2nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment

2nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment
Active 1821
Country United States
Branch Army
Type Air defense artillery
Motto(s) Fidus Ultra Finem (Faithful Beyond the End)
Engagements War of 1812
Indian Wars
Mexican War
U.S. Civil War
World War II
Vietnam War
Southwest Asia
Commanders
Notable
commanders		 Brevet Lt Col. John Trout Greble
Insignia
Distinctive unit insignia

The 2nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment is an air defense artillery regiment of the United States Army first formed in 1821 as a field artillery unit.

Battery A-2 THAAD (Battery A, 2nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment, Terminal High Altitude Area Defense)[1] of the 11th Air Defense Artillery Brigade (United States) successfully intercepted an Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile which was launched near Hawaii on 11 July 2017. The soldiers used the procedures of an actual combat scenario at the Pacific Spaceport on Kodiak Island, Alaska, and were not aware of the IRBM's launch time.[1]

On 19 October 2017, Battery D-2 THAAD (Delta Battery, 2nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment) reflagged from the 11th ADA Brigade to the 35th ADA Brigade prior to the permanent change of station from Fort Bliss to South Korea.[2]

Lineage

Constituted 1 June 1821 in the Regular Army as the 2nd Regiment of Artillery and organized from existing units with headquarters at Baltimore, Maryland.[3][4]

2nd U.S. Artillery took part with distinction in the Mexican War and U.S. Army captain James Duncan received three brevets—major, lieutenant-colonel, and colonel—for his actions in the war.[5][6]

Regiment was broken up on 13 February 1901, and its elements reorganized and redesignated as separate numbered companies and batteries of the Artillery Corps.

Reconstituted 1 July 1924 in the Regular Army as the 2nd Coast Artillery at Fort Sherman in the Harbor Defenses of Cristobal (Batteries E, G, and H concurrently reorganized and redesignated from existing units in the Panama Canal Zone). The regiment was organized by redesignating the 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, and 24th companies of the Coast Artillery Corps (CAC). Batteries B, C, D, E, H, I, K, and L carried the lineage and designations of the corresponding batteries in the old 2nd Artillery.[7][8]

(Battery C activated 30 April 1926 in the Canal Zone; Battery G concurrently inactivated in the Canal Zone. Batteries C, E, and H inactivated 15 April 1932 in the Canal Zone and transferred, less personnel and equipment, to Fort Monroe).[7]

Regimental headquarters and Batteries C, E, and H activated 30 April 1932 at Fort Monroe, Virginia in the Harbor Defenses of the Chesapeake with personnel from inactivated 12th Coast Artillery.[7]

(Battery A activated 1 September 1935 at Fort Monroe, Virginia; Battery H concurrently inactivated at Fort Monroe, Virginia. Batteries B and D activated 1 November 1938 at Fort Monroe, Virginia. Battery F activated 1 February 1940 at Fort Monroe, Virginia. Remainder of 1st and 2d Battalions activated 1 August 1940 at Fort Monroe, Virginia as a Type B harbor defense regiment.[9] Battery G activated 1 March 1941 at Fort Monroe, Virginia. Regiment upgraded to Type A in 1941.[9] Remainder of regiment activated 30 April 1942 at Fort Monroe, Virginia).[7]

Battery K activated at Ft. Moultrie with personnel and equipment of Btry D, 263rd Coast Artillery. Btry H sent to Fort Macon July 1942.[7]

In September, Btry K and one platoon from Btry N assigned to Fort Macon.[7]

In 1942 batteries from 2nd Bn posted at Forts Moultrie, Monroe, & Macon, and at Little Creek Mine Base, VA.[10]

Regiment changed from Type A to Type C 21 April 1942.[7]

Batteries at Temporary Harbor Defenses of Beaufort manned the 5-inch gun battery on Cape Lookout and Fort Macon’s 6-inch guns.[7]

Regiment broken up 1 October 1944 and its elements reorganized and redesignated as follows:

Headquarters and Headquarters Battery and Batteries A, B, C, G, H, and I as the 2d Coast Artillery Battalion[9] (2d Coast Artillery Battalion inactivated 1 April 1945 at Fort Monroe, Virginia; activated 1 August 1946 at Fort Winfield Scott, California; inactivated 25 November 1946 at Fort Winfield Scott, California).
Batteries D, E, and F as elements of the 175th Coast Artillery Battalion[9] (inactivated 20 July 1946 at Fort Monroe, Virginia). Former elements of the 2d Coast Artillery reconstituted and/or consolidated 28 June 1950 to form the following units:
Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, 2d Coast Artillery Battalion, consolidated with Headquarters Battery, 2d Antiaircraft Artillery Group (see ANNEX 1), and consolidated unit designated as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 2d Antiaircraft Artillery Group.
Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 1st Battalion, 2d Coast Artillery, reconstituted in the Regular Army and redesignated as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 2d Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion; concurrently Battery A, Harbor Defenses of Chesapeake Bay (formerly Battery A, 2d Coast Artillery Battalion), Batteries B and C, 2d Coast Artillery Battalion, and Battery F, 2d Harbor Defenses of Chesapeake Bay (formerly Battery A, 175th Coast Artillery Battalion), redesignated as Batteries A, B, C, and D, 2d Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion, respectively.
Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 2d Battalion, 2d Coast Artillery, reconstituted in the Regular Army and redesignated as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 12th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion; concurrently Batteries B, C, D, and E, Harbor Defenses of Chesapeake Bay (formerly Batteries E, F, G, and H, 2d Coast Artillery), redesignated as Batteries A, B, C, and D, 12th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion, respectively; battalion concurrently consolidated with the 136th Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion (see ANNEX 2), and consolidated unit designated as the 12th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion.
Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 3d Battalion, 2d Coast Artillery, reconstituted in the Regular Army; concurrently consolidated with Battery F, 2d Coast Artillery Battalion, Battery E, 175th Coast Artillery Battalion, and the 42nd Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion (active) (see ANNEX 3), and consolidated unit designated as the 42d Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion, an element of the 9th Infantry Division.

After 28 June 1950 the above units underwent changes as follows:

Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 2d Antiaircraft Artillery Group, activated 10 June 1951 at Camp Edwards, Massachusetts.
Reorganized and redesignated 20 March 1958 as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 2d Artillery Group.
Inactivated 15 December 1961 at Lockport Air Force Station, New York.
2d Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion redesignated 27 February 1951 as the 2d Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion and assigned to the 1st Armored Division
Activated 7 March 1951 at Fort Bliss, Texas
Consolidated 20 March 1951 with the 434th Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion (see ANNEX 4), and consolidated unit designated as the 2d Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion
Redesignated 20 May 1953 as the 2d Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion
Inactivated 15 February 1957 at Fort Polk, Louisiana, and relieved from assignment to the 1st Armored Division
12th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion redesignated 13 March 1952 as the 12th Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion
Activated 8 April 1952 at Fort Hancock, New Jersey
Redesignated 15 May 1953 as the 12th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion
Inactivated 20 December 1957 at New York, New York
42d Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion redesignated 25 May 1954 as the 42d Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion
Inactivated 1 December 1957 at Fort Carson, Colorado, and relieved from assignment to the 9th Infantry Division. Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 2d Artillery Group; 2d, 12th, and 42d Antiaircraft Artillery Battalions; and the 2d Field Artillery Battalion (organized in 1907) consolidated, reorganized, and redesignated 15 December 1961 as the 2d Artillery, a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System.

2d Artillery (less former 2d Field Artillery Battalion) reorganized and redesignated 1 September 1971 as the 2d Air Defense Artillery, a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System (former 2d Field Artillery Battalion concurrently reorganized and redesignated as the 2d Field Artillery – hereafter separate lineage) Withdrawn 16 January 1989 from the Combat Arms Regimental System and reorganized under the United States Army Regimental System.

Annex 1

Constituted 5 August 1942 in the Army of the United States as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 2d Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Group. Activated 17 August 1942 at Fort Bliss, Texas. Redesignated 26 May 1943 as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 2d Antiaircraft Artillery Group. Inactivated 26 October 1945 at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey.

Annex 2

Constituted 25 February 1943 in the Army of the United States as the 136th Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion. Activated 15 June 1943 at Camp Edwards, Massachusetts. Inactivated 12 December 1945 at Camp Myles Standish, Massachusetts.

Annex 3

Constituted 25 February 1943 in the Army of the United States as the 795th Coast Artillery Battalion. Activated 20 April 1943 at Camp Stewart, Georgia. Redesignated 30 April 1943 as the 795th Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion. Inactivated 31 December 1945 in Germany. Redesignated 25 June 1948 as the 42d Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion and assigned to the 9th Infantry Division. Activated 12 July 1948 at Fort Dix, New Jersey.

Annex 4

Constituted 31 January 1942 in the Army of the United States as the 434th Coast Artillery Battalion. Activated 1 March 1942 at Camp Hulen, Texas. Redesignated 5 December 1943 as the 434th Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion. Disbanded 14 January 1945 in Italy. Reconstituted 20 March 1951 in the Regular Army.

Campaign participation credit

  • War of 1812: Canada.
  • Indian Wars: Florida, Seminoles.
  • Mexican War: Palo Alto; Resaca de la Palma; Monterey; Vera Cruz; Cerro Gordo; Contreras; Churubusco; Molino del Rey; Chapultepec; Tamaulipas 1846; Puebla 1847.
  • American Civil War: Bull Run; Peninsula; Antietam; Fredericksburg; Chancellorsville; Gettysburg; Wilderness; Spotsylvania; Cold Harbor; Petersburg; Shenandoah; Appomattox; Florida 1861; Florida 1862; Virginia 1861; Virginia 1862; Virginia 1863; Virginia 1865; Maryland 1863.
  • World War II: Tunisia; Naples-Foggia; Anzio; Rome-Arno; Normandy; Northern France; North Apennines; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe; England 1944.
  • Vietnam: Counteroffensive, Phase II; Counteroffensive, Phase III; Tet Counteroffensive; Counteroffensive, Phase IV; Counteroffensive, Phase V; Counteroffensive, Phase VI; Tet 69/Counteroffensive; Summer-Fall 1969; Winter-Spring 1970; Sanctuary Counteroffensive; Counteroffensive, Phase VII.
  • Southwest Asia: Liberation and Defense of Kuwait.[3]

Decorations

  • Army Superior Unit Award for 1990–1991
  • Air Force Outstanding Unit Award for KOREA 1978–1981

Current configuration

Active:

  • 3rd Battalion, 2nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment
  • A Battery, 2nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment
  • B Battery, 2nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment
  • D Battery, 2nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment

Inactive:

  • 1st Battalion, 2nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment[11]
  • 2nd Battalion, 2nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment
  • 4th Battalion, 2nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment
  • 5th Battalion, 2nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment[12]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 A-2 THAAD successfully intercepts missile target Fort Bliss Bugle (20 July 2017) accessdate=2017-07-20
  2. ↑ Capt. Jonathon Daniell (October 20, 2017) THAAD battery reflags to align with 35th ADA Brigade in South Korea
  3. 1 2 "2d Air Defense Artillery". www.history.army.mil. Retrieved 2016-10-21.
  4. ↑ Simpson, Lt. W. A. "Second Regiment of Artillery." In Rodenbough, Brevet Brigadier General Theo. F. and Major William L. Haskin, eds. The Army of the United States: Historical Sketches of Staff and Line with Portraits of Generals-in-Chief. New York: Maynard, Merrilee, & Company, 1896.
  5. ↑ Tucker, Spencer, James R. Arnold, Roberta Wiener, Paul G. Pierpaoli, Thomas W. Cutrer, and Pedro Santoni. The Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War: A Political, Social, and Military History. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO, 2013, p. 187.
  6. ↑ Duncan's Battery (1839-1848)
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Gaines, p. 5
  8. ↑ Berhow, pp. 440-441
  9. 1 2 3 4 Stanton, p. 455
  10. ↑ Little Creek historical website at American Forts Network
  11. ↑ 1st Battalion, 2nd Air Defense Artillery Lineage
  12. ↑ 5th Battalion, 2nd Air Defense Artillery Lineage

 This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Army Center of Military History document "2d Air Defense Artillery Regiment Lineage and Honors".

  • Berhow, Mark A., Ed. (2015). American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide, Third Edition. McLean, Virginia: CDSG Press. ISBN 978-0-9748167-3-9.
  • Gaines, William C., Coast Artillery Organizational History, 1917-1950, Coast Defense Journal, vol. 23, issue 2
  • Stanton, Shelby L. (1991). World War II Order of Battle. Galahad Books. ISBN 0-88365-775-9.
  • Greg Hagg; Bolling Smith; Mark Berhow. "Insignia of the Coast Artillery Corps" (PDF). The Coast Defense Study Group, Inc. Retrieved 18 May 2018.

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