깨끗하다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆺᄀᆞᆺᄒᆞ다 (kos.kos.hota). First attested in the Beonyeok nogeoldae (飜譯老乞大 / 번역노걸대), 1517, as Middle Korean 긋긋다 (geutgeutda).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key)[k͈e̞k͈ɯtʰa̠da̠]
- Phonetic Hangul[깨끄타다]
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Adjective
깨끗하다 • (kkaekkeuthada) (infinitive 깨끗해 or 깨끗하여, sequential 깨끗하니)
- to be clean
- 존슨은 "그것이 얼마나 많이 녹느냐에 따라서, 많은 깨끗한 물이 지역을 떠나서 대양으로 향하게 될 것이며, 이는 식수와 음식의 안전에 심각한 충격을 줄 것이다"라고 한다.
- Jonseuneun geugeosi eolmana mani nongneunya-e ttaraseo, maneun kkaekkeuthan muri jiyeogeul tteonaseo daeyang-euro hyanghage doel geosimyeo, ineun siksuwa eumsigui anjeone simgakhan chunggyeogeul jul geosidarago handa.
- Johnson said, “Depending on how it melts, a lot of the freshwater will be leaving the region for the ocean, which will have severe impacts on water and food security."
- 2018, VOA Learning English > China's Melting Glacier Brings Visitors, Adds to Climate Concerns (The original sentence in English)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 깨끗하다 (kkaekkeuthada)
| Stems | |
|---|---|
| Stem 1 | 깨끗하 (kkaekkeutha) |
| Stem 2 | 깨끗해 (kkaekkeuthae) |
| Stem 2a | 깨끗하여 (kkaekkeuthayeo) |
| Stem 3 | 깨끗하 (kkaekkeutha) |
| Conjugation type | Vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular |
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 깨끗하다 kkaekkeuthada |
깨끗해 kkaekkeuthae |
깨끗해요 kkaekkeuthaeyo |
깨끗합니다 kkaekkeuthamnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 깨끗했다 kkaekkeuthaetda |
깨끗했어 kkaekkeuthaesseo |
깨끗했어요 kkaekkeuthaesseoyo |
깨끗했습니다 kkaekkeuthaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 깨끗하냐 kkaekkeuthanya |
깨끗해 kkaekkeuthae |
깨끗해요 kkaekkeuthaeyo |
깨끗합니까 kkaekkeuthamnikka |
| Past | 깨끗했냐 kkaekkeuthaennya |
깨끗했어 kkaekkeuthaesseo |
깨끗했어요 kkaekkeuthaesseoyo |
깨끗했습니까 kkaekkeuthaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 깨끗하겠다 kkaekkeuthagetda | 깨끗하겠어 kkaekkeuthagesseo | 깨끗하겠어요 kkaekkeuthagesseoyo | 깨끗하겠습니다 kkaekkeuthagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 깨끗해 kkaekkeuthae | 깨끗해서, 깨끗하여서 kkaekkeuthaeseo, kkaekkeuthayeoseo | 깨끗하니 kkaekkeuthani | 깨끗하니까 kkaekkeuthanikka | |
| Contrast | 깨끗하지만 kkaekkeuthajiman | 깨끗한데 kkaekkeuthande | 깨끗하더니 kkaekkeuthadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 깨끗하고 kkaekkeuthago | ||||
| Condition | 깨끗하면 kkaekkeuthamyeon | 깨끗해야, 깨끗하여야 kkaekkeuthaeya, kkaekkeuthayeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 깨끗함 kkaekkeutham | 깨끗하기 kkaekkeuthagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 깨끗했음, 깨끗하였음 kkaekkeuthaesseum, kkaekkeuthayeosseum | 깨끗했기, 깨끗하였기 kkaekkeuthaetgi, kkaekkeuthayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 깨끗한 kkaekkeuthan | |||
| Future | 깨끗할 kkaekkeuthal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 깨끗하시다 kkaekkeuthasida |
깨끗하셔 kkaekkeuthasyeo |
깨끗하세요, 깨끗하셔요 kkaekkeuthaseyo, kkaekkeuthasyeoyo |
깨끗하십니다 kkaekkeuthasimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 깨끗하셨다 kkaekkeuthasyeotda |
깨끗하셨어 kkaekkeuthasyeosseo |
깨끗하셨어요 kkaekkeuthasyeosseoyo |
깨끗하셨습니다 kkaekkeuthasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 깨끗하시냐 kkaekkeuthasinya |
깨끗하셔 kkaekkeuthasyeo |
깨끗하세요, 깨끗하셔요 kkaekkeuthaseyo, kkaekkeuthasyeoyo |
깨끗하십니까 kkaekkeuthasimnikka |
| Past | 깨끗하셨냐 kkaekkeuthasyeonnya |
깨끗하셨어 kkaekkeuthasyeosseo |
깨끗하셨어요 kkaekkeuthasyeosseoyo |
깨끗하셨습니까 kkaekkeuthasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 깨끗하시겠다 kkaekkeuthasigetda | 깨끗하시겠어 kkaekkeuthasigesseo | 깨끗하시겠어요 kkaekkeuthasigesseoyo | 깨끗하시겠습니다 kkaekkeuthasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 깨끗하셔 kkaekkeuthasyeo | 깨끗하셔서 kkaekkeuthasyeoseo | 깨끗하시니 kkaekkeuthasini | 깨끗하시니까 kkaekkeuthasinikka | |
| Contrast | 깨끗하시지만 kkaekkeuthasijiman | 깨끗하신데 kkaekkeuthasinde | 깨끗하시더니 kkaekkeuthasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 깨끗하시고 kkaekkeuthasigo | ||||
| Condition | 깨끗하시면 kkaekkeuthasimyeon | 깨끗하셔야 kkaekkeuthasyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 깨끗하심 kkaekkeuthasim | 깨끗하시기 kkaekkeuthasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 깨끗하셨음 kkaekkeuthasyeosseum | 깨끗하셨기 kkaekkeuthasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 깨끗하신 kkaekkeuthasin | |||
| Future | 깨끗하실 kkaekkeuthasil | ||||
Synonyms
(obsolete) 조ᄒᆞ다 (johᆞda) First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 조ᄒᆞ다 (joheoda).
Antonyms
- 더럽다 (deoreopda, “to be dirty”)
Derived terms
- 깨끗이 (kkaekkeusi, “in a clean fashion; cleanly”)
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