1001 Gaussia

1001 Gaussia
Orbit of Gaussia (blue) compared to those of the inner planets and Jupiter (outermost)
Discovery [1]
Discovered by S. Belyavskyj
Discovery site Simeiz Obs.
Discovery date 8 August 1923
Designations
MPC designation (1001) Gaussia
Named after
 Carl Friedrich Gauss
(German mathematician)[2]
1923 OA · A907 XC
A911 MD
main-belt · (outer) [1][3]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 109.33 yr (39,933 days)
Aphelion 3.6150 AU
Perihelion 2.8046 AU
3.2098 AU
Eccentricity 0.1262
5.75 yr (2,100 days)
121.11°
0° 10m 17.04s / day
Inclination 9.2958°
259.32°
142.51°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions 67.80±19.69 km[4]
68.51±21.78 km[5]
72.422±1.517 km[6]
72.711±0.298 km[7]
74.67±3.8 km[8]
74.71 km (derived)[3]
75.40±0.99 km[9]
80.07±0.68 km[10]
4.08±0.05 h[11]
9.17±0.01 h[12]
20.99±0.01 h[lower-alpha 1]
0.036±0.007[10]
0.039±0.001[9]
0.0392±0.004[8]
0.041±0.004[7]
0.0416±0.0054[6]
0.0417 (derived)[3]
0.05±0.03[4]
0.05±0.04[5]
Tholen = PC [1][3]
B–V = 0.689 [1]
U–B = 0.265 [1]
9.70[3][4][10] · 9.72[5] · 9.77[6][8][9] · 9.8[1] · 9.91±0.26[13]

    1001 Gaussia, provisional designation 1923 OA, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 73 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 8 August 1923, by Soviet astronomer Sergey Belyavsky at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula.[14] The asteroid was named after German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss.[2]

    Orbit and classification

    Gaussia is a background asteroid that does not belong to any known asteroid family. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.8–3.6 AU once every 5 years and 9 months (2,100 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]

    The asteroid was first identified as A907 XC at Taunton Observatory (803) in December 1907. The body's observation arc begins at UNSO in January 1908, more than 15 years prior to its official discovery observation at Simeiz.[14]

    Physical characteristics

    In the Tholen classification, Gaussia has an ambiguous spectral type. Its type is closest to the primitive P-type asteroids, followed by the common carbonaceous C-type asteroids.[1][3]

    Rotation period

    In November 2005, a rotational lightcurve of Gaussia was obtained from photometric observations. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 20.99 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.11 magnitude (U=3).[lower-alpha 1]

    Lower-rated lightcurves with a divergent period of 4.08 and 9.17 hours were previously obtained in 2005 and 2009, respectively (U=1/2-).[11][12]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Gaussia measures between 67.80 and 80.07 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.036 and 0.05.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0417 and a diameter of 74.71 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.7.[3]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named by Swedish astronomer Bror Ansgar Asplind after Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855), German mathematician and director of the Göttingen Observatory (528), who also rediscovered Ceres using a new orbital computing method by Franz Xaver von Zach.[2]

    The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 96). He is also honored by the lunar crater Gauss.[2]

    Notes

    1. 1 2 Aznar (2016a) : Observation 2015-11-22. Rotation period 20.99±0.01 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.11±0.01 mag. Qulaity Code of 3.Summary figures for (1001) Gaussia at Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL)

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1001 Gaussia (1923 OA)" (2017-05-01 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
    2. 1 2 3 4 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1001) Gaussia. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 87. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
    3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "LCDB Data for (1001) Gaussia". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 5 September 2017.
    4. 1 2 3 4 Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
    5. 1 2 3 4 Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
    6. 1 2 3 4 Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
    7. 1 2 3 Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
    8. 1 2 3 4 Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
    9. 1 2 3 4 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
    10. 1 2 3 4 Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
    11. 1 2 Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1001) Gaussia". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
    12. 1 2 Bonzo, Dimitrij; Carbognani, Albino (July 2010). "Lightcurves and Periods for Asteriods 1001 Gaussia, 1060 Magnolia, 1750 Eckert, 2888 Hodgson, and 3534 Sax". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 37 (3): 93–95. Bibcode:2010MPBu...37...93B. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
    13. ↑ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
    14. 1 2 "1001 Gaussia (1923 OA)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
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