ꜣb

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Related to ꜣbb (“to separate from”).

Verb

 2-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to stop, to take a break [since Middle Kingdom literature]
  2. (transitive, with an infinitive; in the Greco-Roman Period, with r, m, or n and an infinitve) to cease or stop (doing something)
  3. (transitive) to avoid
  4. (transitive with ḥr) to tarry or stay for a while with (someone)
  5. (transitive with r) to part with, to separate from [Late Period to Greco-Roman Period]
Inflection
Conjugation of ꜣb (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ꜣb, geminated stem: ꜣbb
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ꜣb
 ꜣbw, ꜣb
 ꜣbt
 ꜣb, j.ꜣb
 ꜣb, j.ꜣb
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ꜣb
 ḥr ꜣb
 m ꜣb
 r ꜣb
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect ꜣb.n
 ꜣbw, ꜣb
 consecutive ꜣb.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative ꜣbt
perfective3 ꜣb
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative ꜣb.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective ꜣb, j.ꜣb1
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 ꜣb
 ꜣbb
 potentialis ꜣb.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive ꜣb, j.ꜣb1
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect ꜣb.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective ꜣb
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ꜣb
 ꜣbb, ꜣbbj6, ꜣb2, ꜣbw2 5, ꜣby2 5
imperfective j.ꜣb1, ꜣb, ꜣby, ꜣbw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 j.ꜣb1, j.ꜣbw1 5, ꜣb, ꜣbj6, ꜣby6
 ꜣb, ꜣbw5
prospective ꜣb, ꜣbtj7
 — ꜣbtj4, ꜣbt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣb  

ꜣb ꜣbj ꜣb
[New Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [Greco-Roman Period]
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Likely related to ꜣbw (“elephant, ivory, tusk”).

Noun

 m

  1. fingernail [Late Period]
Inflection
Declension of ꜣb (masculine)
singular ꜣb
dual ꜣbwj
plural ꜣbw
Descendants
  • Demotic: yb
    • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲃ̄ (eib̄), ⲓⲉⲉⲃⲉ (ieebe)
    • Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲉⲃ (ieb)
    • Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲃ̄ (eib̄)

References
  • Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 2
  • Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 6.2–6.8, 7.21
  • Wilson, Penelope (1991) A Lexicographical Study of the Ptolemaic Texts in the Temple of Edfu, Liverpool: University of Liverpool, page 7–9
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 272.
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