391 Ingeborg

391 Ingeborg
Discovery [1]
Discovered by M. F. Wolf
Discovery site Heidelberg Obs.
Discovery date 1 November 1894
Designations
MPC designation (391) Ingeborg
Named after
 unknown [2]
1894 BE · 1934 AJ
Mars-crosser [1][3][4]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 122.86 yr (44,875 days)
Aphelion 3.0285 AU
Perihelion 1.6120 AU
2.3203 AU
Eccentricity 0.3052
3.53 yr (1,291 days)
292.16°
0° 16m 44.04s / day
Inclination 23.202°
212.88°
147.06°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions 15.75±3.05 km[5]
17.33±1.73 km[6]
18.15±0.19 km[7]
19.63 km (calculated)[4]
16 h[8]
26.39±0.02 h[9]
26.391±0.006 h[10]
26.4145±0.0005 h[11]
26.4146±0.0005 h[12]
26.4149±0.0001 h[13]
0.20 (assumed)[4]
0.282±0.056[6]
0.290±0.110[5]
0.34±0.16[5]
0.495±0.013[7]
Tholen = S [1]
SMASS = S [1][4]
10.10[7] · 10.21±0.81[14] · 10.80[1][5][6] · 10.9[4] · 10.9±0.2[15][8]

    391 Ingeborg, provisional designation 1894 BE, is an asteroid and second-largest Mars-crosser on an eccentric orbit from the asteroid belt, approximately 18 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer Max Wolf on 1 November 1894, at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. When discovered, the asteroid was observed for a couple of weeks, and follow-up observations were made in 1901 and 1904.[2][3]

    Orbit and classification

    Ingeborg orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.6–3.0 AU once every 3 years and 6 months (1,291 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.31 and an inclination of 23° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]

    Physical characteristics

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Ingeborg measures between 15.75 and 18.15 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.282 and 0.495.[5][6][7] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 19.63 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.9.[4] Other large Mars crossing minor planets include 132 Aethra (43 km), 323 Brucia (36 km), and 2204 Lyyli (25 km).

    Naming

    Any reference of this minor planet's name to a person or occurrence is unknown.[2]

    Unknown meaning

    Among the many thousands of named minor planets, Ingeborg is one of 120 asteroids, for which no official naming citation has been published. All of these low-numbered asteroids have numbers between 164 Eva and 1514 Ricouxa and were discovered between 1876 and the 1930s, predominantly by astronomers Auguste Charlois, Johann Palisa, Max Wolf and Karl Reinmuth (also see category).[16]

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 391 Ingeborg (1894 BE)" (2017-09-30 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
    2. 1 2 3 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (391) Ingeborg. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 47. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
    3. 1 2 "391 Ingeborg (1894 BE)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
    4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "LCDB Data for (391) Ingeborg". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 2 November 2017.
    5. 1 2 3 4 5 Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
    6. 1 2 3 4 Alí-Lagoa, V.; Delbo', M. (July 2017). "Sizes and albedos of Mars-crossing asteroids from WISE/NEOWISE data". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 603: 8. arXiv:1705.10263. Bibcode:2017A&A...603A..55A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629917. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
    7. 1 2 3 4 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
    8. 1 2 Wisniewski, W. Z.; Michalowski, T. M.; Harris, A. W.; McMillan, R. S. (March 1995). "Photoelectric Observations of 125 Asteroids". Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Bibcode:1995LPI....26.1511W. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
    9. ↑ Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (391) Ingeborg". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
    10. ↑ Koff, R. A.; Brincat, S. M.; Stephens, R. D.; Pravec, P. (September 2001). "Lightcurve Photometry of Asteroid 391 Ingeborg". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 28: 46–48. Bibcode:2001MPBu...28...46K. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
    11. ↑ Hanus, J.; Broz, M.; Durech, J.; Warner, B. D.; Brinsfield, J.; Durkee, R.; et al. (November 2013). "An anisotropic distribution of spin vectors in asteroid families". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 559: 19. arXiv:1309.4296. Bibcode:2013A&A...559A.134H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321993. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
    12. ↑ Hanus, J.; Durech, J.; Oszkiewicz, D. A.; Behrend, R.; Carry, B.; Delbo, M.; et al. (February 2016). "New and updated convex shape models of asteroids based on optical data from a large collaboration network" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 586: 24. arXiv:1510.07422. Bibcode:2016A&A...586A.108H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527441. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
    13. ↑ Durech, J.; Hanus, J.; Oszkiewicz, D.; Vanco, R. (March 2016). "Asteroid models from the Lowell photometric database". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 587: 6. arXiv:1601.02909. Bibcode:2016A&A...587A..48D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527573. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
    14. ↑ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
    15. ↑ Pravec, Petr; Harris, Alan W.; Kusnirák, Peter; Galád, Adrián; Hornoch, Kamil (September 2012). "Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations". Icarus. 221 (1): 365–387. Bibcode:2012Icar..221..365P. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
    16. ↑ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "Appendix 11 – Minor Planet Names with Unknown Meaning". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Fifth Revised and Enlarged revision. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 927–929. ISBN 3-540-00238-3.
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