1911 Australian census

First commonwealth census
General information
Country	Commonwealth of Australia
Date taken	3 April 1911 (1911-04-03)
Total population	4,455,005
Percent change	18.05%
Most populous state or territory	New South Wales (1,646,734)
Least populous state or territory	Federal Territory (1,714)

The 1911 Australian census was the first national population census held in Australia. The day used for the census, was taken for the night between the 2 and 3 April 1911. The total population of the Commonwealth of Australia was counted as 4,455,005 - an increase of 681,204 people, 18.05% since the 1901 "Federation" Census.^{[1][lower-alpha 1][2]}

The Census Volumes II and III were published on 30 September 1914. At that time it was intended to issue shortly thereafter Volume 1.^[3]

Collection method

The first Commonwealth Statistician was George Handley Knibbs. He began his career as a licensed surveyor in government service. On Monday 3 April 1911, census collectors set out all over Australia under mostly clear skies to begin gathering in Australia's first national census forms. They covered suburbs to rural towns and the outback. They travelled by bike or horse where they had the transport that was needed to cover large areas, however, most travelled by foot. Some in Northern Queensland had to find their way through a flooded landscape while others in South Australia had difficulties finding water and fodder for their horses due to droughts. They had distributed the forms prior to the census day.^[4]

The Rialto building, 497-503 Collins Street, where G. H. Knibbs and his staff worked.^[5]

There was a permanent staff of the ‘Bureau of Census and Statistics’ which consisted of the Statistician (Knibbs) and many assistants, some young men working as clerks as well as a couple of messenger boys. A female typist had joined soon after. They worked in the old Rialto Building in Collins Street, Melbourne.^[6]

Collectors had to supply their own transport and cover any associated costs such as fodder and petrol. They were paid according to their method of transport. Collectors on foot were paid ten shilling a day, those on bicycle fifteens shillings a day and those on horse 20 shillings a day. Police were used in the days immediately following the census to get travellers, swagmen and campers to provide their information. Train conductors and ships' captains were also used as collectors in the 1911 census and several subsequent censuses, to cover people travelling overnight on census night.^[7]

Census questions

For Every Person present in the Night from 2 to 3 April 1911, or returning on 3rd April (if not included elsewhere).^[8]

• Name in full (Underline Surname.)
• Sex - {Write M for Male}, {Write F for Female}
• Date of Birth: Day
• If married, write M. If widowed, write W. If divorced, write D. If never married, write N. M.
• Date of existing Marriage: Year.................
• Number of Children (living and dead) from existing Marriage .....................
  • (a) Number of Children: (living and dead) from previous Marriage ...............
• Relation to Head of Household
• State if Blind or Deaf and Dumb ................
• Country (or Australian State) where born
• If a British subject by parentage. write P.
  • If a British subject by Naturalization. write N.
  • Race -
• If born outside Commonwealth, state length of residence therein
  • (a) Date of Arrival in Commonwealth
• Religion
• Education
  • (a) At present receiving Education
• Profession or Occupation
  (If engaged in more than one occupation. underline principal occupation.)
  • (a) State if Employer or Employee, &c
  • (b) If out of work, state period
  • (c) Occupation of Employer (if any).

Population and dwellings

Population counts for Australian states and territories had 4,455,005 and 19,939 full-Aboriginals for a total population of 4,474,944.^[9]
Note: All figures are for the census usually resident population count.

States and Territories	Males	Females	Total
States
New South Wales	857,698	789,036	1,646,734
Victoria	655,591	659,960	1,315,551
Queensland	329,506	276,307	605,813
South Australia	207,358	201,200	408,558
Western Australia	161,565	120,549	282,114
Tasmania	97,591	93,620	191,211
Territories
Northern Territory	2,734	576	3,310
Federal Territory	992	722	1,714
Commonwealth of Australia	2,313,035'	2,141,970	4,455,005
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics[lower-alpha 2][10][11]

States and Territories	Males	Females	Total
States
New South Wales	1,152	860	2,012
Victoria	103	93	196
Queensland	5,145	3,542	8,687
South Australia	802	637	1,439
Western Australia	3,433	2,936	6,369
Tasmania	2	1	3
Territories
Northern Territory	743	480	1,223
Federal Territory	5	5	10
Commonwealth	11,385	8,554	19,939
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics Full-blooded Australian Aboriginals Enumerated[12]

Birthplace

At the Census of the 3rd April, 1911, each person was asked to state on a " personal" card, the" Country or Australian State where born," and to state on a "personal" card, the Country or Australian State where born," and from the replies to this query, taken in conjunction with the other data furnished, the tables contained in Part II.^[13]

Country of birth	Population	Percent
Australasia	3,699,538	83.62%
Australia	3,667,670	82.90%
New South Wales	1,315,030	-
Victoria	1,181,787	-
Queensland	415,064	-
South Australia	394,768	-
Western Australia	114,550	-
Tasmania	193,770	-
Northern Territory	710	-
Australia (undefined)	51,991	-
Totals: Overseas-born	787,335	17.10%
New Zealand	31,868	0.72%
Europe	664,671	15.02%
England	346,030	7.75%
Scotland	93,083	-
Isle of Man	1,007	-
Ireland	139,434	-
Wales	12,175	-
Other European British pos.	2,378	-
Austria-Hungary	2,774	-
Belgium	339	-
Denmark	5,663	-
France	2,876	-
Germany	32,990	-
Greece	1,798	-
Italy	6,719	-
Netherlands	745	-
Norway	3,451	-
Portugal	173	-
Russia	4,456	-
Spain	658	-
Sweden	5,586	-
Switzerland	1,736	-
Other European Countries	600	-
Asia	36,442	0.82%
China	20,775	-
Africa	4,958	0.11%
South Africa (undefined)	2,525	-
America	11,278	0.25%
United States of America	6,642	-
Canada	2,944	-
Polynesia	3,410	0.08%
Fiji	852	-
At sea	4,238	0.10%
Unspecified	30,470	-
Totals, Commonwealth	4,455,005	100.00%
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (Part II. Birthplaces)[14]

Race

At the first Australian census in 1911 only those "aboriginal natives" living near European settlements were enumerated, and the main population tables included only those of half or less Aboriginal descent. Details of those "full-blood" Aborigines enumerated were included in separate tables.^[15]

Race		Population	Percentage
European		4,402,662	98.83%
Totals, others		52,343	1.17%
Aboriginal (half)		10,113	0.23%
Asiatic		38,690	0.87%
Chinese		25,772	-
Hindus		3,698	-
Japanese		3,576	-
African		693	0.01%
American		89	0.00%
American Indians		51	-
Polynesian		2,751	0.06%
Polynesians (so described)		2,197	-
Indefinite		7	0.00%
	Commonwealth of Australia	4,455,005	100.00%
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics

Race		Population	Percentage
Full-Aboriginal (counted separately)*		19,939	-
	Commonwealth of Australia	4,455,005	100.00%
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics *Counted separately to grand total.

See also

• 1911 in Australia
• Census in Australia
• Australian Bureau of Statistics

Notes

References