衚衕

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (衚衕/胡同)		衚/胡	衕/同
simp. (胡同)		胡	同

衚衕。

Etymology

First attested in Yuan Dynasty.

Probably a compound from 衕 (“street, passage”), a native word attested in Shuowen Jiezi,[1] or from 巷 (MC ɦˠʌŋ^H) (MC *ɦˠʌŋH). [2]

Alternatively, a loan word from Middle Mongolian ᠬᠤᠳᠳᠤᠭ (quddug, “water well”) (> Mongolian худаг (hudag)), indicating that people lived where wells could be dug.

Another theory postulates that this is borrowed from Middle Mongolian ᠭᠤᠳᠤᠮ (ɣudum, “corridor, passage, passageway”) (> Mongolian гудам (gudam)).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hútòng

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˊ ㄊㄨㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wu⁴ tung⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: hútòng → hútong (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ ㄊㄨㄥˋ → ㄏㄨˊ ˙ㄊㄨㄥ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwu.tonq
  - IPA ^(key): /xu³⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵¹/ → /xu³⁵ tʰʊŋ³/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Pinyin: hútòngr
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ ㄊㄨㄥˋㄦ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwutonglh
  - IPA ^(key): /xu³⁵ tʰʊ̃ɻ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: wu⁴ tung⁴
  - Yale: wùh tùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wu⁴ tung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wu⁴ tung⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /wuː²¹ tʰʊŋ²¹/

Noun

衚衕

hutong (a narrow street, lane, or alley, most commonly in Beijing)

Derived terms

死衚衕／死胡同 (sǐhútòng)
花衚衕／花胡同
血衚衕／血胡同

衚衕兒／胡同儿
錦衚衕／锦胡同

References

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this word
衚	衕

Proper noun

衚衕

Hán tự form of hồ đồng (“hutong”).

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[1] ttps://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=gb&char=衕

[2] ttps://media.weibo.cn/article?id=2309404334995660497125