ῥύομαι

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

εἰρύομαι (eirúomai) – Epic

Etymology

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /r̥y̌ː.o.mai̯/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈr̥y.o.mɛ/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈry.o.mɛ/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈry.o.me/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈri.o.me/

Verb

ῥῡ́ομαι • (rhū́omai)

(Epic, Ionic, Tragic, Koine, rare in prose)

to protect, guard, preserve
to rescue, save, deliver
to keep something dangerous away
to thwart, curb
to set free, ransom, redeem; to pay for

Usage notes

The form *ἐρύω (*erúō), under which Liddell and Scott and Cunliffe list the word, is unattested; instead the present stem takes the forms ῥυ- (rhu-) and εἰρυ- (eiru-) with long or short υ (u). Present (LSJ) or perfect (Cunliffe), and imperfect (LSJ) or pluperfect (Cunliffe) forms may be thematic or athematic.

The aorist has six possible stems: with long εἰ (ei), short ἐ (e), or no augment; double σσ (ss) or single σ (s) first aorist tense suffix; and long or short υ (u).

Inflection

Present: ῥῡ́ομαι (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ῥῡ́ομαι	ῥῡ́εαι	ῥῡ́εται	ῥῡ́εσθον	ῥῡ́εσθον	ῥῡόμε(σ)θᾰ	ῥῡ́εσθε	ῥῡ́ονται
	subjunctive	ῥῡ́ωμαι, ῥῡώμαιμῐ	ῥῡ́ηαι, ῥῡ́ηαι	ῥῡ́ηται, ῥῡήταισῐ	ῥῡ́ησθον	ῥῡ́ησθον	ῥῡώμε(σ)θᾰ	ῥῡ́ησθε	ῥῡ́ωνται
	optative	ῥῡοίμην	ῥῡ́οιο	ῥῡ́οιτο	ῥῡ́οισθον	ῥῡοίσθην	ῥῡοίμε(σ)θᾰ	ῥῡ́οισθε	ῥῡοίᾰτο
	imperative		ῥῡ́εο	ῥῡέσθω	ῥῡ́εσθον	ῥῡέσθων		ῥῡ́εσθε	ῥῡέσθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						ῥῡ́εσθαι
participle	m					ῥῡόμενος
	f					ῥῡομένη
	n					ῥῡόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Present: ῥῠ́ομαι (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ῥῠ́ομαι	ῥῠ́εαι	ῥῠ́εται	ῥῠ́εσθον	ῥῠ́εσθον	ῥῠόμε(σ)θᾰ	ῥῠ́εσθε	ῥῠ́ονται
	subjunctive	ῥῠ́ωμαι, ῥῠώμαιμῐ	ῥῠ́ηαι, ῥῠ́ηαι	ῥῠ́ηται, ῥῠήταισῐ	ῥῠ́ησθον	ῥῠ́ησθον	ῥῠώμε(σ)θᾰ	ῥῠ́ησθε	ῥῠ́ωνται
	optative	ῥῠοίμην	ῥῠ́οιο	ῥῠ́οιτο	ῥῠ́οισθον	ῥῠοίσθην	ῥῠοίμε(σ)θᾰ	ῥῠ́οισθε	ῥῠοίᾰτο
	imperative		ῥῠ́εο	ῥῠέσθω	ῥῠ́εσθον	ῥῠέσθων		ῥῠ́εσθε	ῥῠέσθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						ῥῠ́εσθαι
participle	m					ῥῠόμενος
	f					ῥῠομένη
	n					ῥῠόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Present: εἰρῡ́ομαι (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	εἰρῡ́ομαι	εἰρῡ́εαι	εἰρῡ́εται	εἰρῡ́εσθον	εἰρῡ́εσθον	εἰρῡόμε(σ)θᾰ	εἰρῡ́εσθε	εἰρῡ́ονται
	subjunctive	εἰρῡ́ωμαι, εἰρῡώμαιμῐ	εἰρῡ́ηαι, εἰρῡ́ηαι	εἰρῡ́ηται, εἰρῡήταισῐ	εἰρῡ́ησθον	εἰρῡ́ησθον	εἰρῡώμε(σ)θᾰ	εἰρῡ́ησθε	εἰρῡ́ωνται
	optative	εἰρῡοίμην	εἰρῡ́οιο	εἰρῡ́οιτο	εἰρῡ́οισθον	εἰρῡοίσθην	εἰρῡοίμε(σ)θᾰ	εἰρῡ́οισθε	εἰρῡοίᾰτο
	imperative		εἰρῡ́εο	εἰρῡέσθω	εἰρῡ́εσθον	εἰρῡέσθων		εἰρῡ́εσθε	εἰρῡέσθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						εἰρῡ́εσθαι
participle	m					εἰρῡόμενος
	f					εἰρῡομένη
	n					εἰρῡόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ῥῡόμην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ῥῡόμην	ῥῡ́ου	ῥῡ́ετο	ῥῡ́εσθον	ῥῡέσθην	ῥῡόμε(σ)θᾰ	ῥῡ́εσθε	ῥῡ́οντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἐρῡόμην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐρῡόμην	ἐρῡ́ου	ἐρῡ́ετο	ἐρῡ́εσθον	ἐρῡέσθην	ἐρῡόμε(σ)θᾰ	ἐρῡ́εσθε	ἐρῡ́οντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: εἰρῠ́σσομαι (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	εἰρῠ́σσομαι	εἰρῠ́σσεαι	εἰρῠ́σσεται	εἰρῠ́σσεσθον	εἰρῠ́σσεσθον	εἰρῠσσόμε(σ)θᾰ	εἰρῠ́σσεσθε	εἰρῠ́σσονται
middle	optative	εἰρῠσσοίμην	εἰρῠ́σσοιο	εἰρῠ́σσοιτο	εἰρῠ́σσοισθον	εἰρῠσσοίσθην	εἰρῠσσοίμε(σ)θᾰ	εἰρῠ́σσοισθε	εἰρῠσσοίᾰτο
					middle
infinitive					εἰρῠ́σσεσθαι
participle	m				εἰρῠσσόμενος
	f				εἰρῠσσομένη
	n				εἰρῠσσόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ἐρῠ́σσομαι (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ἐρῠ́σσομαι	ἐρῠ́σσεαι	ἐρῠ́σσεται	ἐρῠ́σσεσθον	ἐρῠ́σσεσθον	ἐρῠσσόμε(σ)θᾰ	ἐρῠ́σσεσθε	ἐρῠ́σσονται
middle	optative	ἐρῠσσοίμην	ἐρῠ́σσοιο	ἐρῠ́σσοιτο	ἐρῠ́σσοισθον	ἐρῠσσοίσθην	ἐρῠσσοίμε(σ)θᾰ	ἐρῠ́σσοισθε	ἐρῠσσοίᾰτο
					middle
infinitive					ἐρῠ́σσεσθαι
participle	m				ἐρῠσσόμενος
	f				ἐρῠσσομένη
	n				ἐρῠσσόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ῥῡ́σομαι (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ῥῡ́σομαι	ῥῡ́σεαι	ῥῡ́σεται	ῥῡ́σεσθον	ῥῡ́σεσθον	ῥῡσόμε(σ)θᾰ	ῥῡ́σεσθε	ῥῡ́σονται
middle	optative	ῥῡσοίμην	ῥῡ́σοιο	ῥῡ́σοιτο	ῥῡ́σοισθον	ῥῡσοίσθην	ῥῡσοίμε(σ)θᾰ	ῥῡ́σοισθε	ῥῡσοίᾰτο
					middle
infinitive					ῥῡ́σεσθαι
participle	m				ῥῡσόμενος
	f				ῥῡσομένη
	n				ῥῡσόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἐρῠσᾰ́μην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ἐρῠσᾰ́μην	ἐρῠ́σω	ἐρῠ́σᾰτο	ἐρῠ́σᾰσθον	ἐρῠσᾰ́σθην	ἐρῠσᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ	ἐρῠ́σᾰσθε	ἐρῠ́σᾰντο
	subjunctive	ἐρῠ́σωμαι, ἐρῠσώμαιμῐ	ἐρῠ́σηαι, ἐρῠ́σηαι	ἐρῠ́σηται, ἐρῠσήταισῐ	ἐρῠ́σησθον	ἐρῠ́σησθον	ἐρῠσώμε(σ)θᾰ	ἐρῠ́σησθε	ἐρῠ́σωνται
	optative	ἐρῠσαίμην	ἐρῠ́σαιο	ἐρῠ́σαιτο	ἐρῠ́σαισθον	ἐρῠσαίσθην	ἐρῠσαίμε(σ)θᾰ	ἐρῠ́σαισθε	ἐρῠσαίᾰτο
	imperative		ἔρῠσαι	ἐρῠσᾰ́σθω	ἐρῠ́σᾰσθον	ἐρῠσᾰ́σθων		ἐρῠ́σᾰσθε	ἐρῠσᾰ́σθων
					middle
infinitive					ἐρῠ́σᾰσθαι
participle	m				ἐρῠσᾰ́μενος
	f				ἐρῠσᾰμένη
	n				ἐρῠσᾰ́μενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: εἰρῠσᾰ́μην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	εἰρῠσᾰ́μην	εἰρῠ́σω	εἰρῠ́σᾰτο	εἰρῠ́σᾰσθον	εἰρῠσᾰ́σθην	εἰρῠσᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ	εἰρῠ́σᾰσθε	εἰρῠ́σᾰντο
	subjunctive	εἰρῠ́σσωμαι, εἰρῠσσώμαιμῐ	εἰρῠ́σσηαι, εἰρῠ́σσηαι	εἰρῠ́σσηται, εἰρῠσσήταισῐ	εἰρῠ́σσησθον	εἰρῠ́σσησθον	εἰρῠσσώμε(σ)θᾰ	εἰρῠ́σσησθε	εἰρῠ́σσωνται
	optative	εἰρῠσσαίμην	εἰρῠ́σσαιο	εἰρῠ́σσαιτο	εἰρῠ́σσαισθον	εἰρῠσσαίσθην	εἰρῠσσαίμε(σ)θᾰ	εἰρῠ́σσαισθε	εἰρῠσσαίᾰτο
	imperative		εἴρῠσσαι	εἰρῠσσᾰ́σθω	εἰρῠ́σσᾰσθον	εἰρῠσσᾰ́σθων		εἰρῠ́σσᾰσθε	εἰρῠσσᾰ́σθων
					middle
infinitive					εἰρῠ́σσᾰσθαι
participle	m				εἰρῠσσᾰ́μενος
	f				εἰρῠσσᾰμένη
	n				εἰρῠσσᾰ́μενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἐρρῡσᾰ́μην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ἐρρῡσᾰ́μην	ἐρρῡ́σω	ἐρρῡ́σᾰτο	ἐρρῡ́σᾰσθον	ἐρρῡσᾰ́σθην	ἐρρῡσᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ	ἐρρῡ́σᾰσθε	ἐρρῡ́σᾰντο
	subjunctive	ῥῡ́σωμαι, ῥῡσώμαιμῐ	ῥῡ́σηαι, ῥῡ́σηαι	ῥῡ́σηται, ῥῡσήταισῐ	ῥῡ́σησθον	ῥῡ́σησθον	ῥῡσώμε(σ)θᾰ	ῥῡ́σησθε	ῥῡ́σωνται
	optative	ῥῡσαίμην	ῥῡ́σαιο	ῥῡ́σαιτο	ῥῡ́σαισθον	ῥῡσαίσθην	ῥῡσαίμε(σ)θᾰ	ῥῡ́σαισθε	ῥῡσαίᾰτο
	imperative		ῥῦσαι	ῥῡσᾰ́σθω	ῥῡ́σᾰσθον	ῥῡσᾰ́σθων		ῥῡ́σᾰσθε	ῥῡσᾰ́σθων
					middle
infinitive					ῥῡ́σᾰσθαι
participle	m				ῥῡσᾰ́μενος
	f				ῥῡσᾰμένη
	n				ῥῡσᾰ́μενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

References

ἐρύω (B) in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ῥύομαι in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
ῥύομαι in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ῥύομαι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ῥύομαι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
ῥύομαι in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G4506 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979

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