1230s
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The 1230s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1230, and ended on December 31, 1239.
Events
1230
By area
Africa
- Sundiata starts to rule in Mali (approximate date).
- In the West African village of Siby, Sundiata Keita, founder of the Mali Empire, forces the Malinkés to bind themselves to each other by oath.
Asia
- August 10–12 – Battle of Yassıçemen: Sultan Kayqubad I of Rum defeats Shah Jala9 7 1 9 ad-Din of Persia, ending the Khwarazmian Dynasty.
- The Sena Dynasty of Bengal falls.
Europe
- March 9 – Battle of Klokotnitsa: Bulgarian tsar Ivan Asen II defeats the Emperor of Thessalonica Theodore Komnenos Doukas. In the aftermath, Bulgaria quickly extends its control over most of Theodore's domains in Thrace, Macedonia, and Albania. The Latin Duchy of Philippopolis and the independent principality of Alexius Slav are also captured, and annexed into Bulgaria.[1]
- Iberian Peninsula – Battle of Alange: Alfonso IX defeats Ibn Hud al-Yamani (known as Almogàver by the Christians). This success opens the road to Badajoz to the Leonese troops.[2] The Portuguese king Sancho II continues his offensive southward, and takes Beja, Juromenha, Serpa and Moura.[3]
- September 24 – The Kingdoms of León and Galicia unite with the Kingdoms of Castile and Toledo, under Ferdinand III.
- The Teutonic Knights are invited into Prussia, to forcibly convert the Prussians and Yatvags to Christianity.
By topic
Arts
- The Carmina Burana poetry and song collection is created (approximate date).[4]
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References
- ↑ Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan Press. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-472-08260-5.
- ↑ Peter Linehan (1999). "Chapter 21: Castile, Portugal and Navarre". In David Abulafia. The New Cambridge Medieval History c.1198-c.1300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 668–673. ISBN 0-521-36289-X.
- ↑ Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
- ↑ Carmina Burana. Die Lieder der Benediktbeurer Handschrift. Zweisprachige Ausgabe, hg. u. übers. v. Carl Fischer und Hugo Kuhn, dtv, München 1991; wenn man dagegen z. B. CB 211 und 211a jeweils als zwei Lieder zählt, kommt man auf insgesamt 315 Texte in der Sammlung, so auch Dieter Schaller, Carmina Burana, in: Lexikon des Mittelalters, Bd. 2, Artemis Verlag, München und Zürich 1983, Sp. 1513