Flora of New York/Poaceae 4

← Poaceae 3	Flora of New York — Poaceae 4: Poeae				→ Commelinales, Zingiberales, Ceratophyllales
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

The Poaceae tribe Poeae

Subtribe Torreyochloinae

Torreyochloa

Torreyochloa (false mannagrass) has been treated as a section of Puccinellia (alkali grass).

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Torreyochloinae — Torreyochloa
Torreyochloa	False manna grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Torreyochloa pallida (Torr.) G.L.Church var. fernaldii (Hitchc.) Dore 1906. Glyceria pallida var. fernaldii 1917. Glyceria fernaldii (Hitchc.) H.St.John 1949. T. fernaldii (Hitchc.) G.L.Church 1964. T. pallida var. fernaldii 1966. Puccinellia fernaldii (Hitchc.) E.G.Voss	Fernald's false mannagrass Glycérie de Fernald	Native, C:6, Secure OBL Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS NWG Trop. Images, wsp
Torreyochloa pallida (Torr.) G. L. Church var. pallida 1819. Windsoria pallida Torr. 1829. Uralepis pallida (Torr.) Kunth 1836. Glyceria pallida (Torr.) Trin. 1891. Panicularia pallida (Torr.) Kuntze 1949. T. pallida (Torr.) G.L.Church 1952. Puccinellia pallida (Torr.) R.T.Clausen	Pale false mannagrass, Pale mannagrass Glycérie pâle	Native, C:6, Secure OBL			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS Trop. Images, wsp

Subtribe Aveninae

Aveninae J.Presl in C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1:246. Jan–Jun 1830

Sphenopholis

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Sphenopholis
Sphenopholis Scribn.	Wedge scale	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb. 1909. Sphenopholis intermedia Rydb	Slender wedge grass, Slender wedgescale	Native, C:6, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT ITIS Images, wsp
Sphenopholis nitida (Biehler) Scribn. (1906)	Shiny wedge grass, Shiny wedgescale	Native, C:8, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT ITIS Images, wsp
Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. (1906)	Prairie wedgegrass, Prairie wedgescale	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NPT ARS Images, wsp
Sphenopholis pensylvanica (L.) Hitchc. Avena pennsylvanica Trisetum pensylvanicum 1915. S. pennsylvanica (L.) Hitchc.	Swamp wedgescale	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-N0 NPT ITIS Images, wsp
Sphenopholis (excluded taxa)	Wedge scale	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sphenopholis × pallens Sphenopholis obtusata × Sphenopholis pensylvanica		Native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD NPT Images, wsp
Sphenopholis intermedia × nitida Sphenopholis intermedia × Sphenopholis nitida		Native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD NPT Images, wsp

Trisetum

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Trisetum
Trisetum	Oat grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Trisetum spicatum (L.) K.Richt.	Narrow false oats, Spike trisetum	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Trisetum flavescens (L.) P.Beauv. 1753. Avena flavescens 1805. Trisetum pratense Pers. 1812. Trisetum flavescens (L.) P.Beauv. 1816. Trisetaria flavescens (L.) Baumg.	Yellow oatgrass, Yellow oat grass, Golden oat grass Avoine dorée, Avoine jaunâtre	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Impersistent			NYFA-Xm USDA-XW ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp

Graphephorum

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Graphephorum
Graphephorum	False oat	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Graphephorum melicoides (Michx.) Desv. (1810) Trisetum melicoides	False melic, Purple false oat, Trisèe fausse-mélique	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN ITIS Images, wsp

Koeleria

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Koeleria
Koeleria	June grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. 1753. Aira cristata L. 1812. Aira macrantha Ledeb. 1824. K. macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. auct. K. cristata non Pers. (i) auct. K. pyramidata non (Lam.) P. Beauv.	Junegrass, Prairie Junegrass	Introduced, N. America native			NYFA-X USDA-NN ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Koeleria (excluded taxa)	June grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Koeleria pyramidata (Lam.) P. Beauv. 1791. Poa pyramidata Lam. 1812. K. pyramidata (Lam.) P. Beauv.	Misapplied to American Junegrass	Introduced from Eurasia, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD ARS Images, wsp

Arrhenatherum

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Arrhenatherum
Arrhenatherum	Oat grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P.Beauv. ex J.Presl & C.Presl ssp. elatius	Tall oatgrass	Introduced, Naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT BNA Images, wsp
Arrhenatherum (excluded taxa)	Oat grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P.Beauv. ex J.Presl & C.Presl ssp. bulbosum (Willd.) Schübl. & G.Martens 1799. Avena bulbosa Willd. 1825. Arrh. elatius var. bulbosum 1834. Arrh. elatius ssp. bulbosum	Tall oatgrass	Introduced, No specimens			NYFA-D USDA-X0 NPT ARS ITIS Images, wsp

Avena

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Avena
Avena	Oat	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Avena fatua L. Avena fatua L. Avena hybrida	Wild oat	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Avena sativa L. Avena sativa L. Avena byzantina Avena fatua var. sativa	Common oat, Cultivated oat	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XW Images, wsp

Rostraria

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Rostraria
Rostraria	Hair grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev Festuca cristata (L.) Tzvelev Koeleria gerardii Koeleria phleoides	Mediterranean hairgrass	Introduced, Impersistent			NYFA-Xm USDA-X0 Images, wsp

Subtribe Phalaridinae

Anthoxanthum

Anthoxanthum is known variously as sweetgrass, vernalgrass, vanillagrass, or holygrass. The merging of the genus Hierochloe into Anthoxanthum by Schouten and Veldkamp (1985) may be cause for confusion between the native Anthoxanthum nitens (formerly Hierochloe odorata) and the Eurasian Anthoxanthum odoratum. These are two distinct species, and A. nitens appears never to have been considered a sub-taxon of A. odoratum.

Anthoxanthum subg. Hierochloe

The grasses of Anthoxanthum subg. Hierochloe are generally known as sweetgrass. Because A. hirtum and A. nitens were previously included together under Hierochloe odorata, the county-level distribution shown here for these two species is likely incorrect. The A. hirtum map is based on the BONAP map, while the A. nitens is based on the NYFA map as of 10-Nov-2016.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Phalaridinae — Anthoxanthum subg. Hierochloe
Anthoxanthum subg. Hierochloe	Sweet grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Anthoxanthum hirtum (Schrank) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp 1789. Savastana hirta Schrank 1830. Hierochloe arctica J.Presl 1900. H. hirta (Schrank) Borbas 1930. H. odorata var. annulata 1971. H. hirta ssp. arctica 1973. H. odorata ssp. hirta 1976. H. odorata ssp. arctica 1979. H. hirta var. annulata 1985. Anthoxanthum hirtum (Schrank) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp 1996. A. hirtum ssp. arcticum ^[1]	Hairy sweetgrass, Hairy sweet grass, Northern sweetgrass, Northern sweet grass Hiérochloé hérissée	Native, C:2, Unranked Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-U USDA-N0 NPT Can ARS ITIS NWG Trop. BNA LBJ Images, wsp
Anthoxanthum nitens (Weber) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp ssp. nitens 1753. Holcus odoratus L. 1787. Poa nitens Weber 1806. Ho. borealis Schrad. (i) 1812. Hierochloe odorata (L.) P.Beauv. 1817. Hi. borealis (Schrad.) Roem. & Schult. (i) 1898. Savastana nashii E.P.Bicknell 1914. Hi. nashii (E.P.Bicknell) Kaczmarek 1915. Torresia odorata (L.) Hitchc. 1921. T. nashii (E.P.Bicknell) House 1985. Anthoxanthum nitens (Weber) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp	Vanilla sweet grass, Vanilla sweetgrass, Common sweetgrass, Vanilla grass, Holy grass, Manna grass, Seneca grass Hiérochloé odorante, Hiérochloé odorant, Avoine odorante, Foin d'odeur, Herbe sainte, Houlque boréale	Native, C:8, Secure FACW Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS NWG Trop. BNA LBJ Images, wsp
Anthoxanthum monticola (Bigelow) Veldkamp ssp. monticola 1816. Holcus monticola Bigelow 1817. Dimesia monticola (Bigelow) Raf. 1954. Hierochloe orthantha T.J.Sørensen 1962. Hi. alpina var. orthantha 1964. Hi. monticola (Bigelow) Á.Löve & D.Löve (i) 1971. Hi. alpina ssp. orthantha 1985. A. monticola (Bigelow) Veldkamp 1996. A. monticola ssp. orthanthum 2012. A. monticola ssp. monticola	Alpine sweetgrass Hiérochloé des montagnes	Native, C:10, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[2]			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS NWG Trop. BNA Images, wsp
↑ When separated into subspecies, A. hirtum ssp. arcticum is the only North American native of the species. The New York Flora Atlas (2016) treats all A. hirtum subspecies as one variable taxon, baed on Allred and Barkworth (2007). ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Anthoxanthum monticola ssp. monticola. Endangered, S1/GNL.

Anthoxanthum subg. Anthoxanthum

The Old-World Anthoxanthum species found in New York often go by the name vernal grass and appear to be more widespread in the state than the native sweetgrass.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Phalaridinae — Anthoxanthum subg. Anthoxanthum
Anthoxanthum subg. Anthoxanthum	Vernal grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Anthoxanthum odoratum L. 1753. Anthoxanthum odoratum L. 1823. A. villosum Dumort. 1873. A. odoratum var. villosum 1880. Xanthonanthos odoratum (L.) St.-Lag.	Sweet vernal grass, Sweet vernalgrass, Large sweet grass, Large sweet vernalgrass, Scented vernal grass Flouve odorante, Foin d'odeur	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Naturalized Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-Xn USDA-XX NPT Can ARS NWG Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Anthoxanthum ovatum Lag. var. aristatum (Boiss.) Pérez Lara 1842. Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss. 1848. A. puelii Lecoq & Lamotte 1854. A. odoratum var. puelii 1854. A. odoratum var. aristatum 1886. A. ovatum var. aristatum	Vernal grass, Annual vernalgrass, Small sweet vernal grass Flouve aristée	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Not Naturalized Annual, Graminoid			NYFA-Xm USDA-XX NPT Can ARS NWG Trop. BNA Images, wsp

Phalaris

Although the New York Flora Atlas only lists Phalaris arundinacea var. picta as a synonym of Phalaris arundinacea, the Catalogue of New World Grasses (2003) lists both P. arundinacea var. arundinacea and P. arundinacea var picta as valid taxa.^[1] Because the ornamental var. picta is readily identifiable by its striped leaves, it's doubtful that it has naturalized in New York without being reported. However, it is believed that hardy European races of var. arundinacea have been introduced at various times since early European settlement and have probably hybridized with American races. So, the Phalaris arundinacea species may be considered invasive in New York.^[2]

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Phalaridinae — Phalaris
Phalaris	Canary grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Phalaris arundinacea L. var. arundinacea 1753. Phalaris arundinacea L. 1969. Phalaroides arundinacea Rauschert	Reed canary grass Alpiste roseau	Native, C:0, Secure, NYIS: 78%^[1], CP-3^[2], Highly invasive^[3] FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Sun			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS NWG Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Phalaris arundinacea L. var. picta L. 1753. P. arundinacea var. picta L. 1852. Phalaris picta (L.) Sloboda 1969. Phalaroides arundinacea ssp. japonica	Ornamental canary grass, Ribbon grass, Gardener's gaiters Alpiste ruban, Ruban de la vierge	Introduced, Potentially invasive FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Sun			NYFA-0 USDA-0 NPT Can ARS ITIS NWG Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Phalaris canariensis L. 1753. Phalaris canariensis L. 1794. Phalaris ovata Moench 1796. Phalaris avicularis Salisb.	Annual canary grass, Common canary grass, Seed canary grass, Birdseed grass	Introduced from Europe, Canary Isands Annual, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can ARS ITIS NWG Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Phalaris arundinacea: Highly invasive (78). ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009) ↑ Although Phalaris arundinacea var. arundinacea is native to much of North America, its Eurasian ecotype has been widely planted and become a problem in North America.

Subtribe Brizinae

Briza

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Brizinae — Briza
Briza	Quaking grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Briza maxima L.	Big quakinggrass, Large quaking grass	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Briza media L.	Perennial quaking grass	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XW Images, wsp
Briza minor L.	Little quakinggrass	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-Excluded USDA-XX Images, wsp

Subtribe Agrostidinae

Agrostis

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Agrostidinae — Agrostis
Agrostis	Bentgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Agrostis perennans (Walter) Tuck. A. altissima (Walter) Tuck. A. perennans (Walter) Tuck.	Autumn bent, Upland bent, Upland bentgrass	Native, C:4, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Agrostis scabra Willd. A. geminata	Northern tickle grass, Rough bentgrass	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. (1888) A. antecedens E.P.Bicknell A. hiemalis orth. var. Cornucopiae hyemalis Walter	Southern hairgrass, Southern ticklegrass, Winter bentgrass	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4-5 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Agrostis mertensii Trin. (1836) A. borealis Hartm. (1843)	Northern bent, Northern bentgrass, Arctic bentgrass Agrostide de Mertens	Native, C:9, Threatened			NYFA-2 NPT Images, wsp
Agrostis stolonifera L. (1753) auct. A. alba non L. A. maritima Lam. A. palustris Huds.	Creeping bent, Creeping bentgrass	Introduced, N. America native, Nativity in question			NYFA-X5 USDA-XX NPT Images, wsp
Agrostis canina L. A. canina var. varians	Velvet bent, Velvet bentgrass Agrostide des chiens	Introduced, N. America native			NYFA-X USDA-NW NPT ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Agrostis capillaris 1753. A. capillaris L. 1794. A. tenuis Sibth. 1796. A. vulgaris With. A. stricta A. sylvatica	Rhode Island bent, Rhode Island bentgrass, Colonial bent, Colonial bentgrass	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT ARS Images, wsp
Agrostis gigantea auct. Agrostis alba non L. Agrostis nigra A. stolonifera ssp. gigantea A. stolonifera var. major	Redtop, Red-top, Black bentgrass	Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 68%^[1]			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Images, wsp
Agrostis (excluded taxa)	Bentgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Agrostis vinealis Schreb. 1771. Agrostis vinealis Schreb.	Brown bentgrass	Introduced from Alaska, Eurasia, northern Africa, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-00 Images, wsp
Agrostis mertensii × scabra Agrostis mertensii × Agrostis scabra	Hybrid of northern bent & northern tickle-grass	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD Images, wsp
Agrostis canina × capillaris Agrostis canina × Agrostis capillaris	Hybrid of velvet bent & Rhode Island bent	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD Images, wsp
Agrostis gigantea × stolonifera Agrostis gigantea × Agrostis stolonifera	Hybrid of red-top & creeping bent	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD Images, wsp
Agrostis capillaris × gigantea Agrostis capillaris × Agrostis gigantea	Hybrid of Rhode Island bent & red-top	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Agrostis.gigantea: M 68 (all).

Ammophila

Molecular and morphological studies have shown that native eastern North American beechgrass comprises a number of lineages with overlapping characteristics that may be best treated as a single species:^[1]

Coastal populations (A. breviligulata):
- Northern Atlantic coast,
- Southern Atlantic coast,
Interior populations (A. champlainensis):
- Lake Champlain & St. Lawrence River, and
- Great Lakes.

The New York Flora Atlas currently lists these two subspecies together as Ammophila breviligulata.

↑ Delisle-Oldham &al. (2008). "Taxonomic Recognition of Ammophila champlainensis and Morphological Variation in Northeastern North American Ammophila (Poaceae)." Rhodora 110(942): 29–156, 2008

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Agrostidinae — Ammophila
Ammophila	Beachgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ammophila breviligulata Fernald ssp. breviligulata 1920. Ammophila breviligulata Fernald	American beachgrass	Native, C:8, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS Trop. Images, wsp
Ammophila breviligulata Fernald ssp. champlainensis (F.Seym.) P.J.Walker, C.A.Paris & Barrington ex Barkworth 1966. Ammophila champlainensis F.Seym. 2006. A. breviligulata ssp. champlainensis	Lake Champlain beachgrass, Champlain beachgrass	Native, C:8, Endangered, Excluded, NYNHP: 1^[1]			NYFA-1 USDA-NN ARS Trop. Images, wsp
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Ammophila breviligulata ssp. champlainensis. Endangered, S1/G2G3Q.

Calamagrostis

Calamagrostis canadensis
Canada bluejoint grass

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Agrostidinae — Calamagrostis
Calamagrostis	Reedgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv. var. canadensis	Canada bluejoint grass, Bluejoint, Blue-joint reedgrass	Native, C:7, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv. var. langsdorfii	Bluejoint	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1? USDA-NN ITIS Images, wsp Note: ^[1]
Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv. var. macouniana	Macoun's reedgrass	Native, Historical			NYFA-N USDA-NN Images, wsp
Calamagrostis cinnoides (Muhl.) W.P.C. Barton auct. C. cinnoides W.P.C.Barton (i) 1823. Arundo coarctata Torr. 1829. C. coarctata (Torr.) Eaton	Small reedgrass, Arctic reedgrass, Nuttall's reedgrass	Native, C:8, Likely secure OBL			NYFA-4? USDA-NN NPT ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Calamagrostis pickeringii A.Gray	Pickering's reedgrass, Pickering's reed bent-grass	Native, Rare			NYFA-3 USDA-NN ITIS Images, wsp
Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler ssp. inexpansa Calamagrostis hyperborea Calamagrostis inexpansa Calamagrostis lacustris	Northern reedgrass	Native, Threatened			NYFA-2 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler ssp. stricta Calamagrostis neglecta	Slim-stemmed small-reedgrass	Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[2]			NYFA-1 Images, wsp
Calamagrostis porteri A.Gray ssp. porteri	Porter's reedgrass	Native, C:9, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[3]			NYFA-1-2 USDA-N0 ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Calamagrostis perplexa	Wood reed grass	Native, Endangered, Endemic to NY, NYNHP: 1^[4]			NYFA-1 USDA-N0 Images, wsp
Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth	Feathertop, Chee reedgrass	Introduced, Very rare			NYFA-X USDA-XX ITIS Images, wsp
↑ Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) lists C. canadensis var. langsdorfii as a synonym of C. canadensis. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Calamagrostis stricta. Endangered, S1/Gx. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for ssssssssssss. Endangered, S1S2/G4T4. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Calamagrostis perplexa. Endangered, S1/G1.

Polypogon

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Agrostidinae — Polypogon
Polypogon	Rabbitsfoot grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Polypogon interruptus Kunth (1816)	Ditch beard grass, Ditch rabbitsfoot grass, Ditch polypogon	Introduced from western N. America, N. America native, Impersistent, Not naturalized			NYFA-Xm USDA-N0 ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. 1753. Alopecurus monspeliensis L. 1798. P. monspeliensis (L.) Desf.	Annual rabbit's-foot grass, Annual beard grass, Rabbit's-foot polypogon	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Naturalization unknown			NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp

Subtribe Coleanthinae

Puccinellia

The Puccinellia (alkali grass) species are similar in appearance to the wetland genera Glyceria and Torreyochloa, however, alkali grass is adaptable to saline areas.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Coleanthinae — Puccinellia
Puccinellia Parl.	Alkali grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl.	European alkaligrass, Weeping alkaligrass	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-MX NPT Images, wsp
Puccinellia fasciculata (Torr.) E.P. Bicknell	Saltmarsh alkaligrass, Salt marsh alkaligrass, Salt marsh goosegrass	Introduced OBL			NYFA-X USDA-N0 NPT BNA Images, wsp
Puccinellia rupestris (With.) Fernald & Weath.	Stiff alkaligrass, British alkaligrass, Goosegrass	Introduced Annual, Graminoid			NYFA- USDA-X Images, wsp
Puccinellia (excluded taxa)	Alkali grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Puccinellia nutkaensis (J. Presl) Fernald & Weath.	Nootka alkaligrass	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NN ITIS Images, wsp
Puccinellia nuttalliana (Schult.) Hitchc.	Nuttall's alkaligrass	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NN NPT ITIS Images, wsp
Puccinellia alaskana Scribn. & Merr. P. alaskana Scribn. & Merr. P. langeana ssp. alaskana P. paupercula var. alaskana P. tenella ssp. alaskana	Alaska goose grass, Tundra alkaligrass	N. America native, N.Y. excluded FACW Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NN ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Puccinellia maritima	Seaside alkaligrass, Seaside speargrass	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-MX NPT Images, wsp

Sclerochloa

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Coleanthinae — Sclerochloa
Sclerochloa	Hard grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sclerochloa dura (L.) P.Beauv. 1753. Cynosurus durus L. 1812. Sclerochloa dura (L.) P.Beauv.	Fairground grass, Common hardgrass, Hard meadowgrass	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Wool mill waif, GMW^[1]			NYFA-Xm USDA-XN NEW-0 Can ARS ITIS Images, wsp
↑ Grass Manual on the Web and USDA-NRCS seem to contradict about the North American nativity of Sclerochloa dura.

Subtribe Airinae

Avenella

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Avenella
Avenella	Hairgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drejer 1753. Aira flexuosa L. 1836. Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. 1838. Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drejer 1852. D. flexuosa var. montana 1866. Lerchenfeldia flexuosa (L.) Schur	Common hair grass, Wavy hair grass, Crinkled hair grass	Native, C:8, Secure Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. BNA Images, wsp

Deschampsia

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Deschampsia
Deschampsia P.Beauv.	Hairgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P.Beauv. 1753. Aira cespitosa L. 1796. Agrostis caespitosa (L.) Salisb. 1812. D. caespitosa (L.) P.Beauv. 1846. D. cespitosa ssp. glauca 1861. D. cespitosa var. parviflora 1918. D. cespitosa var. glauca 1940. D. anadyrensis V.N.Vassil.	Tufted hairgrass, Small-flowered ticklegrass, Tussock grass Deschampsie cespiteuse, Canche cespiteuse, Canche gazonnante	Native, C:8, Likely secure FACW Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-5 USDA-NM NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
Deschampsia danthonioides (Trin.) Munro 1830. Aira danthonioides Trin. 1830. D. calycina J. Presl 1857. D. danthonioides (Trin.) Munro	Annual hairgrass	Introduced, N. America native, Not naturalized FACW Annual, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-NN ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp

Vahlodea

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Vahlodea
Vahlodea	Hair grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Vahlodea atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Fr. ex Hartm. 1812. Aira atropurpurea Wahlenb. 1822. Avena atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Link 1826. Holcus atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Wahlenb. 1843. Vahlodea atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Fr. ex Hartm. 1844. Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Scheele 1937. Vahlodea latifolia (Hook.) Hultén	Mountain hair grass, Mountain hairgrass Deschampsie pourpre	Native, C:10, Likely extirpated, Impersistent FACW, Graminoid			NYFA-Z USDA-NN ARS Trop. Images, wsp

Aira

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Aira
Aira	Hairgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aira praecox L. Aspris praecox (L.) Nash	Early hairgrass, Yellow hairgrass, Spike hairgrass, Early silver hairgrass, Small hairgrass	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Can Images, wsp
Aira caryophyllea L. var. caryophyllea 1753. Aira caryophyllea L. 1780. Avena caryophyllea (L.) Weber 1796. Agrostis caryophyllea (L.) Salisb. 1866. Fussia caryophyllea (L.) Schur 1913. Aspris caryophyllea (L.) Nash	Silver hairgrass, Silvery hairgrass, Common silver hairgrass Canche caryophyllée, Aira caryophyllé	Introduced from Eurasia, n. Africa, GMW, iMapInvasives			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp
Aira (excluded taxa)	Hairgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aira caryophyllea L. var. capillaris (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Bluff & Fingerh. 1798. Aira capillaris Savi 1823. Avena capillaris Mert. & W.D.J.Koch 1836. Aira caryophyllea var. capillaris Bluff & Fingerh. 1853. Aira elegantissima Schur auct. Aira elegans Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.	Delicate hairgrass, Annual silver hairgrass	Introduced from Eurasia, n. Africa, No specimens, GMW			USDA-X0 NPT ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp

Corynephorus

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Corynephorus
Corynephorus	Clubawn grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Corynephorus canescens (L.) Beauv.	Gray clubawn grass, Gray hairgrass	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XN Images, wsp

Holcus

The genus Holcus (velvet grass or soft grass)

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Holcus
Holcus	Velvet grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Holcus lanatus L. 1753. Holcus lanatus L. 1787. Aira holcus-lanata Vill. 1802. Avena lanata (L.) Koeler 1817. Holcus argenteus C. Agardh ex Roem. & Schult. 1912. Notholcus lanatus (L.) Nash ex Hitchc. 1916. Ginannia lanata (L.) F.T.Hubb.	Common velvetgrass, Fog grass Holoque laineuse	Introduced from Europe, western Asia, northern Africa FAC-FACU Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT ARS ITIS NWG Trop. Images, wsp
Holcus mollis L. 1759. Holcus mollis L. 1771. Aira mollis (L.) Schreb. 1787. Aira holcus-mollis Vill. 1802. Avena mollis (L.) Koeler (i) 1901. Ginannia mollis (L.) Bubani 1915. Notholcus mollis (L.) Hitchc.	Creeping soft grass, Creeping velvet grass Houlque molle	Introduced from Europe, western Asia, northern Africa FACU Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT ARS ITIS NWG Trop. Images, wsp

Subtribe Cynosurinae

Cynosurus

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Cynosurinae
Cynosurus	Dogstail grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cynosurus cristatus L.	Crested dog's tail, Crested dogtail grass Crêtelle à crêtes	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Cynosurus echinatus L.	Bristly dogtail grass, Rough dog's tail	Introduced, Impersistent			NYFA-Xm USDA-XX ARS ITIS Images, wsp

Subtribe Dactylidinae

Dactylis

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Dactylidinae — Dactylis
Dactylis	Orchard grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Dactylis glomerata L. 1753. Dactylis glomerata L. 1771. Bromus glomeratus (L.) Scop. 1785. Festuca glomerata (L.) All. 1817. Limnetis glomerata (L.) Eaton 1828. D. glomerata var. detonsa 1838. D. glomerata var. ciliata 1906. D. glomerata ssp. lobata 1911. D. glomerata ssp. aschersoniana	Orchard grass, Orchardgrass, Cock's foot, Cock's foot grass	Introduced from Eurasia, Naturalized FACU Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-Xn USDA-XX ARS Trop. Images, wsp

Subtribe Loliinae

Festuca

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Loliinae — Festuca
Festuca	Fescue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Festuca subverticillata Festuca obtusa	Nodding fescue	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Festuca saximontana var. saximontana	Mountain fescue, Sheep fescue, Rocky Mountain fescue	Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[1]			NYFA-1 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Festuca filiformis Pourr. Festuca capillata Lam. Festuca ovina ssp. tenuifolia Festuca ovina var. capillata Festuca tenuifolia Sibth.	Hair fescue, Fineleaf sheep fescue, Fine-leaved sheep fescue	Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 60%^[2]			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Images, wsp
Festuca heterophylla F. rubra var. heterophylla	Various-leaved fescue	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images, wsp
Festuca rubra L. ssp. rubra Festuca prolifera (Piper) Fernald	Red fescue, Prolific fescue	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-NN Images, wsp
Festuca rubra L. ssp. commutata Gaudin 1786. Festuca nigrescens Lam. 1788. Festuca heteromalla Pourr. 1799. Festuca fallax Thuill. 1828. F. rubra ssp. commutata 1881. F. rubra var. fallax 1882. F. rubra ssp. fallax	Chewing's fescue, Varioushair fescue	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT ARS Images, wsp
Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) Krajina (1930) F. ovina var. duriuscula F. ovina var. duriuscula F. ovina ssp. longifolia (i) 1977. F. brevipila R.Tracey	Fétuque dressée, Fétuque à feuilles scabres, Hard fescue, Sheep Fescue	Introduced, Naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Festuca (excluded taxa)	Fescue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Festuca brachyphylla Schult. & Schult.f. 1823. Festuca brevifolia R.Br. non Muhl. 1827. F. brachyphylla Schult. & Schult.f. 1871. F. ovina var. brevifolia 1906. F. ovina var. brachyphylla	Alpine fescue, Rock fescue	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NN NPT ARS Images, wsp
Festuca ovina F. ovina var. hispidula	Sheep fescue	Introduced, Synonym			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images, wsp
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Festuca saximontana var. saximontana . Endangered, S1/G5T5. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Festuca filiformis: Moderate (60).

Vulpia

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Loliinae — Vulpia
Vulpia	Fescue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb. var. glauca (Nutt.) Fernald Festuca gracilenta Festuca octoflora var. glauca Festuca tenella Vulpia octoflora var. tenella	Sixweeks fescue, Slender 8-flowered fescue	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray Bromus dertonensis Festuca bromoides Festuca dertonensis 1822. Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray Vulpia dertonensis	Brome fescue, Brome six-weeks grass	Introduced, Impersistent			NYFA-Xm USDA-XX ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.Gmel. Festuca megalura Festuca myuros 1805. Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.Gmel. Vulpia megalura	Annual fescue, Rat's-tail six-weeks grass	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS Images, wsp

Lolium

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Loliinae — Lolium
Lolium	Rye grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lolium multiflorum Lam.	Italian ryegrass, Ivraie multiflore, Ray-grass d'Italie	Introduced, GMW			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Lolium perenne L.	Ivraie vivace, Perennial ryegrass, Ray-grass anglais	Introduced, GMW			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Lolium persicum Boiss. & Hohen. ex Boiss. (1854) Lolium dorei B. Boivin	Ivraie de Perse, Persian darnel, Persian ryegrass	Introduced, Impersistent, GMW			NYFA-Xm USDA-XX NPT ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Lolium temulentum L. ssp. temulentum	Darnel, Darnel ryegrass, Ivraie enivrante	Introduced, GMW			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT ARS ITIS Images, wsp

Schedonorus

Because the Festuca subgenus Schedonorus seems to be more similar to Lolium than to the rest of Festuca, some sources now treat it as its own genus while others now treat it as a subgenus of Lolium.^[1]

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Loliinae — Schedonorus
Schedonorus	Rye grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P.Beauv. auct. Festuca elatior non L. (1753) 1762. Festuca pratensis Huds. 1812. Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P.Beauv. 1993. Lolium pratense (Huds.) Darbysh.	Tall rye grass, Meadow rye grass, Meadow fescue	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa FACU			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort 1753. Festuca elatior L. nom. rej. 1771. Poa phoenix Scop. 1771. Festuca arundinacea Schreb. 1789. Bromus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Roth 1857. Festuca elatior var. arundinacea 1867. Festuca elatior ssp. arundinacea 1824. Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort 1993. Lolium arundinaceum Darbysh. 1998. S. phoenix (Scop.) Holub	Tall rye grass, Alta fescue, Tall fescue, Coarse fescue, Kentucky fescue, Reed fescue Fétuque élevée	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 65%^[2] FACU			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Schedonorus giganteus (L.) Holub 1753. Bromus giganteus L. 1787. Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill. 1993. Lolium giganteum (L.) Darbysh. 1998. Schedonorus giganteus (L.) Holub	Giant rye grass, Giant fescue	Introduced, Unk. naturalization			NYFA-Xu USDA-XX ARS Images, wsp Note: GMW
↑ Stephen J. Darbyshire (1993). "Realignment of Festuca subg. Schedonorus with the genus Lolium (Poaceae)". Novon (Missouri Botanical Garden Press) 3 (3): 239–243. • Stephen J. Darbyshire. "Schedonorus treatment". Grass Manual on the Web (updated 2009). http://herbarium.usu.edu/webmanual/info2.asp?name=Schedonorus&type=treatment. • "Schedonorus P. Beauv.". Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). 2010. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=781282#. Retrieved 27 February 2013. "Current Standing: accepted" • "Schedonorus P. Beauv.". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). USDA-ARS. 13 August 2009. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?17593. Retrieved 27 February 2013. "Probable synonym of: Festuca L. … placed by some in Lolium L." • "Lolium giganteum (L.) Darbysh.". Catalogue of New World Grasses. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden.. http://www.tropicos.org/Name/25558279?projectid=10. Retrieved 27 February 2013. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Schedonorus arundinaceus: Moderate (65).

Subtribe Parapholiinae

Catapodium

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Parapholiinae — Catapodium
Catapodium	Fern grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Catapodium rigidum (L.) C.E. Hubbard ex Dony (1953) ssp. rigidum Desmazeria rigidaScleropoa rigida	Ferngrass	Introduced, Impersistent			NYFA-Xm USDA-X0 ARS Images, wsp

Subtribe Sesleriinae

Mibora

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Sesleriinae — Mibora
Mibora	Sand grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Mibora minima (L.) Desv.	Early sandgrass, Early sand grass	Introduced, Impersistent, Waif, GMW Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-Xm USDA-X0 NPT ARS ITIS Images, wsp

Subtribe Alopecurinae

According to Soreng et. al. (2014)^[1] Alopecurinae should be included in Poinae.

↑ R.J.Soreng, et. al. (2014) A World-Wide Phylogenic Classification of Poaecea (Gramineae): căo (草), capim, çayır, çimen, darbha, ghaas, ghas, gish, gramas, graminius, gräser, grasses, gyokh, he-ben-ke, hullu, kasa, kusa, nyasi, pastos, pillu, pullu, zlaki, etc. (rev. 5 Apr 2014)

Alopecurus

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Alopecurinae — Alopecurus
Alopecurus	Foxtail	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. var. aequalis 1799. Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. 1803. Alopecurus aristulatus Michx. 1823. Alopecurus geniculatus var. aristulatus 1925. Alopecurus aequalis ssp. aequalis 1925. Alopecurus aequalis var. aequalis 1925. Alopecurus aequalis var. natans	Shortawn foxtail, Short-awn foxtail, Short-awned foxtail, Short foxtail, Little meadow foxtail, Water foxtail Vulpin à courtes arêtes	Native, Secure OBL Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS Images, wsp
Alopecurus carolinianus Walter	Tufted foxtail, Carolina foxtail, Carolina meadow foxtail	Introduced, N. America native, Weed Annual, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-NN NPT ARS Images, wsp
Alopecurus geniculatus L.	Meadow foxtail, Water foxtail, Floating foxtail, Marsh foxtail, Marsh meadow-foxtail, Knee-joint foxtail	Introduced from Eurasia, Weed FACW-OBL Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Images, wsp
Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.	Slender meadow-foxtail Vulpin des champs	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa Annual, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Images, wsp
Alopecurus pratensis L.	Meadow foxtail, Field meadow-foxtail Vulpin des prés	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Images, wsp

Beckmannia

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Alopecurinae — Beckmannia
Beckmannia	Sloughgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald	American sloughgrass	Introduced, N. America native			ITIS Images, wsp

Phleum

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Alopecurinae — Phleum
Phleum	Timothy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Phleum pratense L. ssp. pratense 1753. Phleum pratense L. 1778. P. pratense var. nodosum 1821. P. nodosum var. pratense 1824. P. pratense ssp. nodosum 1854. P. intermedium Jord. 1859. P. parnassicum Boiss. (i)	Common timothy Meadow timothy Timothy Meadow cat's-tail Fléole des près	Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 64%^[1] FACU			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT ARS Images, wsp
Phleum arenarium L.	Sand timothy	Introduced, Impersistent			NYFA-Xm USDA-X0 Images, wsp
Phleum paniculatum Huds. (1762) Phleum asperum (Retz.) Jacq.	British timothy	Introduced, Impersistent			NYFA-Xm ARS Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Phleum pratense: Moderate (64).

Subtribe Miliinae

Milium

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Miliinae — Milium
Milium	Millet grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Milium effusum L. var. cisatlanticum Fernald 1950. M. effusum var. cisatlanticum 2010. M. effusum ssp. cisatlanticum	American milletgrass, Tall millet-grass	Native, C:8, Secure FACU Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Milium (excluded taxa)	Millet grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Milium effusum L. var. effusum 1753. Milium effusum L. 1783. Agrostis effusa (L.) Lam. 1794. Miliarium effusa (L.) Moench. 1796. Melica effusa (L.) Salisb. 1808. Decandolia effusa (L.) Bastard	Millet grass, Wood millet	Introduced, N.Y. excluded FACU Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-XCLD USDA- ARS NWG Images, wsp

Subtribe Poinae

Poa

The system used here for Poa (bluegrass) organization is based on Lynn J. Gillespie and Robert J. Soreng (2005) "A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Bluegrass Genus Poa Based on cpDNA restriction site data." Systematic Botany Vol. 30, No. 1 (Jan. - Mar., 2005), pp. 84–105 Published by: American Society of Plant Taxonomists.

The subgenera names use here are those proposed in: Gillespie, Lynn J.; Archambault, Annie; and Soreng, Robert J. (2007) "Phylogeny of Poa (Poaceae) Based on trnT–trnF Sequence Data: Major Clades and Basal Relationships," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 23: Iss. 1, Article 33.

Poa subg. Arctopoa

Poa subg. Arctopoa (Grisebach) Probatova, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 34. 1971.

Subg. Arctopoa is here considered equivalent of the ArcSyl clade, made up of subg. Arctopa sections Arctopa and Aphydris, and previous subg. Poa sect. Sylvestris: ( Arctopoa + Sylvestres ). It is considered to be the basal clade of the genus Poa.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Arctopoa
Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Sylvestres	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa alsodes A.Gray 1856. Poa alsodes A.Gray	Grove bluegrass	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Trop. Images, wsp
Poa saltuensis Fernald & Wiegand ssp. languida (A.S. Hitchc.) A. Haines Poa debilis Torr. Poa saltuensis ssp. languida	Weak bluegrass, Woodland bluegrass, Oldpasture bluegrass	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS Images, wsp
Poa saltuensis Fernald & Wiegand ssp. saltuensis	Common weak bluegrass, Drooping bluegrass, Oldpasture bluegrass	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Poa sylvestris A.Gray 1848. Poa sylvestris A.Gray	Woodland bluegrass, Forest bluegrass Pâturin des forêts	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Arctopoa	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa arida Vasey Poa pseudopratensis Poa glaucifolia 1893. Poa arida Vasey	Plains bluegrass	Introduced, N. America native			NYFA-X ARS Images, wsp

Poa subg. Ochlopoa

Poa subg. Ochlopoa (Ascherson & Graebner) Hylander, Bot. Not. 1953: 354. 1953.

This subgenus is here treated as equivalent to the BAPO clade, comprising pervious subg. Poa sections: ( ( Bolbophorum + Alpinae ) ( Parodiochloa + Ochlopoa ) ).

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Ochlopoa
Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Micrantherae	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa annua	Annual bluegrass, Speargrass	Introduced, Naturalized Annual, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
(excluded taxa)	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY /NPT
Poa chapmaniana Scribn.	Chapman bluegrass, Chapman's bluegrass	Introduced, N.Y. excluded Annual, Graminoid			NYFA-XCLD USDA-XX Images, wsp
Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Arenariae	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa bulbosa L. ssp. vivipara (Koeler) Arcang.	Bulbous bluegrass	Introduced, Somewhat invasive, NYIS: 49%^[1] Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-Xn USDA-X0 Images, wsp
(excluded taxa)	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY /NPT
Poa bulbosa L. ssp. bulbosa Poa bulbosa L.	Bulbous bluegrass	Introduced, N.Y. excluded Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-XCLD USDA-X0 Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Poa bulbosa: Low (49).

Poa subg. Stenopoa

Poa subg. Stenopoa (Dumortier) Soreng & L. J. Gillespie, Aliso (in press). 2006.

Subg. Stenopoa is here considered to be equivalent to the SPOSTA clade, made up of members of sections:

( Secundae ( Pandemos ( Oreinos + Stenopoa + Tichopoa + Abbreviatae ) ) ).

Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Stenopoa

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Stenopoa
Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Stenopoa	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa palustris L. 1759. Poa palustris L.	Fowl bluegrass, Meadowgrass	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS Images, wsp
Poa glauca ssp. glauca	Glaucous bluegrass	Native, Endangered			NYFA-2 Images, wsp
Poa interior Rydb.	Inland bluegrass	Native, No recent reports, Endangered			NYFA-1 Images, wsp
Poa nemoralis L. 1753. Poa nemoralis L. 1753. Agrostis alba L. 1808. Poa glaucantha Schleich. ex Gaudin 1915. Agrestis alba (L.) Lunell 1915. Paneion nemorale (L.) Lunell	Woodland bluegrass, Woods bluegrass, Wood bluegrass	Introduced			NYFA-Xn USDA-MM NPT ARS Images, wsp
Poa subg. Stenopa (excluded taxa)	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa laxa Haenke ssp. laxa	Mt. Washington bluegrass	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NN Images, wsp
Poa glauca × laxa Haenke	Hybrid of gaucous bluegrass & Mt. Washington bluegrass	Native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NN Images, wsp

Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Oreinos

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Oreinos
Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Oreinos	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa laxa Haenke ssp. fernaldiana (Nannf.) Hyl. 1935. Poa fernaldiana Nannf. 1953. Poa laxa ssp. fernaldiana Hyl. 1964. Poa flexuosa ssp. fernaldiana Á. Löve & D. Löve	Fernald's bluegrass	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Poa paludigena	Slender marsh bluegrass, Bog bluegrass	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 Images, wsp

Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Pandemos

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Pandemos
Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Pandemos	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa trivialis L. ssp. trivialis 1753. Poa trivialis L. 1854. Poa attica Boiss. & Heldr.	Rough bluegrass, Rough-sheathed bluegrass, Rough-stalk bluegrass, Rough-stalk meadow grass, Scribner bluegrass	Introduced from Europe			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT ARS Images, wsp

Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Tichopoa

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Tichopoa
Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Tichopoa	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa compressa L. 1753. Poa compressa L.	Wiry bluegrass, Canada bluegrass, Flattened meadow grass	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 69%^[1], CP-2^[2] FAC Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-Xn USDA-XX ARS Trop. Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Poa compressa: Moderate (69). ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)

Poa subg. Poa

The Poa subgenus is here considered to be composed of the HAMBADD clade (supersect. Homalopoa) and the PoM clade (supersect. Poa).

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Poa
Poa sect. Homalopoa	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa cuspidata Poa brachyphylla	Early bluegrass	Native, No recent reports, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-N0 Images, wsp
Poa chaixii Vill.	Chaiz bluegrass, Broadleaf bluegrass	Introduced			NYFA-X Images, wsp
Poa sect. Poa	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa pratensis L. ssp. pratensis 1753. Poa pratensis L. 1800. Poa pratensis var. pratensis 1915. Paneion pratense (L.) Lunell	Kentucky bluegrass, Smooth meadow grass (GBI)	Introduced from Eurasia, n.Africa, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 68%^[1] Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS Trop. Images, wsp
Poa pratensis L. ssp. angustifolia (L.) Lej. 1753. Poa angustifolia L. 1800. P. pratensis var. angustifolia Sm. 1828. P. pratensis ssp. angustifolia Lej.	Narrow-leaved bluegrass	Introduced			NYFA-X NWG Trop. Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Poa pratensis: Moderate (68).

Cinna

According to Soreng et. al. (2014)^[1] Cinna should be included in Poinae.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Cinninae — Cinna
Cinna	Wood reed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cinna arundinacea L.	Stout woodreed, Sweet woodreed, Wood reedgrass	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NWG Images, wsp
Cinna latifolia (Trevis. ex Goepp.) Griseb.	Drooping woodreed, Slender wood reedgrass	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Images, wsp
↑ R.J.Soreng, et. al. (2014) A World-Wide Phylogenic Classification of Poaecea (Gramineae): căo (草), capim, çayır, çimen, darbha, ghaas, ghas, gish, gramas, graminius, gräser, grasses, gyokh, he-ben-ke, hullu, kasa, kusa, nyasi, pastos, pillu, pullu, zlaki, etc. (rev. 5 Apr 2014)

Apera

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Apera
Apera	Silky bent	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Apera interrupta (L.) P.Beauv. Agrostis interrupta Apera interrupta P.Beauv.	Dense silky bentgrass, Interrupted windgrass	Introduced, Naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Apera spica-venti	Silky bentgrass, Loose silkybent, Common windgrass	Introduced, Unk. naturalization			NYFA-Xun USDA-XX Images, wsp

Ventenata

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Ventenata
Ventenata Köhlerer (excluded taxa)	North Africa grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ventenata dubia (Leers) Coss. 1855. Ventenata dubia (Leers) Coss.	North Africa grass	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD ARS Images, wsp

← Poaceae 3	Flora of New York — Poaceae 4: Poeae				→ Commelinales, Zingiberales, Ceratophyllales
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

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[1] When separated into subspecies, A. hirtum ssp. arcticum is the only North American native of the species. The New York Flora Atlas (2016) treats all A. hirtum subspecies as one variable taxon, baed on Allred and Barkworth (2007).

[2] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Anthoxanthum monticola ssp. monticola. Endangered, S1/GNL.