外患

Chinese

		outside; in addition; foreign outside; in addition; foreign; external	misfortune; suffer (from illness); trouble misfortune; suffer (from illness); trouble; danger; worry; to contract (a disease)
simp. and trad. (外患)		外	患

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wàihuàn

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄞˋ ㄏㄨㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngoi⁶ waan⁶
Min Nan (POJ): gōa-hoān

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: wàihuàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄞˋ ㄏㄨㄢˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wayhuann
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wàihuàn
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xwän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngoi⁶ waan⁶
  - Yale: ngoih waahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngoi⁶ waan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngoi⁶ wan⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔːy̯²² wäːn²²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa-hoān
  - Tâi-lô: guā-huān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goaxhoan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /gua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /gua⁴¹⁻²² huan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /gua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /gua³³⁻¹¹ huan³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /gua³³⁻²¹ huan³³/

Noun

外患

foreign aggression

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (外患):

→ Japanese: 外患 (がいかん) (gaikan)
→ Korean: 외환 (外患, oehwan)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
外	患
がい Grade: 2	かん Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- IPA^(key): [ɡa̠ikã̠ɴ]

Noun

外患 (hiragana がいかん, rōmaji gaikan)

external pressure; foreign threat

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