus of Athens, orator and statesman
- 410 BC
- Hippocrates of Chios, mathematician and astronomer
- Mindarus of Sparta, admiral
- Seuthes I, king of Thrace