1988 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1988.

Plants

Angiosperms

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Stonebergia^[2]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Wolfe & Wehr	Ypresian	Allenby Formation	Canada	A Rosaceae genus

Arthropods

Insects

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Aneuretellus^[3]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Dlussky	Middle Eocene	Sakhalin amber	Russia	An aneuretine ant
Protopone primigena^[3]^[4]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Dlussky	Middle Eocene	Sakhalin amber	Russia	A ponerine ant	Protopone primigena
Zherichinius^[3]	Gen et 2 sp nov	valid	Dlussky	Middle Eocene	Sakhalin amber	Russia	A dolichoderine ant, two species Z. horiibilis & Z. rapax	Zherichinius horribilis

Archosauromorphs

Newly named non-avian dinosaurs

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.^[5]

The dubious family, Ornitholestidae is named by Gregory Scott Paul.

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Anserimimus^[6]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Barsbold	Late Cretaceous	Nemegt Formation	Mongolia	An ornithomimid theropod	Anserimimus planinychus
Cathetosaurus^[7]^[8]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Jensen	Late Jurassic		USA Colorado	A camarasauromorph sauropod, type species C. lewisi	Cathetosaurus lewisi
"Chassternbergia"^[9]	Subgen Nov	Junior synonym	Bakker	Campanian	Dinosaur Park Formation	Canada Alberta	Jr syn of Edmontonia	Edmontonia rugosidens
Denversaurus^[9]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Bakker	late Maastrichtian	Lance Formation	USA South Dakota	A nodosaurid	Denversaurus schlessmani (on left)
Giraffatitan	Gen et comb nov	Valid	Paul	Late Jurassic	Tendaguru formation	Tanzania	new genus for Brachiosaurus brancai	Giraffatitan brancai
"Hironosaurus"	Gen nov	Nomen nudum	Hisa	Late Cretaceous		Japan Fukushima Prefecture	A possible hadrosaurid, undescribed
"Kagasaurus"	Gen nov	Nomen nudum	Hisa	Early Cretaceous		Japan	A possible dromeosaurid, undescribed
Kotasaurus^[10]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Yadagiri	Early Jurassic	Kota Formation	India	A basal sauropod
Nanotyrannus^[11]	Gen et comb nov	Valid?	Bakker, Williams, & Currie	Late Cretaceous	Lance Formation	USA Montana	Possible junior synonym of Tyrannosaurus.	Nanotyrannus lancensis
Orodromeus^[12]	Gen ex sp nov	Valid	Horner & Weishampel	Campanian	Two Medicine Formation	USA Montana	An ornithopod	Orodromeus makelai
"Protognathus"^[13]	Gen et sp nov	Senior synonym	Zhang	Middle Jurassic	Shaximiao Formation	China	Jr homonym of Protognathus Basilewsky renamed Protognathosaurus by Olshevsky, 1991
"Stenotholus"^[14]	Gen et sp nov	Junior synonym	Giffin, Gabriel, & Johnson	Late Cretaceous	Hell Creek Formation	USA Montana	Junior synonym of Stygimoloch	Stygimoloch spinifer

Newly named birds

Name	Status	Novelty	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Ciconia kahli ^[15]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Philippa J. Haarhoff	Early Pliocene	Varswater Formation	South Africa	A Ciconiidae.
Diomedea rumana ^[16]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Dan Grigorescu Jenö Kessler	Middle Miocene	MN 8	Romania	A Diomedeidae.
Gymnogyps kofordi ^[17]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Steven D. Emslie	Early Pleistocene	Irvingtonian	USA: Florida	A Cathartidae.
Hadrogyps aigialeus ^[18]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Steven D. Emslie	Middle Miocene	Bastovian, Round Mountain Silt	USA: California	A Cathartidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Jungornis tesselatus ^[19]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Aleksandr A. Karkhu	Early Oligocene	Maykop Formation	Soviet Union: Russia	An Apodiformes, Jungornithidae Karkhu, 1988, this is the type species of the new genus.
Lithornis celetius ^[20]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Peter W. Houde	Late Paleocene	Early Tiffanian, Fort Union Formation	USA: Montana	A Palaeognathae Pycraft, 1900, Lithornithiformes Houde, 1988, Lithornithidae Houde, 1988, this is the type species of the new genus.
Lithornis plebius ^[20]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Peter W. Houde	Early Eocene	Middle Clarkforkian, Willwood Formation	USA: Wyoming	A Palaeognathae Pycraft, 1900, Lithornithiformes Houde, 1988, Lithornithidae Houde, 1988, this is the type species of the new genus.
Lithornis promiscuus ^[20]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Peter W. Houde	Early Eocene	Middle Clarkforkian, Willwood Formation	USA: Wyoming	A Palaeognathae Pycraft, 1900, Lithornithiformes Houde, 1988, Lithornithidae Houde, 1988, this is the type species of the new genus.
Messelornis cristata ^[21]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Angelika Hesse	Middle Miocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany: Hessen	A Ralliformes, Messelornithidae Hesse, 1988, this is the type species of the new genus.
Morus olsoni ^[16]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Dan Grigorescu Jenö Kessler	Middle Miocene	MN 8	Romania	A Sulidae.
Pachyplichas yaldwyni ^[22]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Philip R. Millener	Late Quaternary	Probably Otiran Glacial Stage	New Zealand	An Acanthisittidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Pachyplichas jagmi ^[22]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Philip R. Millener	Late Quaternary	North Island	New Zealand	An Acanthisittidae.
Pachyplichas yaldwyni ^[22]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Philip R. Millener	Late Quaternary	Probably Otiran Glacial Stage	New Zealand	An Acanthisittidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Phocavis maritimus ^[23]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	James L. Goedert	Late Eocene	Keasey Formation	USA: Oregon	A Pelecaniformes, Plotopteridae Howard, 1969, this is the type species of the new genus.
Porphyrio paepae ^[24]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	David W. Steadman	Holocene	Marquesas Islands, Tahuata and Hiva Oa	French Polynesia: Marquesas Islands	A Rallidae.
Primocolius minor ^[25]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Cécile Mourer-Chauviré	Late Eocene	Phosphorites du Quercy, MP 16-28	France	A Coliidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Primocolius sigei ^[25]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Cécile Mourer-Chauviré	Late Eocene	Phosphorites du Quercy, MP 16-28	France	A Coliidae.
Pseudocrypturus cercanaxius ^[20]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Peter W. Houde	Early Eocene	Late Wasatchian, Green River Formation; London Clay A, MP 8	USA: Wyoming; UK: England	A Palaeognathae Pycraft, 1900, Lithornithiformes Houde, 1988, Lithornithidae Houde, 1988, this is the type species of the new genus.
Psilopterus colzecus ^[26]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Eduardo P. Tonni Claudia P. Tambussi	Late Miocene	Chasicoan, Arroyo Chasicó Formation	Argentina	A Gruiformes, Phorusrhacidae Ameghino, 1889, Psilopterinae Dolgopol de Saez, 1927.
Sula tasmani ^[27]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Gerard F. van Tets Charles W. Meredith Peter J. Fullagar Peter M. Davidson	Holocene	Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island	Australia: New South Wales	A Sulidae, now seen as a subspecies of Sula dactylatra Lesson, 1831, Sula dactylatra fullagari O’Brien et Davies, 1991 is its junior synonym, so tasmani is the correct name.
Sylphornis bretouensis ^[25]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Cécile Mourer-Chauviré	Late Eocene	MP 16	France	A basal Piciformes, Sylphornithidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1988, this is the type species of the new genus.
Taubacrex granivora ^[28]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Herculano M. F. de Alvarenga	Late Oligocene-Early Miocene	Tremembé Formatie	Brazil	Described as a Rallidae, but transferred to the Quercymegapodiidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1992 by Mourer-Chauviré in 2000 ^[29]
Tshulia litorea ^[30]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Lev A. Nessov	Late Paleocene		Soviet Union: Kazakhstan	Aves Incertae Sedis, perhaps a Rallidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Ventivorus ragei ^[25]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Cécile Mourer-Chauviré	Late Eocene	MP 16	France	A Caprimulgidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Zheroia kurochkini ^[30]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Lev A. Nessov	Late Eocene	Bartonian	Soviet Union: Uzbekistan	A Graculavidae Fürbringer, 1888, A Forma Familia, Charadriiformes Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus.
Zhylgaia aestiflua ^[30]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Lev A. Nessov	Late Paleocene	Zhylga near Tashkent	Soviet Union: Kazakhstan	A Pelecaniformes, Prophaethontidae Harrison et Walker, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus.

Pterosaurs

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Tupuxuara^[31]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Kellner & Campos	Cretaceous	Santana Formation	Brazil	A Thalassodromidae pterosaur	Tupuxuara leonardii

References

↑ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
↑ Wolfe, J.A.; Wehr, W.C. (1988). "Rosaceous Chamaebatiaria-like foliage from the Paleogene of western North America". Aliso. 12 (1): 177–200.
1 2 3 Dlussky, G. M. (1988). "Ants of Sakhalin amber (Paleocene?)" (PDF). Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal (in Russian). 1988 (1): 50–61.
↑ Dlussky, G.M.; Wedmann, S. (2012). "The poneromorph ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae: Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae, Ponerinae) of Grube Messel, Germany: High biodiversity in the Eocene". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 10 (4): 725–753. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.628341. – via Taylor & Francis (subscription required)
↑ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Retrieved 2008-08-07.
↑ Barsbold, R. 1988. A new late Cretaceous ornithomimid of Mongolia [in Russian]. Paleontol. J. 1: pp. 122-125.
↑ Jensen, J.A. 1988. A fourth new sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of the Colorado Plateau and sauropod bipedalism. Great Basin Nat. 48 (2), pp. 121-145.
↑ Mateus, O., & Tschopp E. (2013). Cathetosaurus as a valid sauropod genus and comparisons with Camarasaurus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Program and Abstracts, 2013. 173.
1 2 Bakker, R. T. 1988. Review of the late Cretaceous Nodosaurid Dinosauria, Denversaurus schlessmani, a new armor-plated dinosaur from the Latest Cretaceous of South Dakota, the Last Survivor of the Nodosaurians, with comments on Stegosaur-Nodosaur Relationships. Hunteria 1 (3), pp. 3-23.
↑ Yadagiri, P. 1988. A new sauropod Kotasaurus yamanpalliensis from Lower Jurassic Kota Formation of India. Records of the Geological Survey of India 116 (3-8): pp. 102-127.
↑ Bakker, R.T., M. Williams, and P. Currie. 1988. Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana. Hunteria 1: pp. 1-30.
↑ Horner, J.R. and D.B. Weishampel. 1988. A comparative embryological study of two ornithischian dinosaurs. Nature 332: pp. 256- 257.
↑ Olshevsky, G. 1991. A Revision of the Parainfraclass Archosauria Cope, 1869, Excluding the Advanced Crocodylia. Mesozoic Meanderings 2 (1st printing): iv + 196 pages.
↑ Giffin, E. B., D.L. Gabriel, and R.E. Johnson. 1987. A new pachycephalosaurid skull (Ornithischia) from the Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation of Montana. J. Vert. Palaeontol. 7 (4); pp. 398-407.
↑ Philippa J. Haarhoff (1988). "A New Fossil Stork (Aves, Ciconiidae) from the Late Tertiary of Langebaanweg, South Africa". Annals of the South African Museum. 97: 297–313.
1 2 Dan Grigorescu; Jenö Kessler (1988). "New Contributions to the Knowledge of the Sarmatian Birds from South Dobrogea in the Frame of the Eastern Paratethyan Avifauna". Revue Roumaine de Géologie, Géophysique et Géographie, [Série]: Géologie. 32: 91–97.
↑ Steven D. Emslie (1988). "The Fossil History and Phylogenetic Relationships of Condors (Ciconiiformes: Vulturidae) in the New World". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 8: 212–228. doi:10.1080/02724634.1988.10011699.
↑ Steven D. Emslie (1988). "An Early Condor-like Vulture from North America" (PDF). The Auk. 105 (3): 529–535.
↑ Aleksandr A. Karkhu (1988). "A New Family of Swift-Like Birds from the Paleogene of Europe". Paleontological Journal. 22: 77–88.
1 2 3 4 Peter W. Houde (1988). "Paleognathous Birds from the Early Tertiary of the Northern Hemisphere". Publication of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. 22: 1–148.
↑ Angelika Hesse (1988). "Die †Messelornithidae-Ein Neue Familie der Kranichartigen (Aves: Gruiformes: Rhynocheti) aus dem Tertiär Europas und Nordamerikas". Journal für Ornithologie. 129 (1): 83–95. doi:10.1007/bf01641534.
1 2 3 Philip R. Millener (1988). "Contributions to New Zealand's Late Quaternary Avifauna. I: Pachyplichas, a New Genus of Wren (Aves: Acanthisittidae), with Two New Species". Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 18 (4): 383–406. doi:10.1080/03036758.1988.10426464.
↑ James L. Goedert (1988). "A New Late Eocene Species of Plotopteridae (Aves: Pelecaniformes) from Northwestern Oregon". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 45 (6): 97–102.
↑ David W. Steadman (1988). "A New Species of Porphyrio (Aves: Rallidae) from Archeological Sites in the Marquesas Islands". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 101 (1): 162–170.
1 2 3 4 Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1988). "Le Gisement du Bretou (Phosphorites du Quercy, Tarn-et-Garonne, France) et sa Faune de Vertébrés de l'Éocène Supérieur II. Oiseaux". Paleontographica A. 205: 29–50.
↑ Eduardo P. Tonni; Claudia P. Tambussi (1988). "Un Nuevo Psilopterninae (Aves: Ralliformes) del Mioceno Tardio de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Republica Argentina". Ameghiniana. 25: 155–160.
↑ Gerard F. van Tets; Charles W. Meredith; Peter J. Fullagar; Peter M. Davidson (1988). "Osteological Differences Between Sula and Morus, and a Description of an Extinct New Species of Sula from Lord Howe and Norfolk islands, Tasman Sea" (PDF). Notornis. 35 (1): 35–57.
↑ Herculano M. F. de Alvarenga (1988). "Ave Fóssil (Gruiformes: Rallidae) dos Folhelhos da Bacia de Taubaté, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil". Anais da Academia Brasileira Ciências. 60: 321–328.
↑ Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (2000). "A New Species of Ameripodius (Aves: Galliformes: Quercymegapodiidae) from the Lower Miocene of France". Palaeontology. 43 (3): 481–493. doi:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2000.00136.x.
1 2 3 Lev A. Nessov (1988). "Novyye ptitsy mela i paleogena Sredney Azii i Kazakhstana i usloviya na mestakh ikh obitaniya. [New Cretaceous and Paleogene Birds from Middle Asia and Kazakhstan, and the Condition Existing at Theire Places of Residence.] [in Russian, with English sum.]". Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR. 182: 116–123.
↑ Kellner, A.W.A., and Campos, D.A. (1988). "Sobre un novo pterossauro com crista sagital da Bacia do Araripe, Cretaceo Inferior do Nordeste do Brasil. (Pterosauria, Tupuxuara, Cretaceo, Brasil)." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 60: 459–469. [in Portuguese]

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[1] Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.

[Wolfe1988-2] Wolfe, J.A.; Wehr, W.C. (1988). "Rosaceous Chamaebatiaria-like foliage from the Paleogene of western North America". Aliso. 12 (1): 177–200.

[Dlussky1988-3] 1 2 3 Dlussky, G. M. (1988). "Ants of Sakhalin amber (Paleocene?)" (PDF). Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal (in Russian). 1988 (1): 50–61.

[Dlussky2012-4] Dlussky, G.M.; Wedmann, S. (2012). "The poneromorph ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae: Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae, Ponerinae) of Grube Messel, Germany: High biodiversity in the Eocene". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 10 (4): 725–753. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.628341. – via Taylor & Francis (subscription required)

[ddinogeorge-5] Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Retrieved 2008-08-07.

[6] Barsbold, R. 1988. A new late Cretaceous ornithomimid of Mongolia [in Russian]. Paleontol. J. 1: pp. 122-125.

[7] Jensen, J.A. 1988. A fourth new sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of the Colorado Plateau and sauropod bipedalism. Great Basin Nat. 48 (2), pp. 121-145.

[Mateus,_O._2013-8] Mateus, O., & Tschopp E. (2013). Cathetosaurus as a valid sauropod genus and comparisons with Camarasaurus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Program and Abstracts, 2013. 173.

[bakker88denversaurus-9] 1 2 Bakker, R. T. 1988. Review of the late Cretaceous Nodosaurid Dinosauria, Denversaurus schlessmani, a new armor-plated dinosaur from the Latest Cretaceous of South Dakota, the Last Survivor of the Nodosaurians, with comments on Stegosaur-Nodosaur Relationships. Hunteria 1 (3), pp. 3-23.

[10] Yadagiri, P. 1988. A new sauropod Kotasaurus yamanpalliensis from Lower Jurassic Kota Formation of India. Records of the Geological Survey of India 116 (3-8): pp. 102-127.

[11] Bakker, R.T., M. Williams, and P. Currie. 1988. Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana. Hunteria 1: pp. 1-30.

[12] Horner, J.R. and D.B. Weishampel. 1988. A comparative embryological study of two ornithischian dinosaurs. Nature 332: pp. 256- 257.

[13] Olshevsky, G. 1991. A Revision of the Parainfraclass Archosauria Cope, 1869, Excluding the Advanced Crocodylia. Mesozoic Meanderings 2 (1st printing): iv + 196 pages.

[14] Giffin, E. B., D.L. Gabriel, and R.E. Johnson. 1987. A new pachycephalosaurid skull (Ornithischia) from the Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation of Montana. J. Vert. Palaeontol. 7 (4); pp. 398-407.

[Ciconia-15] Philippa J. Haarhoff (1988). "A New Fossil Stork (Aves, Ciconiidae) from the Late Tertiary of Langebaanweg, South Africa". Annals of the South African Museum. 97: 297–313.

[Morus-16] 1 2 Dan Grigorescu; Jenö Kessler (1988). "New Contributions to the Knowledge of the Sarmatian Birds from South Dobrogea in the Frame of the Eastern Paratethyan Avifauna". Revue Roumaine de Géologie, Géophysique et Géographie, [Série]: Géologie. 32: 91–97.

[Gymnogyps-17] Steven D. Emslie (1988). "The Fossil History and Phylogenetic Relationships of Condors (Ciconiiformes: Vulturidae) in the New World". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 8: 212–228. doi:10.1080/02724634.1988.10011699.

[Hadrogyps-18] Steven D. Emslie (1988). "An Early Condor-like Vulture from North America" (PDF). The Auk. 105 (3): 529–535.

[Jungornis-19] Aleksandr A. Karkhu (1988). "A New Family of Swift-Like Birds from the Paleogene of Europe". Paleontological Journal. 22: 77–88.

[Houde-20] 1 2 3 4 Peter W. Houde (1988). "Paleognathous Birds from the Early Tertiary of the Northern Hemisphere". Publication of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. 22: 1–148.

[Messelornis-21] Angelika Hesse (1988). "Die †Messelornithidae-Ein Neue Familie der Kranichartigen (Aves: Gruiformes: Rhynocheti) aus dem Tertiär Europas und Nordamerikas". Journal für Ornithologie. 129 (1): 83–95. doi:10.1007/bf01641534.

[Millener-22] 1 2 3 Philip R. Millener (1988). "Contributions to New Zealand's Late Quaternary Avifauna. I: Pachyplichas, a New Genus of Wren (Aves: Acanthisittidae), with Two New Species". Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 18 (4): 383–406. doi:10.1080/03036758.1988.10426464.

[Phocavis-23] James L. Goedert (1988). "A New Late Eocene Species of Plotopteridae (Aves: Pelecaniformes) from Northwestern Oregon". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 45 (6): 97–102.

[Porphyrio-24] David W. Steadman (1988). "A New Species of Porphyrio (Aves: Rallidae) from Archeological Sites in the Marquesas Islands". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 101 (1): 162–170.

[Ventivorus-25] 1 2 3 4 Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1988). "Le Gisement du Bretou (Phosphorites du Quercy, Tarn-et-Garonne, France) et sa Faune de Vertébrés de l'Éocène Supérieur II. Oiseaux". Paleontographica A. 205: 29–50.

[Psilopterus-26] Eduardo P. Tonni; Claudia P. Tambussi (1988). "Un Nuevo Psilopterninae (Aves: Ralliformes) del Mioceno Tardio de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Republica Argentina". Ameghiniana. 25: 155–160.

[Sula-27] Gerard F. van Tets; Charles W. Meredith; Peter J. Fullagar; Peter M. Davidson (1988). "Osteological Differences Between Sula and Morus, and a Description of an Extinct New Species of Sula from Lord Howe and Norfolk islands, Tasman Sea" (PDF). Notornis. 35 (1): 35–57.

[Taubacrex-28] Herculano M. F. de Alvarenga (1988). "Ave Fóssil (Gruiformes: Rallidae) dos Folhelhos da Bacia de Taubaté, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil". Anais da Academia Brasileira Ciências. 60: 321–328.

[Quercymegapodiidae-29] Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (2000). "A New Species of Ameripodius (Aves: Galliformes: Quercymegapodiidae) from the Lower Miocene of France". Palaeontology. 43 (3): 481–493. doi:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2000.00136.x.

[Nessov-30] 1 2 3 Lev A. Nessov (1988). "Novyye ptitsy mela i paleogena Sredney Azii i Kazakhstana i usloviya na mestakh ikh obitaniya. [New Cretaceous and Paleogene Birds from Middle Asia and Kazakhstan, and the Condition Existing at Theire Places of Residence.] [in Russian, with English sum.]". Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR. 182: 116–123.

[kellner&campos1988-31] Kellner, A.W.A., and Campos, D.A. (1988). "Sobre un novo pterossauro com crista sagital da Bacia do Araripe, Cretaceo Inferior do Nordeste do Brasil. (Pterosauria, Tupuxuara, Cretaceo, Brasil)." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 60: 459–469. [in Portuguese]