372nd Infantry Regiment (United States)
| 372nd Infantry Regiment | |
|---|---|
| Active |
|
| Country | USA |
| Branch | Army |
| Type | Infantry |
| Motto(s) | Fidelis et Paratus (Faithful and Ready)[1] |
| Engagements |
World War I *Champagne–Marne *Meuse–Argonne |
| Decorations | French Croix de Guerre |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | Col. Herschel Tupes, author 1906 Manual of Bayonet Training |
U.S. Infantry Regiments | |
|---|---|
| Previous | Next |
| 371st Infantry Regiment | |
The 372nd Infantry Regiment was a segregated African American regiment, nominally a part of the 93rd Division, that served in World War I under French Army command, and also in World War II.[2] In World War II the regiment was not attached to a division, and served in the continental United States (CONUS) and Hawaii.[1] In both wars the unit had primarily African American enlisted men and white officers.
World War I
Lineage
The 372nd Infantry Regiment was composed of the following National Guard units and draftees:[2]
- First Separate Battalion of the District of Columbia, originally organized by Charles Remond Douglass circa 1880[3]
- 9th Separate Battalion of Ohio
- First Separate Company of Maryland
- Separate Company G of Tennessee
- Company L, Sixth Infantry of Massachusetts
- First Separate Company of Connecticut
- 250 drafted men from Camp Custer, Michigan, recruited mainly from Michigan and Wisconsin.
History
The 372nd Infantry Regiment was organized in January 1918 at Camp Stewart, Virginia and initially assigned to the 93rd Division (Provisional).
Moved to France in March 1918. The 93rd Division was never fully organized, and the 372nd Infantry was seconded, along with the 371st Infantry Regiment, to the 157th Infantry Division of the French Army, called the "Red Hand Division".[4] Under the command of General Mariano Goybet, the division was in need of reinforcements. During the fighting on the Western Front in the Champagne region, this division was in the French IX Corps of the French 4th Army. After fighting in the Champagne–Marne region (28 September-7 October 1918)[5] and the Meuse–Argonne offensive, the regiment moved to the Vosges Mountains area of the front. The regiment returned to the United States in February 1919, and was demobilized 28 February 1919 at Camp Jackson, South Carolina.[2]
A monument to the 372nd Infantry Regiment was erected after the war south of Monthois to commemorate the unit's fighting in the Champagne region, in which the regiment took 579 casualties (total killed, wounded, prisoners, and missing).[6]
"Over the Top"
Emmet J. Scott's Official History of the American Negro in the World War provides a chronological record of when the men were fighting with gallantry in the Champagne region of France for victory:[4]
"Over the Top September 28, 1918, the 3rd Battalion started after the Boche. The first blow being delivered by the 2nd Moroccan Division of shock troops. The retreating Boches are still bombarding our position. Machine gun fire is thick and the 88s are falling like hail.
"On the morning of September 29, 1918, we are trying hard to keep up with the retreating enemy, which is retreating fast, unable to stand our assault. This afternoon it is raining which is unfortunate for our wounded, as there are many.
"Today is September 30, 1918, and we find that the 1st Battalion is on our right, and advancing fast in the rain and mud. Machine gun opposition is still stiff. Our casualties are small and we have captured a large number of prisoners.
"October 1, 1918, we are meeting with a stiff resistance from the enemy who has fortified himself in a hill during the past night. Owing to the bad condition of the ground we are not getting any support from the French artillery.
"October 2, 1918, we have driven the enemy out of Fontaine-en-Dormois and are now in the village. Still we are giving the enemy no rest, they are retreating across the valley to one of their supply bases which has a railroad running into the same. The enemy is now burning the supplies which cannot be moved.
"October 3, 1918, we have advanced and captured the little village of Ardeuil and a considerable amount of war material. Our losses have been rather heavy during the past 24 hours, but we have inflicted a much heavier loss on the enemy. On our right the 1st Battalion has taken the village of Séchault after some hard fighting by Company A.
"October 4, 1918, the 2nd Battalion is going in this morning, and we are resting at Vieox, which is about four kilometers from Monthois and is one of the enemy's railroad centers and hospital bases. The enemy is busy destroying supplies and moving wounded. We can see trains moving out of Monthois. Our artillery is bombarding all roads and railroads in the vicinity. The enemies' fire is fierce and we are expecting a counter-attack.
"October 5, 1918, the German artillery has opened up good and strong and we are on the alert. They attacked us and a stiff hand-to-hand combat ensued. Again he has been driven back, suffering an exceedingly heavy loss. We have taken many prisoners from about twelve different regiments. After resting a little, we continued our advance and are now on the outskirts of Monthois.
"October 6, 1918, the enemy is throwing a stiff barrage on our left where the 333rd French Infantry is attacking. The enemy is again being driven back. The liaison work of the 157th Division has been wonderful, not the slightest gap has been left open.
"October 7, 1918, our patrols entered Monthois early in the morning but were driven out by machine gun fire, but returned with the gun and its crew. We have just received word that we are to be relieved by the 76th Regiment, French, sometime during the night; we were relieved at 8:00 P. M. We hiked a very long distance over the ground. We fought so hard to take Minecourt where the regiment proceeded to reorganize.
"Regiment reached Somme-Bionne Oct. 9, 1918. Regiment left Somme-Bionne Oct. 11, 1918 to entrain for Vignemont. Left Valmy 8:00 A. M. Oct. 12, 1918 and arrived at Vignemont Oct. 13, 1918. Hiked 15 kilometers to St. Leonard and arrived Sd. Left St. Leonard for Ban-de-Laveline in the Dept. of the Vosges Oct. 15, 1918, arrived at Laveline 10:15 P. M. Sd.
"November 7, 1918, 1 officer and 22 enlisted men captured by German patrol. Nov. 10, 1918, a patrol of Co. A, took several prisoners from a German patrol.
Citation for the men of 157th Division
On arrival in France, as this unit was transferred into the French command, its decorations are French rather than American. This unit was extremely well decorated, receiving both unit and numerous individual citations including the Croix de Guerre and Légion d'Honneur.
The following order was issued to the 157th Division following the campaign in the Champagne region:[4]
P. C. October 8, 1918.
"157th Division.
"Staff.
General Order No. 234
"In transmitting to you with legitimate pride the thanks and congratulations of the General Garnier-Duplessis, allow me, my dear friends of all ranks, Americans and French, to thank you from the bottom of my heart as a chief and a soldier for the expression of gratitude for the glory which you have lent our good 157th Division. I had full confidence in you but you have surpassed my hopes.
"During these nine days of hard fighting you have progressed nine kilometers through powerful organized defenses, taken nearly 600 prisoners, 15 guns of different calibres, 20 minenwerfers, and nearly 150 machine guns, secured an enormous amount of engineering material, an important supply of artillery ammunition, brought down by your fire three enemy aeroplanes.
"THE RED HAND", sign of the Division, thanks to you, became a bloody hand which took the Boche by the throat and made him cry for mercy. You have well avenged our glorious dead.
Signed General Goybet
World War II
On 10 March 1941 the 372nd Infantry was inducted into service from various National Guard units as follows: Headquarters in Washington, DC and Ohio, 1st Battalion from New Jersey,[7] 2nd Battalion at Columbus, Ohio, 3rd Battalion at Boston, Massachusetts, and service company from Maryland.
The unit moved to Fort Dix, New Jersey 17 March 1941; following the attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 the regiment moved to New York City 17 December 1941, assigned to the Eastern Defense Command 1 May 1942 for security and other duties in Greater New York. On 21 January 1944 assigned to the 2nd Service Command, transferred to Camp Breckinridge, Kentucky under XXII Corps 20 April 1944. Moved to Fort Huachuca, Arizona 11 November 1944 under Fourth Army.
Prepared for overseas movement; staged at Fort Lawton, Washington state 24 April 1945 and departed Seattle Port of Embarkation 29 April 1945. Arrived in Hawaii 9 May 1945 and assigned to the Central Pacific Base Command on 15 May 1945, relieving the 98th Infantry Division so that division could prepare to invade Japan; inactivated in Hawaii 31 January 1946.
On 13 August 1945, at the end of hostilities, the unit was deployed as follows: Schofield Barracks, Hawaii, less 2nd Battalion at Hilo, Co. D at Bellows Field, Co. F on Kauai, Co. G on Maui, Co. H on Molokai, Co. I at Aiea, and Co. K at Fort Shafter.[1]
Campaign streamers
World War II
- Pacific Theater without inscription[1]
Notable members
- Urbane F. Bass, African American medical officer, killed in action 6 October 1918, Distinguished Service Cross recipient.[8]
See also
372nd U.S. Infantry regiment on French Wikipedia (in French)
References
- 1 2 3 4 Stanton, p. 254
- 1 2 3 Rinaldi, p. 98
- ↑ "Men of the Month". The Crisis: 215. March 1921.
- 1 2 3 Emmett J. Scott (1919). Scott's Official History of the American Negro in the World War: Chapter XVII The Record of the 372nd. Homewood Press.
- ↑ American Armies, p. 369
- ↑ American Armies, pp. 336, 361, 369
- ↑ 1st Battalion/372nd Infantry NJNG
- ↑ Buckley, Joann H.; Fisher, W. Douglas (2016). African American Doctors of World War I: The Lives of 104 Volunteers. Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc. pp. 29–30. ISBN 9781476663159.
- American Battle Monuments Commission (1938). American Armies and Battlefields in Europe. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-9720296-4-8.
- Rinaldi, Richard A. (2004). The U. S. Army in World War I: Orders of Battle. General Data LLC. ISBN 0-9720296-4-8.
- Stanton, Shelby L. (1991). World War II Order of Battle. Galahad Books. ISBN 0-88365-775-9.
Further reading
- Roberts, Frank E. (2004). The American Foreign Legion: Black Soldiers of the 93rd in World War I. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1591147343.